Central nervous system impairment is common in diabetic patients, even in the early stages of the disease, and could be associated with peripheral neuropathy. The aims of this study were to prospectively investigate central nerve conduction in young adults with type 1 diabetes using pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials (PRVEP) and to determine how those results were related to clinical risk factors and the parameters of the peripheral nerve conduction study (NCS). A total of 36 type 1 diabetic patients (15 males) 5-24 years of age (mean 14.5 ± 4.7) underwent PRVEP and NCS annually for five years. For comparison, 39 healthy age and sex matched individuals (mean 14.8 ± 5.0) were evaluated as the control group. The P100 latencies of the PRVEP were prolonged at the study entry in the patients compared with the controls (p< 0.001). Significant correlations were not found between any of the parameters of PRVEP and the glycosylated hemoglobin levels; however, the changes in the parameters of the peripheral NCS were well correlated with metabolic control. The latencies and amplitudes of the P100 were not related to the majority of the parameters of the NCS. A prolonged PRVEP latency may be a sign of optic pathway dysfunction, which begins before apparent diabetic retinopathy. Poor glycemic control proved to be an important risk factor over the 5 years in terms of its relation to the development of peripheral neural pathway abnormalities. However, once central conduction was delayed, its changes were poorly related to diabetic control and the attributes of the peripheral nerve conduction study over the 5-year follow-up.
Diabetes Mellitus

No abstract available.
Denture Liners* ; Dentures*

No abstract available.
Cerebral Palsy* ; Child* ; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory* ; Humans

PURPOSE: To determine the risk factors of intraoperative complications in femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery. METHODS: This study included 598 eyes of 337 patients who underwent femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) between July, 2012 and January, 2017. All eyes had corneal incisions, anterior capsulotomy, nuclear fragmentation, and limbal relaxing incisions (if required). Intraoperative complications were analyzed by watching videos, and the related factors of each complication were retrospectively reviewed alongside the medical records. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 62.1 ± 11.9 years. Among the study group, 18 eyes required manual creation of corneal incisions; because the corneal incisions could not be made due to corneal central opacity, corneal peripheral degeneration, ptreygium, conjunctival chalasis, or idiopathic. The anterior capsulotomy was incomplete in 43 cases and manual capsulorrhexis was required for completion. These cases were associated with various conditions, including hypermature cataract, anterior polar or subcapsular cataract, corneal central opacity, pupillary abnormality, lens subluxation, poor pupil dilation, and idiopathic. Overall, 22 eyes had difficulties with nuclear fragmentation, with either mature cataract, lens subluxation, corneal central opacity, anterior polar or subcapsular cataract, or pupillary abnormality. Using the Laser SoftFit™ patient interface decreased the incidences of incomplete corneal incision (from 3.56% to 2.24%, p = 0.367), anterior capsulotomy (from 9.31% to 4.03%, p < 0.05), and nuclear fragmentation (from 5.20% to 1.34%, p < 0.05). The incidences of complications in the experienced group was statistically lower compared with the novice group (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). CONCLUSIONS: The femtosecond laser platform was effective and safe for cataract surgery. However, in the presence of related factors, use of this platform might need to be re-assessed and should be considered for intraoperative complications. Additionally, with the Laser SoftFit™ patient interface and improved surgeon experience, better intraoperative results can be expected for FLACS surgery.
Capsulorhexis ; Cataract* ; Corneal Opacity ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intraoperative Complications ; Lens Subluxation ; Medical Records ; Pupil ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors*

No abstract available.
Candida albicans* ; Candida* ; Dentures* ; Detergents*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight* ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy* ; Premature Birth*

Menetrier's disease is characterized by enlarged gastric folds with foveolar hyperplasia and cystic dilatation of gastric glands. The additional biochemical features of hypoproteinemia, hypochlorhydria, and increased gastric mucus are often encountered. The pathogenesis and etiologic factors have not been clearly defined. In this report, we present two cases of Menetrier's disease in the stomach, one occurring in a 38-year-old male, associated with massive hematemesis, and the other in a 39-year-old male. Grossly, both cases showed marked giant gastric rugal folds resembling cerebral convolutions, sparing the antral portion. Microscopically, the giant gastric rugal folds consisted of the striking foveolar hyperplasia accompanied by an occasional presence of the smooth muscle fibers from the muscularis mucosa. The immunohistochemical stain revealed an intense positive reaction for transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) in the majority of mucous cells throughout the gastric mucosa and parietal cells, but did not reveal for epidermal growth factor (EGF). We suggested that TGF-alpha and EGF-R might be involved in the pathogenesis of Menetrier's disese.
Achlorhydria ; Adult ; Dilatation ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; Gastric Mucosa ; Gastritis, Hypertrophic* ; Hematemesis ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Hypoproteinemia ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Mucous Membrane ; Mucus ; Muscle, Smooth ; Rabeprazole ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Stomach ; Strikes, Employee ; Transforming Growth Factor alpha

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of steroid in the neuroma plays a key role in the development of neuropathic pain. METHOD: Materials consisted of 21 male Sprague-Dawley rats (8 weeks old, 180~200 g), which were divided into a steroid (n=9) and control group (n=12). Neuropathic pain was produced by unilateral transection of the superior caudal trunks at the level between the S3 and S4 spinal nerves. We compared two groups of rats, the steroid group injecting 1 ml (40 mg) of Methylprednisolone (Depo-Medrol), and the control group injecting 1 ml of nomal saline on operation site just after operation. Behavioral reactions to mechanical allodynia were checked using a von Frey hairs of 2.0 g (19.6 mN) bending force at pre-operation, post-operative 1, 4, 7, 10 & 14 day to evaluate the steroid effect on the development of neuropathic pain. RESULTS: The steroid group exhibited less tail-flick frequencies to mechanical stimulation: 14.8+/-17.0%, 28.1+/-18.3%, 38.1+/-28.3% at post-operative 4, 7, 10 days respectively in control group; 30.3+/-21.2% 43.6+/-21.3%, 47.2+/-20.8% at post-operative 4, 7, 10 days, respectively. But there was no significant difference between both groups at post-operative 14 days. The steriod reduced the pain at early stage of neuropathic pain development, but failed to decrease the pain level in late stage. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the steroid induced anti-inflammatory effect in the injured neuroma is not a key factor in the development of neuropathic pain.
Animals ; Hair ; Humans ; Hyperalgesia ; Male ; Methylprednisolone ; Models, Theoretical* ; Neuralgia* ; Neuroma ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spinal Nerves

No abstract available.
Diabetes Mellitus* ; Humans ; Tibial Nerve*

No abstract available.
Scoliosis*