1.Intrahepatic Portosystemic Venous Shunt: Successful Embolization Using the Amplatzer Vascular Plug II.
Young Ju LEE ; Byung Seok SHIN ; In Ho LEE ; Joon Young OHM ; Byung Seok LEE ; Moonsang AHN ; Ho Jun KIM
Korean Journal of Radiology 2012;13(6):827-831
A 67-year-old woman presented with memory impairment and behavioral changes. Brain MRI indicated hepatic encephalopathy. Abdominal CT scans revealed an intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunt that consisted of two shunt tracts to the aneurysmal sac that communicated directly with the right hepatic vein. The large tract was successfully occluded by embolization using the newly available AMPLATZERTM Vascular Plug II and the small tract was occluded by using coils. The patient's symptoms disappeared after shunt closure and she remained free of recurrence at the 3-month follow-up evaluation.
Aged
;
Embolization, Therapeutic/*instrumentation/methods
;
Female
;
Hepatic Encephalopathy/etiology/*therapy
;
Hepatic Veins/abnormalities/radiography
;
Humans
;
Liver Circulation
;
Portal Vein/abnormalities/radiography
;
*Septal Occluder Device
2.Current status of liver diseases in Korea: Liver cirrhosis.
The Korean Journal of Hepatology 2009;15(Suppl 6):S40-S49
Liver cirrhosis represents the final common pathway of virtually all chronic liver diseases, and is characterized by an accumulation of extracellular matrix rich in fibrillar collagens. Patients with cirrhosis are at risk of developing many potential complications. The most common complication seen in patients with liver cirrhosis is ascites, and the most lethal one is bleeding varices. Other intermediate and late stage complications include spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepatic encephalopathy, and hepatorenal syndrome. The mortality and morbidity attributable to liver disease in Korea have decreased continuously over the past decades, probably due to the implementation of universal vaccination and potent antiviral therapies. In addition, recent advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of cirrhosis and in various management approaches to cirrhosis complications will contribute to the steady improvement in patient outcomes in this country. This review article outlines recent changes in etiologies and prognosis, and the advances in management of cirrhosis in Korea.
Ascites/etiology
;
Esophageal and Gastric Varices/etiology
;
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology
;
Hepatic Encephalopathy/etiology
;
Hepatorenal Syndrome/etiology
;
Humans
;
Hypertension, Portal/etiology
;
Korea/epidemiology
;
*Liver Cirrhosis/complications/epidemiology/therapy
;
Peritonitis/etiology
;
Prognosis
;
Risk Factors
3.Current status of liver diseases in Korea: Liver cirrhosis.
The Korean Journal of Hepatology 2009;15(Suppl 6):S40-S49
Liver cirrhosis represents the final common pathway of virtually all chronic liver diseases, and is characterized by an accumulation of extracellular matrix rich in fibrillar collagens. Patients with cirrhosis are at risk of developing many potential complications. The most common complication seen in patients with liver cirrhosis is ascites, and the most lethal one is bleeding varices. Other intermediate and late stage complications include spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepatic encephalopathy, and hepatorenal syndrome. The mortality and morbidity attributable to liver disease in Korea have decreased continuously over the past decades, probably due to the implementation of universal vaccination and potent antiviral therapies. In addition, recent advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of cirrhosis and in various management approaches to cirrhosis complications will contribute to the steady improvement in patient outcomes in this country. This review article outlines recent changes in etiologies and prognosis, and the advances in management of cirrhosis in Korea.
Ascites/etiology
;
Esophageal and Gastric Varices/etiology
;
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology
;
Hepatic Encephalopathy/etiology
;
Hepatorenal Syndrome/etiology
;
Humans
;
Hypertension, Portal/etiology
;
Korea/epidemiology
;
*Liver Cirrhosis/complications/epidemiology/therapy
;
Peritonitis/etiology
;
Prognosis
;
Risk Factors
4.Intensive care of patients with acute liver failure: recommendations of the U.S. Acute Liver Failure Study Group.
Chinese Journal of Hepatology 2009;17(1):78-80
Acute Disease
;
Bacterial Infections
;
prevention & control
;
Brain Edema
;
drug therapy
;
etiology
;
Critical Care
;
Hepatic Encephalopathy
;
etiology
;
therapy
;
Humans
;
Intracranial Hypertension
;
etiology
;
therapy
;
Liver Failure, Acute
;
etiology
;
nursing
;
therapy
;
Liver Transplantation
;
nursing
;
standards
5.Liver transplantation in patients with fulminant hepatitis B: experience in Canton, China.
Xiaofeng ZHU ; Guihua CHEN ; Xiaoshun HE ; Minqiang LU ; Guodong WANG ; Changjie CAI ; Yang YANG ; Jiefu HUANG
Chinese Medical Sciences Journal 2002;17(1):44-46
OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of orthotopic liver transplantation on fulminant hepatitis B and the preventive efficiency of lamivudine on recurrence of hepatitis B in China.
PATIENTS AND METHODSTen patients with fulminant hepatitis B received orthotopic liver transplantation under veno-venous bypass. All patients had preoperatively serious jaundice, ascites and coagulopathy, and of whom 7 with encephalopathy, 2 with acute renal failure, and 1 with gastro-hemorrhage. RUSULT: Seven of the 10 patients have survived for 3 approximately 18 months, but 3 died of multi-organ failure or recurrence of fulminant hepatitis B. Seven survivors took lamivudine and 6 of them have survived for 3 approximately 18 months without the signs of recurrence of hepatitis B.
CONCLUSIONOrthotopic liver transplantation is an effective therapy for fulminant hepatitis B, and lamivudine may prevent recurrence of hepatitis B after transplantation.
Adult ; Hepatic Encephalopathy ; drug therapy ; etiology ; surgery ; Hepatitis B ; complications ; drug therapy ; surgery ; Humans ; Lamivudine ; therapeutic use ; Liver Transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Survival Rate
6.Clinical analysis of the peri-operative complications following percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage or stent implantation.
Ping YU ; Ding-ke DAI ; Xiao-jun QIAN
Chinese Journal of Oncology 2009;31(12):923-924
Adult
;
Aged
;
Aged, 80 and over
;
Biliary Tract Neoplasms
;
complications
;
Cholangitis
;
etiology
;
Cholestasis
;
etiology
;
therapy
;
Drainage
;
adverse effects
;
Female
;
Hepatic Encephalopathy
;
etiology
;
Humans
;
Intraoperative Period
;
Jaundice, Obstructive
;
etiology
;
therapy
;
Liver Neoplasms
;
complications
;
Male
;
Middle Aged
;
Pancreatitis
;
etiology
;
Stents
;
adverse effects
7.Improvement of molecular adsorbent recirculating system on chronic severe hepatitis patients with multiple organ failure.
Xiao-bing HU ; Zhan YANG ; Xiao-ping TANG ; Min-min WANG ; Ying ZHOU ; Shu-ping LI
Chinese Journal of Hepatology 2003;11(10):629-630
Adult
;
Female
;
Hepatic Encephalopathy
;
diagnosis
;
etiology
;
therapy
;
Hepatitis B, Chronic
;
complications
;
therapy
;
Humans
;
Liver Failure, Acute
;
diagnosis
;
therapy
;
Liver, Artificial
;
Male
;
Middle Aged
;
Multiple Organ Failure
;
complications
;
therapy
;
Prognosis
;
Sorption Detoxification
8.Ascites, Hepatorenal Syndrome and Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Patients with Portal Hypertension.
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology 2010;56(3):168-185
Ascites, hepatic encephalopathy and variceal hemorrhage are three major complications of portal hypertension. The diagnostic evaluation of ascites involves an assessment of its etiology by determining the serum-ascites albumin gradient and the exclusion of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Ascites is primarily related to an inability to excrete an adequate amount of sodium into urine, leading to a positive sodium balance. Sodium restriction and diuretic therapy are keys of ascites control. But, with the case of refractory ascites, large volume paracentesis and transjugular portosystemic shunts are required. In hepatorenal syndrome, splanchnic vasodilatation with reduction in effective arterial volume causes intense renal vasoconstriction. Splanchnic and/or peripheral vasoconstrictors with albumin infusion, and renal replacement therapy are only bridging therapy. Liver transplantation is the only definitive modality of improving the long term prognosis.
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
;
Ascites/complications/*diagnosis/therapy
;
Bacterial Infections/*diagnosis
;
Hepatic Encephalopathy/complications
;
Hepatorenal Syndrome/complications/*diagnosis/therapy
;
Humans
;
Hypertension, Portal/*complications
;
Liver Transplantation
;
Peritonitis/*diagnosis/drug therapy/etiology
;
Serum Albumin/administration & dosage
9.Metronidazole-induced encephalopathy in a patient with liver cirrhosis.
Hyeong Cheol CHEONG ; Taek Geun JEONG ; Young Bum CHO ; Bong Joon YANG ; Tae Hyeon KIM ; Haak Cheoul KIM ; Eun Young CHO
The Korean Journal of Hepatology 2011;17(2):157-160
Encephalopathy is a disorder characterized by altered brain function, which can be attributed to various causes. Encephalopathy associated with metronidazole administration occurs rarely and depends on the cumulative metronidazole dose, and most patients with this condition recover rapidly after discontinuation of therapy. Because metronidazole is metabolized in the liver and can be transported by the cerebrospinal fluid and cross the blood-brain barrier, it may induce encephalopathy even at a low cumulative dose in patients with hepatic dysfunction. We experienced a patient who showed ataxic gait and dysarthric speech after receiving metronidazole for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy that was not controlled by the administration of lactulose. The patient was diagnosed as metronidazole-induced encephalopathy, and stopping drug administration resulted in a complete recovery from encephalopathy. This case shows that caution should be exercised when administering metronidazole because even a low dose can induce encephalopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis.
Anti-Infective Agents/*adverse effects/therapeutic use
;
Brain Diseases/*chemically induced/diagnosis
;
Hepatic Encephalopathy/*drug therapy/etiology
;
Humans
;
Liver Cirrhosis/*complications
;
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
;
Male
;
Metronidazole/*adverse effects/therapeutic use
;
Middle Aged
;
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
10.Analysis of severe complications after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for primary hepatocellular carcinoma.
Song-Nian LIANG ; Lin-Lin LIU ; Hong-Ying SU ; Bo FENG ; Guang-Sheng ZHAO ; Ke XU
Chinese Journal of Oncology 2008;30(10):790-792
OBJECTIVETo investigate the cause and treatment as well as prevention measures of rarely occurring severe complications after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for primary hepatic carcinoma.
METHODS573 consecutive patients with primary hepatic carcinoma underwent a total of 1252 TACE procedures from January 2005 to July 2007. All the patients who developed complications after TACE received imaging and biochemical examinations. The cause, treatment and preventive measures of the complications in the 573 cases were analyzed.
RESULTSThere were upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in 3 cases, hepatic failure in 4, pulmonary embolism in 1, cholecystitis in 4, hepatic encephalopathy in 2, gastric perforation in 1, and intrahepatic biloma in 2 cases. Two patients died of the complications: 1 of hepatic failure and 1 of gastric perforation.
CONCLUSIONThe rarely occurring severe complications after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for primary hepatic carcinoma is correlated with poor hepatic function and portal hypertension before therapy, overdose and reflux of chemotherapeutic agents or allotopic chemoembolism, etc. It can be reduced or prevented through careful selection of proper cases before the treatment, close observation, and protection of hepatic function and gastric mucosa after treatment.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; therapy ; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic ; adverse effects ; methods ; Epirubicin ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; etiology ; Hepatic Encephalopathy ; etiology ; Humans ; Iodized Oil ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Liver Failure ; etiology ; Liver Neoplasms ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mitomycin ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Pulmonary Embolism ; etiology ; Young Adult