Carrier State ; immunology ; prevention & control ; China ; epidemiology ; Hepatitis B ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; immunology ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Vaccination

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been a major global cause of morbidity and mortality. The recognition of the problem led to a worldwide effort to reduce transmission of HBV through routine infant vaccination. HBV infection is the most common cause of chronic liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma in Korea. After hepatitis B vaccine era, seroprevalence of hepatits B surface antigen is decreasing, particularly in children. Hepatitis B vaccine is remarkably safe and shows high immunogenicity. Universal childhood immunization with three doses of hepatitis B vaccine in the first year of life is a highly effective method for prevention and control of hepatitis B.
Hepatitis B/*epidemiology/immunology/*prevention & control ; Hepatitis B Antibodies/blood/immunology ; Hepatitis B Vaccines/immunology/therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B virus/genetics/immunology ; Humans ; Vaccination

Hepatitis B ; blood ; epidemiology ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B virus ; immunology ; Humans

Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; China ; Hepatitis B ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; immunology ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; immunology ; Humans

The seroprevalence of anti-HAV (hepatitis A virus) has been decreasing in Korea. The decrease in HAV infection in young adults has resulted in the reduction of individuals with protective antibody and an increase in hepatitis A in the adult population. The increase in HAV infection in adults will have an impact on the magnitude and severity of the disease. In Korea, symptomatic hepatitis A has been gradually increasing since the mid-1990s, with a tendency toward an increase in mean age and disease severity. The endemic genotype of HAV in Korea has been changing from genotype IA alone to a mixture of genotype IA and IIIA. Therefore, preventive measures including universal vaccination in infants and active immunization of the adult population should be considered.
Adult ; Child ; Hepatitis A/*epidemiology/immunology/prevention & control ; Hepatitis A Vaccines/administration & dosage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea/epidemiology ; Seroepidemiologic Studies

China ; epidemiology ; Education, Medical, Continuing ; Hepatitis B ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; immunology ; Humans ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Vaccination

Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; immunology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Vaccination

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the epidemiological effect of hepatitis B immunization among newborn babies in Beijing.

METHODSA multistage sampling method was used for the collection of immunization cards, field epidemiological survey on hepatitis B virus (HBV) immunization of children, analysis of infectious disease reports. HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc levels were detected by solid phase radioimmunoassays (SPRIA).

RESULTSThe incidence of hepatitis B in children of 0 to 14 years at the beginning of HBV immunization was 18.59 to 20.52/100,000, and declined to 0.39 to 2.38/100,000 in 2000 (chi2 = 58.26, P < 0.01). The HBsAg carrying rate of the children decreased from 2.82% to 0.60%, about 80.00% after vaccination (chi2 = 10.75, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONHepatitis B vaccination of newborn babies is an effective measure for prevention and control of hepatitis B virus infection.

China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; blood ; immunology ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; immunology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Vaccination

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the long-term protective effects of hepatitis B vaccine after immunizing to the children for 12 years in Beijing.

METHODSThe multiple stratified cluster sampling was used in this epidemiological survey. The sampling children's blood serum HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc were checked and measured by the solid phase radioimmunoassay (SPRIA). The serological level of these index and the causes of the children with HBsAg positive were analyzed.

RESULTSThere were 2,419 cases 3-12 years-old children immunized with the hepatitis B vaccine in infant period were surveyed and the total HBsAg positive rate was 0.52%. The vaccine protective rate was 88.45% (95% CI: 65.67%-97.89%). The total anti-HBc positive rate was 2.21%, being no statistical significance among the age groups. The average anti-HBs positive rate of 3-6 years-old children immunized with gene recombining vaccine was 38.79% and descending greatly following the age's dropping. The geometric means of anti-HBs serological titer (GMT) was 52.83 mIU/ml, showing no statistical significance among the age groups. The average anti-HBs positive rate of 6-12 years-old children immunized with the blood rooting vaccine was 50.79%. The geometric means of anti-HBs serological titer (GMT) was 61.51 mIU/ml. There were no statistical significances among the age groups. Among the HBsAg positive children, more than 50% of the children's mothers were HBsAg positive also.

CONCLUSIONSThe protective effects given by immunization were significant after the hepatitis B vaccine vaccination for 12 years in Beijing. The booster immunization was not necessary, because the HBsAg positive rate didn't ascend obviously as the immunization time prolonging. As the anti-HBs positive rate of children who were immunized by the gene recombining vaccine might be descending following the age's dropping greatly, we should strengthen the serological surveillance of hepatitis B. The main cause that the children became the HBsAg carrier should be a vertical transmission.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatitis B ; epidemiology ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis B Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; immunology ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B virus ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunity, Active

OBJECTIVETo evaluating the epidemiological effect after hepatitis B immunization among youngsters in Beijing.

METHODSA multistage sampling method was used for data collection from immunization cards, reports on field epidemiological survey on hepatitis B virus (HBV) immunization of youngsters and the analysis of infectious diseases. HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc levels were detected by solid phase radioimmunoassays (SPRIA).

RESULTSThe average incidence rates of hepatitis B in 10 - 19 years-olds prior to HBV immunization was 12.11-16.89/100 000, while declined to 1.78-10.95/100 000 (chi(2) = 10.71 - 60.45, P < 0.01). HBsAg carrying rate of the youngsters decreased from 6.34% to 1.37% (80.00%) after vaccination (chi(2) = 14.16, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONHepatitis B vaccination among youngsters is an effective measure for the prevention and control of hepatitis B virus infection.

Adolescent ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Hepatitis B ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunization Schedule ; Prevalence ; Vaccination ; Vaccines, Synthetic ; immunology