No abstract available.
Finite Element Analysis* ; Prostheses and Implants* ; Tooth*

BACKGROUND: Bupivacaine is a amide type local anesthetic agent, widely used for its excellent quality of analgesia and long duration of action. But unintended intravenous injection causes severe complication such as convulsion and cardiovascular collapse, which is known for its difficulty in resuscitation. With all the study, the exact mechanism is still unclear and there are much debate on the method of resuscitation. METHOD: We studied the effect of clonidine pretreatment on bupivacaine-induced cardiac toxicity and resuscitation in anesthetized dog. Twelve dogs were divided into two groups. : saline pretreatment group (control, N=6) and clonidine pretreatment group (clonidine group, N=6). The dogs were anesthetized with N2O-O2-enflurane and vecuronium. Thoracotomy was done in 4th or 5th intercostal space for open cardiac massage. After confirming stability of vital signs, we administered clonidine (10 mcg/kg) or saline, and then administered bupivacaine with the rate of 2 mg/kg/min. When the electeocardiogram showed asystole, 20 mcg/kg of epinephrine was administered via central venous line and open cardiac massage with the rate of 120 beat/min. was performed. We observed electrocardiogram (lead II), arterial blood pressure, heart rate, dose of infused bupivacaine to be required for QRS widening and arrest, required time and administered dose of epinephrine for resuscitation. RESULTS: Clonidine group showed significant decrease of heart rate after pretreatment (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in required dose for QRS widening between two groups. The dose administered for inducing arrest was less in clonidine group than control group (p<0.05). The time required for resuscitation was shorter in clonidine group than control group (p<0.05). The total dose of epinephrine required for resuscitation was less in clonidine group than control group (p<0.05). The blood concentration of catecholamine did not showed significant difference during the whole course of experiment. CONCLUSIONS: Above results demonstrated that clonidine, a central nervous system-mediated sympatholytic agent, facilitated cardiac arrest when bupivacaine was infused intravenously and cardiac rescucitation.
Analgesia ; Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Bupivacaine ; Clonidine* ; Dogs* ; Electrocardiography ; Epinephrine ; Heart Arrest ; Heart Massage ; Heart Rate ; Injections, Intravenous ; Resuscitation* ; Seizures ; Thoracotomy ; Vecuronium Bromide ; Vital Signs

PURPOSE: To evaluate the radiological and clinical outcomes of the operative treatment for the unstable distal radius fractures with displaced ulnar styloid process fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 2002 to 2005, 17 patients with unstable distal radius fractures with displaced ulnar styloid process fractures were treated operatively, using external fixation or internal fixation for distal radius and open reduction with tension band wiring for ulnar styloid process fractures. We evaluated postoperative outcomes with Mayo wrist score, range of motion, ulnar side wrist pain, wrist stress test, grip strength as well as radiological evaluation. RESULTS: All ulnar styloid process fractures were completely united, and according to Mayo wrist score, 7 cases(41%) were excellent, 8 cases(47%) were good. 14 cases(82%) had no ulnar wrist pain and 15 cases(88%) had grip strength more than 50% when compared with the normal side. Posterior instability of ulnar head occurred at 1 case. CONCLUSION: We got acceptable clinical and radiological results of operative treatment of ulnar styloid process fractures and concluded that ulnar styloid process fractures combined with distal radius fractures should be carefully evaluated and treated operatively according to their fracture types.
Exercise Test ; Hand Strength ; Head ; Humans ; Radius ; Radius Fractures ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Wrist

PURPOSE: With increasing prevalence of hypertension (HTN) in children and adolescent, pediatricians have become more interested in blood pressure (BP) measurements. The ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is known to be useful to differentiate true HTN and white coat HTN. The object of this study is to assess the clinical usefulness of ABPM in Korean children and adolescents. METHODS: A retrospective review of 51 patients in Kyungpook National University Hospital from January 2002 to February 2010 was done. All patients were 6-18 years old and underwent ABPM. We calculated the mean value of ABP, BP load, nocturnal dip and compared the results with the patients' diagnosis and characteristics. RESULTS: The mean age of the 51 patients was 17.8+/-1.8 years and 19 children were obese. 37 patients (72.5%) were truly hypertensive and 1 patient was diagnosed as masked HTN and 7 children (14%) as white coat HTN. The rest of the patients were normotensive. Among patients with white coat HTN, 5 were in a prehypertensive state. Mean systolic and diastolic BP load of patients with true HTN were significantly higher than non-hypertensive children (P<0.001). Although the nocturnal dip of all patients were below 10%, there was no statistical significance. The obese patients showed higher systolic and diastolic BP. Their systolic and diastolic BP load were significantly higher than non-obese patients (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: ABPM in children and adolescents seems to be a valuable tool in the assessment of white coat HTN and in the confirmation of true HTN. A considerable number of white coat HTN patients are revealed to be in a prehypertensive state and need close follow-up.
Adolescent ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory ; Child ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Masks ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVE: PCB cervical instrument is a newly introduced fusion device which comprises cervical plate, cage (spacer) and screw system. It is developed to enhance fusion rate and stability, as well as to reduce complications related to hardware failure. We investigated the efficacy of clinical and radiological results of PCB instrument and Lubboc bone. METHODS: From August, 1998 to October, 1999, authors performed 54 cases of anterior cervical interbody fusion with PCB instrument and Lubboc bone. Retrospective analysis was undertaken based on clinical and radiological findings. Clinical improvement was evaluated according to Odom's criteria. Cervical plain films and tomography were taken every 2 months to evaluate the degree of interbody fusion and disc height changes. RESULTS: Bone fusion was observed in 36 cases(90%) over 6 months after operation, and during which time there was no significant interval change. There were 3 cases of hardware dislodgement. Disc height was increased significantly and preserved in all cases. Clinical outcome over good degree was seen more than 94% of patients. CONCLUSION: Longer follow-up period and comparative studies to similar instrument appear to be necessary, but this instrumentation system has shown high fusion rate and fewer adverse effects in our series. We believe this system might be indicated for the treatment of cervical trauma and degenerative disease in selective cases.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) commonly occurs in women, and it causes enormous impact on quality of life. Surgery, drugs, and exercise have been recommended for the treatment of this disease. Among these exercise is also known to be effective for relieving thesymptoms of SUI, however, the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of exercise on SUI are poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the effect of treadmill exercise on abdominal leak-point pressure and neuronal activity in the medial preoptic nucleus (MPA), ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG), and pontine micturition center (PMC) following urethrolysis in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250+/-10 g (9 weeks old), were used in this study. After having undergone transabdominal urethrolysis to induce SUI, the rats were divided into three groups (n=6 in each group): a sham operation group, an SUI-induced group, and an SUI-induced and treadmill exercise group. The rats in the exercise group performed treadmill running for 30 min once a day starting 2 weeks after the induction of SUI and continuing for 4 weeks after surgery. For this study, determination of abdominal leak point pressure and immunohistochemistry for c-Fos in the brain were performed. RESULTS: Induction of transabdominal urethrolysis significantly reduced the abdominal leak point pressure, thereby contributing to the induction of SUI. In contrast, abdominal leak point pressure was significantly improved by treadmill exercise. The expression of c-Fosin the MPA, vlPAG, and PMC, the brain areas relating to micturition, was enhanced by the induction of SUI, whereas treadmill exercise significantly suppressed SUI-induced c-Fos expression, suggesting that neuronal activation in the micturition centers was suppressed by treadmill exercise. CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that treadmill exercise may be an effective therapeutic modality for ameliorating the symptoms of SUI.
Adult ; Animals ; Brain ; Exercise Test ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neurons ; Periaqueductal Gray ; Quality of Life ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Running ; Salicylamides ; Urinary Incontinence ; Urination

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics of mucinous borderline tumor associated with mature cystic teratoma and the origin of its cell type. METHODS: Five patients who were diagnosed as mucinous borderline tumor associated with mature cystic teratoma and treated in Samsung Cheil Hospital from January 1996 to September 2004 were analyzed. In addition MEDLINE, other data bases in English as well as in Korean revealed two more cases. We analyzed the result with patient's characteristics, preoperative symptoms, mass sizes, serum CA-125, operative procedure, stages, recurrence and survival period. Histological slides of the specimens were analysed for expression of cytokeratin (CK)-7 and cytokeratin (CK)-20 by immunohistochemical staining to know the origin of the cell. RESULTS: The mean age was 45 years (25-61 years). Preoperative symptoms were palpable abdominal mass, abdominal pain and urinary frequency. The mean level of CA-125 was 46.05 U/mL and the mean tumor size was 16.75 cm (8.8-22.0 cm). Post surgical FIGO staging was; stage Ia in 6 cases, stage Ic in 1 case. Four cases were CK7(-)/CK20(+), reflecting gastrointestinal origin, and also showed pattern of pseudomyxoma peritoneii. Mean survival period was 32.7 months (6-67 months) without evidence of recurrence, except one case. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that mucinous borderline tumor associated with mature cystic teratoma, is diagnosed at relatively young age and early stage, associated with good prognosis.
Abdominal Pain ; Female ; Humans ; Keratins ; Mucins* ; Ovary* ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Teratoma*

OBJECTIVE: To compare the incidence and clinical characteristics of tuberculosis (tbc) between patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and kidney transplantation (KT) recipients. METHODS: Six hundreds and twenty-two patients who were diagnosed as SLE from 1990 to 2001 in Kang-Nam St. Mary's hospital were reviewed, retrospectively. As a control group, 347 kidney transplant recipients in the same center were evaluated. The extent of tbc was categorized into two groups: (1) limited disease (2) extensive disease. Cumulative steroid dosage and disease activity index including SLEDAI, serum complement levels, and anti-dsDNA titers were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The cumulative incidence rate of tbc was similar in both groups (37 cases and 5.7% in SLE versus 17 cases and 4.9% in KT). Mean interval from SLE diagnosis or KT to tbc development was not different between the two groups. The most common site of tbc was lung/pleura, and the others included lymph nodes (2 cases), knee joint (1), bone marrow (1), central nervous system (1), kidney (1), colon (1), liver (1), and skin (1) in SLE. In contrast, most of tbc (16/17) developed exclusively in the lung and pleura in KT recipients. Cumulative doses of prednisolone 1 or 6 months before tbc diagnosis were not different between the two groups. Interestingly, extensive disease tended to be more frequent in SLE patients than in KT recipients although immuno-suppressants such as cyclosporine and azathioprine were more frequently administered in KT recipients. There were no differences in disease activity index including SLEDAI, complement levels, and anti-ds DNA titers at the time of tbc diagnosis as well as in the cumulative doses of steroid between extensive and limited diseases of tbc in SLE. CONCLUSION: The cumulative incidence rate of tbc was higher in SLE patients than in general population. The patterns of tbc tended to be more extensive in SLE compared to KT recipients in whom a stronger immuno-suppression was required, suggesting that immune dysfunction implicated by SLE itself may play an important role in determining the incidence and patterns of tbc infection.
Azathioprine ; Bone Marrow ; Central Nervous System ; Colon ; Complement System Proteins ; Cyclosporine ; Diagnosis ; DNA ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Kidney Transplantation ; Knee Joint ; Liver ; Lung ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic* ; Lymph Nodes ; Pleura ; Prednisolone ; Retrospective Studies* ; Skin ; Transplantation ; Tuberculosis*

Background: Psoriasis imposes a significant treatment burden on patients, particularly impacting well-being and quality of life (QoL). The psychosocial impact of psoriasis treatments remains unexplored in most patient populations. Objective: To assess the impact of adalimumab on health-related QoL (HRQoL) in Korean patients with psoriasis. Methods: This 24-week, multicenter, observational study, assessed HRQoL in Korean patients treated with adalimumab in a real-world setting. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) including European Quality of Life-5 Dimension scale (EQ-5D), EQ-5D VAS, SF-36, and DLQI were evaluated at week 16 and 24, versus baseline. Patient satisfaction was assessed using TSQM. Results: Among 97 enrolled patients, 77 were assessed for treatment effectiveness. Most patients were male (52, 67.5%) and mean age was 45.4 years. Median baseline body surface area and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores were 15.00 (range 4.00~80.00) and 12.40 (range 2.70~39.40), respectively. Statistically significant improvements in all PROs were observed between baseline and week 24. Mean EQ-5D score improved from 0.88 (standard deviation [SD], 0.14) at baseline to 0.91 (SD, 0.17) at week 24 (p=0.0067). The number of patients with changes in PASI 75, 90, or 100 from baseline to week 16 and 24 were 65 (84.4%), 17 (22.1%), and 1 (1.3%); and 64 (83.1%), 21 (27.3%), and 2 (2.6%), respectively. Overall treatment satisfaction was reported, including effectiveness and convenience. No unexpected safety findings were noted. Conclusion Adalimumab improved QoL and was well-tolerated in Korean patients with moderate to severe psoriasis, as demonstrated in a real-world setting. Clinical trial registration number (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03099083).

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Chronic gastritis is a common finding during endoscopy and it is very important to describe it correctly. This study was designed to evaluate the distribution of endoscopic gastritis and the differences according to age, sex or area. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A clinical analysis was conducted on 25,536 subjects who had undergone an upper endoscopy for routine health check-up. Endoscopic gastritis was classified into four types, superficial gastritis, erosive gastritis, atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. The distribution of the four types of gastritis was evaluated according to sex, age and area. RESULTS: 51.6% of the patients had experienced at least one of the symptoms (epigastric pain or discomfort, soarness, dyspepsia, abdominal pain) on at least a few occasions during the previous year. The incidence of normal gastric finding was 3,593 (14.1%). 21,943 (85.9%) subjects have at least more than one of endoscopic gastritis. The number of cases with superficial gastritis was 7,983 (31.3%), erosive gastritis 6,054 (23.7%), atrophic gastritis 6,918 (27.1%), and intestinal metaplasia 1,181 (7.1%). Erosive gastritis, atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia were more frequent in men than women (P<0.001) and in the older age group (> or =60 years) than younger age group (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of endoscopic gastritis was very common, 85.9%. In addition, erosive gastritis, atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia were more frequent in men and in the older age group, which is similar to gastric cancer or peptic ulcer. Cautious regular endoscopic follow-up might be necessary regardless of gastrointestinal symptoms in Korea.
Dyspepsia ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Gastritis ; Gastritis, Atrophic ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Male ; Metaplasia ; Peptic Ulcer ; Prevalence ; Stomach Neoplasms