BACKGROUND: In order to investigate the efficacy and safety of cilazapril, a recently developed angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, a clinical study was performed in the patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. METHODS: The study subject consisted of 31 patients with diastolic blood pressure of 95mmHg~115mmHg (mean age : 56.0+/-8.1 years, 16 males and 15 females). Cilazapril was administered orally in a daily dose of 2.5mg~5.0mg Q.D. for 8 weeks. During cilazapril medication, anti-hypertensive efficacy, side effects and laboratory changes were monitored. RESULTS: Cilazapril decreased blood pressure from baseline value of 162.2+/-4.7/98.4+/-2.8mmHg to 144.6+/-10.0/89.7+/-5.7mmHg after 4weeks of medication (p<0.05) and 138.2+/-4.5/87.8+/-4.0mmHg after 8 weeks of medication (p<0.05). Heart rate change was not significant (72.3+/-4.7/min vs 71.7+/-3.6/min). Body weight change was not significant (66.6+/-9.8 Kg vs 66.8+/-9.9 Kg). There were no significant change in blood chemistry and hematologic examination except mild elevation of alanine transaminase and serum creatinine values but these date were within normal ranges. The side effects were dry cough (4 case, 12.9%), headache (2 case, 6.4%), indigestion (1 case, 3.2%) and dry mouth (1 case, 3.2%). One patient dropped out due to severe dry cough but others were mostly mild in nature. CONCLUSIONS: Cliazapril 2.5mg~5.0mg once daily regimen was effective and well tolerated in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension.
Alanine Transaminase ; Blood Pressure ; Body Weight Changes ; Chemistry ; Cilazapril* ; Cough ; Creatinine ; Dyspepsia ; Headache ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Male ; Mouth ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; Reference Values

BACKGROUND: A burn injury is not only a life-threatening problem for the injured patient but may have serious physical, psychological and financial effects on the individual, the patient's family and society. Despite the high frequency of factors predisposing to burns, preventive measures are few, with a virtual absence of educational campaigns for the population. Thus, the epidemiologic data of patients would be of benefit for the region. OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were to understand burn injuries and to plan effective postburn management. METHODS: We reviewed and analyzed the records of 593 cases of burn patients who were admitted to the department of general surgery in Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital from May 1999 to April 2000. RESULTS: Males were more affected than females ; 69.1% were males and 30.9% were females. The 31-45 age group had the highest rate of burns (36.5%). The most common burn type was by flame burn injury (59.9%), followed by scalding burn injury (24.0%). In 49.6% of the cases, the extent of the burned surface was under 20%. The number of deaths in this study was 39 patients (6.6% of total burn patients). The most frequent cause of death was sepsis (51.2%), followed by ARDS (20.6%), and burn shock (17.9%). When 51-60% of the surface area was burned, the mortality was 16.7%, when over 61% of the surface area was burned, the mortality was 41.4%. CONCLUSION: It is evident that the best approach to rectifying the harm caused by burn injury is prevention.
Burns* ; Cause of Death ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Female ; Heart ; Humans ; Male ; Mortality ; Sepsis ; Shock

Congenital bladder diverticulum usually occurs in areas where the muscle is inadequately formed, typically at the ureterovesical junction, or between bundles of hypertrophied muscle. Congenital bladder diverticulum might be missed in excretory urography, especially in case that primary symptom is not so severe to justify further invasive studies. Physicians should not neglect voiding symptoms in pediatric patients and should have high suspicion of congenital diseases. We report a case of rare congenital bladder diverticulum, misdiagosed as non-neurogenic neurogenic bladder, presenting as nocturnal enuresis, daytime frequency and post-voiding residual urine sensation without vesicoureteral reflux or outlet obstruction.
Diverticulum* ; Enuresis ; Humans ; Nocturnal Enuresis ; Sensation ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic* ; Urography ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of local recurrent soft tissue tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analysed the results of 113 sonographic examinations in 102 patients (38males, 64 females) after surgical treatment of soft tissue tumors (82 malignancies, 20 benignancies) during thelast five years. Follow-up included physical and sonographic examinations using a 5-10MHz transducer every twomonths. In 17 cases, MR images were obtained The criterion for local recurrence was discrete mass, and size,shape, margin, echogenicity, and homogeneity were also analysed. Forty-one patients underwent surgery. RESULTS: Among 113 cases, 41 local recurrences were proven by surgery and histological analysis; well-defined, ovoid,homogeneous hypoechoic masses of various sizes were apparent. Sonographic sensitivity and specificity were both97%. MR sensitivity and specificity were 83% and 100% respectively, but in most cases in which MR had been usedthe masses were greater than 3cm in diameter. Two cases were false positive; these were thought to be granulomas,but were shown during follow-up lasting 36 and 14 months, respectively, to be unchanged hypoechoic nodules. Onecase was false negative. CONCLUSION: For the diagnosis of local recurrent soft tissue tumors, ultrasonography isvery useful. For early detcction, it is superior to MR imaging.
Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Transducers ; Ultrasonography

The CT findings of pulmonary paragonimiasis are well known. However, the pathologic findings of nodular opacity have not been studied sufficiently. To clarify the nature of nodular opacity on CT in patient with paragominiasis, we reviewed CT scans of 9 patients retrospectively. Five of them were compared with pathologic findings of the resected specimen. Other four patients were confirmed by needle aspiration biopsy. CT scans showed nodular opacities of 5 to 30mm in diameter which were accompanied with perinodular air-space consolidations in all patients. The usual location of nodular opacities were peripheral zone of the lung. Correlation with pathologic findings demonstrated That the nodular opacity on CT scans corresponded to the parasitic granuloma with central ova and intracystic worm. The most frequent CT finding of pulmonary paragonimiasis was nodular opacities with perinodular airspace consolidations caused by parasitic granuloma or intracystic worm.
Biopsy, Needle ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Lung ; Needles ; Ovum ; Paragonimiasis ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: Treatment for malignant colonic obstruction consists of a multiple-staged emergency operation. In recent years, some authors have reported low morbidity and mortality rates using self-expandable metallic stents. This study is designed to evaluate the usefulness of self-expandable metallic stents in patients with malignant colonic obstruction. METHODS: The records of 38 patients who had undergone surgery for malignant colonic obstruction at our institution between January 2004 and August 2006 were reviewed retrospectively. Seventeen patients were treated with elective surgery after stent insertion, bowel decompression, and bowel preparation (stent group), and 21 patients were treated with emergency surgery without stent insertion (control group). RESULTS: There were no significant differences in age, sex, tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage, or cancer position between the two groups (elective operation after stent insertion vs. emergency operation). Of the 17 patients who underwent elective operation after stent insertion, primary anastomosis was possible in 15 (88.2 vs. 57.1% in the control group), with a lower need for a colostomy (11.8 vs. 42.9% in the control group, P=0.036). Also, the number of patients with severe complications (17.6 vs. 47.6% in the control group, P=0.048) and the hospital stay (10.82 vs. 13.43 days in the control group, P=0.032) were significantly lower in the study group. CONCLUSION: Placement of a self-expandable metallic stent for malignant colonic obstruction is a safe and effective procedure. It can reduce the colostomy, mortality, and morbidity rates and the hospital fee for treatment.
Colon ; Colostomy ; Decompression ; Emergencies ; Fees and Charges ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Retrospective Studies ; Stents

Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (MC) of the kidney is a rare epithelial tumor originating from the renal pelvic urothelium and few study cases have been reported. Because of the rarity of these tumors and their unknown histogenesis, its diagnosis is difficult until surgical exploration. We report here on a 55-year-old man referred to the urology department from the hepatology department because of a cystic renal mass measuring approximately 5 cm in size, which was detected incidentally under ultrasonography during the routine examination of liver. The renal mass was finally diagnosed as MC originating from kidney after partial nephrectomy and the patient still showed no evidence of recurrence until 12 months postoperatively. This is the first report on a case of renal MC in a patient who underwent partial nephrectomy. The aim of this report is to present our unusual case of MC and also review the previous literature on the pathological and radiological aspects of MC of kidney.
Cystadenocarcinoma, Mucinous* ; Diagnosis ; Gastroenterology ; Humans ; Kidney* ; Liver ; Middle Aged ; Mucins* ; Nephrectomy* ; Recurrence ; Ultrasonography ; Urology ; Urothelium

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of high risk HPV DNA test using PCR for the detection of high-grade CIN or invasive cancer from patients with ASCUS or LSIL on Papanicolaou smear. METHODS: Sixty one patients with a Papanicolaou smear report of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or a low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion underwent Cervical colposcopy and directed cervical biopsy and human papillomavirus test by PCR. We compared the detection rate of the high grade CIN and invasive cancer by Papanicolaou smear method only with that of both Papanicolaou smear and HPV PCR method. and we decided to be significant when P value was below 0.05 by SAS (v 6.02) program. RESULTS: The detection rate of high risk HPV DNA was 50.8% (31/61). The detection rate of high risk HPV DNA in high grade CIN and invasive cancer was 84.2% (16/19). Higher the grade of biopsy, more the detection rate of high risk HPV DNA. False negative rate which appeared high grade CIN or invasive cancer by biopsy was 31.2% (19/61) in Papanicolaou smear method only and 4.9% (3/61) in both Papanicolaou smear and HPV DNA method. CONCLUSION: We thought that additional HPV DNA test was useful to dectect behind high grade CIN or invasive cancer when the Papanicolaou smear result was ASCUS or LSIL.
Biopsy ; Colposcopy ; Diagnosis* ; DNA ; Human Papillomavirus DNA Tests* ; Humans ; Papanicolaou Test ; Polymerase Chain Reaction