No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma*

No abstract available.
Humans

No abstract available.
Animals ; Brain* ; Carbon Monoxide* ; Carbon* ; Rats*

No abstract available.
Ductus Arteriosus* ; Indomethacin*

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as abnormal glucose tolerance diagnosed for the first time during pregnancy. The pathogenesis of GDM is characterized by relatively reduced insulin secretion insufficient to meet the increased insulin demand, which is quite similar to that of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thus GDM is considered to have a common genetic background as type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, only limited information is available for the genetic basis of GDM. In this review article, we will briefly discuss the definition, epidemiologic features, and pathophysiology of GDM. In addition, we will present the data of two recent genetic association studies regarding GDM. Most of the previously proven type 2 diabetes associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms were also associated with the risk of GDM. Rapidly increasing knowledge in genetics of GDM will generate new insights into the pathophysiology, treatment, and prevention of GDM.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Diabetes, Gestational ; Female ; Genetic Association Studies ; Glucose ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Pregnancy

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as abnormal glucose tolerance diagnosed for the first time during pregnancy. The pathogenesis of GDM is characterized by relatively reduced insulin secretion insufficient to meet the increased insulin demand, which is quite similar to that of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thus GDM is considered to have a common genetic background as type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, only limited information is available for the genetic basis of GDM. In this review article, we will briefly discuss the definition, epidemiologic features, and pathophysiology of GDM. In addition, we will present the data of two recent genetic association studies regarding GDM. Most of the previously proven type 2 diabetes associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms were also associated with the risk of GDM. Rapidly increasing knowledge in genetics of GDM will generate new insights into the pathophysiology, treatment, and prevention of GDM.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Diabetes, Gestational ; Female ; Genetic Association Studies ; Glucose ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Pregnancy

To elucidate some DNA adducts as a biological marker for workers of chromate pigment, the effects of chromium exposure on the formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine(8-OH-dG) and sister chromatid exchanges(SCEs) frequency in 38 workers of a pigment plant in Bucheon which utilized lead chromates, were examined. The chromium contents of venous blood and urine were measured as working environmental exposure level. The concentrations of 8-OH-dG in DNA isolated from lymphocytes were determined with high performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detector and denoted as a molar ratio of 8-OH-dG to deoxyguanosine(dG). The SCEs frequency were analyzed in DNA isolated from lymphocytes. A significant correlation was found between creatinine adjusted urine chromium concentration and the molar ratio of 8-OH-dG to dG(r=0.47, p<0.01). After adjusting the current smoking habit, the correlation coefficient was increased(r=0.62, p<0.05). However, there was no significant correlation between the SCE frequency and chromium exposure. This significant results between molar ratio of 8-OH-dG to dG and chromium exposure are in good agreement with in vitro studies that support the importance of DNA adduct formation for the carcinogenic effect of chromium.
Biomarkers ; Chromates ; Chromatids ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Chromium* ; Creatinine ; DNA ; DNA Adducts ; Environmental Exposure ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Molar ; Plants ; Siblings* ; Sister Chromatid Exchange* ; Smoke ; Smoking

The piercing is increasing in western culture, and has also become gradually popular among Korean teenagers recently However, the accident happens sometimes such as loss of a bar into the tongue or mouth floor during the procedure. Because of the rare cases, few treatment of choices can be made when a bar is lost inside the mouth floor. In this case, the bar was removed under fluoroscope, without giving significant damage to the adjacent structure. 18 years old female patient visited the emergency room in our hospital. She attempted to pierce her tongue herself and could not find the bar which was lost in the mouth floor. The radiographs revealed that the needle was somewhere inside the mouth floor, but if incision were to be made it would be too deep to find the bar. The bar was reomoved through fluoroscope easily. Primary closure was done by 5-0 Vicryl and stitch-off was done 1 week later. The patient didn't have any speech problems and complications.
Adolescent ; Emergencies ; Female ; Fluoroscopy ; Humans ; Mouth ; Mouth Floor ; Needles ; Polyglactin 910 ; Tongue

The piercing is increasing in western culture, and has also become gradually popular among Korean teenagers recently However, the accident happens sometimes such as loss of a bar into the tongue or mouth floor during the procedure. Because of the rare cases, few treatment of choices can be made when a bar is lost inside the mouth floor. In this case, the bar was removed under fluoroscope, without giving significant damage to the adjacent structure. 18 years old female patient visited the emergency room in our hospital. She attempted to pierce her tongue herself and could not find the bar which was lost in the mouth floor. The radiographs revealed that the needle was somewhere inside the mouth floor, but if incision were to be made it would be too deep to find the bar. The bar was reomoved through fluoroscope easily. Primary closure was done by 5-0 Vicryl and stitch-off was done 1 week later. The patient didn't have any speech problems and complications.
Adolescent ; Emergencies ; Female ; Fluoroscopy ; Humans ; Mouth ; Mouth Floor ; Needles ; Polyglactin 910 ; Tongue

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a complex metabolic disorder of pregnancy that is suspected to have a strong genetic predisposition. It is associated with poor perinatal outcome, and both GDM women and their offspring are at increased risk of future development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). During the past several years, there has been progress in finding the genetic risk factors of GDM in relation to T2DM. Some of the genetic variants that were proven to be significantly associated with T2DM are also genetic risk factors of GDM. Recently, a genome-wide association study of GDM was performed and reported that genetic variants in CDKAL1 and MTNR1B were associated with GDM at a genome-wide significance level. Current investigations using next-generation sequencing will improve our insight into the pathophysiology of GDM. It would be important to know whether genetic information revealed from these studies could improve our prediction of GDM and the future development of T2DM. We hope further research on the genetics of GDM would ultimately lead us to personalized genomic medicine and improved patient care.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Diabetes, Gestational ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Patient Care ; Pregnancy ; Risk Factors