24-hour ambulatory ECG monitoring has been examined for the evaluation of heart rate and longest pause in 34 patients with chronic atrial fibrillation (20 patients treated with digoxin and 14 patients without treatment). Following results were obtained: 1. In 34 patients, the mean of average heart rates was 75.7±13.8/minute, fastest heart rates 148.0±32.4/minute, slowest heart rates 48.1±8.4/minute, difference between fastest and slowest heart rates in individual patients 99.9±29.0/minute and longest pauses 2.95±1.06seconds. The longest pauses of more than 4.0 seconds occurred in 4 of the 34 patients and made an exception of comparison groups. 2. In 27 of the 34 patients, ventricular premature contractures were developed and in 11 of 27, mainly occurred less than 100/24 hours and aberrant conduction occurred in all patients. 3. In 20 patients treated with digoxin (0.25 mg/day), the mean of average heart rates was 78.4±13.7/minute, fastest heart rates 152.5±33.1/minute, slowest heart rates 48.9±8.5/minute, difference between fastest and slowest heart rates in individual patients 103.6±31.7/minute and longest pauses 2.55±0.50 seconds. 4. In 10 patients without treatment, the mean of average heart rates was 78.0±10.7/minute, fastest heart rates 154.5±26.8/minute, slowest heart rates 50.6±7.1/minute, difference between fastest and slowest heart rates in individual patients 103.9±22.2/minute and longest pauses 2.66±0.39 seconds. 5. The difference of heart rates and longest pauses between patients with treatment and without treatment were statistically not significant (P>0.05). In summary, authors seemed to consider that 24-hour ambulatory ECG was useful and safe method for clinical evaluation of patients with chronic atrial fibrillation.
Atrial Fibrillation* ; Contracture ; Digoxin ; Electrocardiography* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Methods

No abstract available.
Gallbladder* ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

No abstract available.
Ulcer*

No abstract available.
Humans* ; Ovarian Neoplasms* ; Tamoxifen*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different thread designs on the marginal bone stresses around dental implant. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Standard ITI implant(ITI Dental Implant System; Straumann AG, Waldenburg, Switzerland), 4.1 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length, was selected as control. Test implants of four different thread patterns were created based on control implant, i.e. maintaining all geometrical design of control implant except thread pattern. Four thread designs used in test implants include (1) small V-shape screw (model A), (2) large V-shape screw (model B), (3) buttress screw (model C), and (4) trapezoid screw (model D). Surface area for unit length of implant was 14.4 mm2 (control), 21.7 (small V-shape screw), 20.6 (large V-shape screw), 17.0 (buttress screw) and 28.7 mm2 (trapezoid screw). Finite element models of implant/bone complex were created using an axisymmetric scheme with the use of NISA II/DISPLAY III (Engineering Mechanics Research Corporation, Troy, MI, USA). A load of 100 N applied to the central node on the crown top either in parallel direction or at 30 degree to the implant axis (in order to apply non-axial load to the implant NKTP type 34 element was employed). Quantification and comparison of the peak stress in the marginal bone of each implant model was made using a series of regression analyses based on the stress data calculated at the 5 reference points which were set at 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 mm from implant wall on the marginal bone surface. RESULTS: Results showed that although severe stress concentration on the marginal bone cannot be avoided a substantial reduction in the peak stress is achievable using different thread design. The peak marginal bone stresses under vertical loading condition were 7.84, 6.45, 5.96, 6.85, 5.39 MPa for control and model A, B, C and D, respectively. And 29.18, 26.45, 25.12, 27.37, 23.58 MPa when subject to inclined loading. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the thread design is an important influential factor to the marginal bone stresses.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Crowns ; Dental Implants ; Finite Element Analysis ; Mechanics

PURPOSE: This study was to investigate how the crestal module design could affect the level of marginal bone stress around dental implant. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A submerged implant of 4.1 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length was selected as baseline model (Dentis Co., Daegu,Korea).A total of 5 experimental implants of different crestal modules were designed (Type I model : with microthread at the cervical 3 mm, Type II model : the same thread pattern as Type I but with a trans-gingival module, Type III model: the same thread pattern as the control model but with a trans-gingival module, Type IV model: one piece system with concave transgingival part, Type V model: equipped with beveled platform). Stress analysis was conducted with the use of axisy mmetric finite element modeling scheme. A force of 100 N was applied at 30 degrees from the implant axis. RESULTS: Stress analysis has shown no stress concentration around the marginal bone for the control model. As compared to the control model, the stress levels of 0.2 mm areas away from the recorded implant were slightly lower in Type I and Type IV models, but higher in Type II, Type III and Type V models. As compared to 15.09 MPa around for the control model, the stress levels were 14.78 MPa, 18.39 MPa, 21.11 MPa, 14.63 MPa, 17.88 MPa in the cases of Type I, II, III, IV and V models. CONCLUSION: From these results, the conclusion was drawn that the microthread and the concavity with either crestal or trans-gingival modules maybe used in standard size dental implants to reduce marginal bone stress.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Dental Implants ; Implants, Experimental

PURPOSE: The present study was aimed to evaluate the level of cortical bone strain during the placement of an implant. The primary concern was to investigate if the extent of overloading area near the marginal bone could be affected by microthread fabricated at the cervical 1/3 of an implant. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three dimensional finite element analysis was used to simulate the insertion of 3 implants. Control model was 4.1 x 10 mm implant (Submerged model, Dentis Co,, Daegu, Korea) equipped with a main thread only. Type I was with main thread and microthread, and Type II had similar thread pattern but was of tapered body. A PC-based finite element software (DEFORM 3D ver 5, SFTC, Columbus, OH, USA) was used to calculate a total of 3,600 steps of analysis, which simulated the whole insertion. RESULTS: Results showed that the strain field in the marginal bone within 1 mm of the implant wall was higher than 4,000 micro-strain in the control model. The size of bone overloading was 1-1.5 mm in Type I, and greater than 2 mm in Type II implants. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the marginal bone may be at the risk of resorption on receiving the implant for all 3 implant models studied. Yet, the risk was greater for Type I and Type II implants, which had microthread at the cervical 1/3.
Finite Element Analysis ; Sprains and Strains

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease resulting from infection of oligodendrocytes with JC virus. PML was a rare disease, but nowadays not uncommon as AIDS prevailed. Histopathologic features of the affected lesion shows infiltrations of foamy macrophages and hyperchromatic, pleomorphic, reactive astrocytes that may raise the suspicion of a brain tumor. We recently met with 3 cases of PML. Two of the patients had AIDS and the other had been treated for lymphoma. All cases were diagnosed by histopathologic examination in stereotactic brain biopsies.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Astrocytes ; Biopsy ; Brain ; Brain Neoplasms ; Demyelinating Diseases ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host* ; JC Virus ; Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal* ; Lymphoma ; Macrophages ; Oligodendroglia ; Rare Diseases

Calcifying fibrous pseudotumors are rare soft-tissue lesions pathologically characterized by hyalinized collagen, psammomatous or dystrophic calcification, and lympho-plasmacyte infiltration. They are clinically benign with an extremely low rate of recurrence and complete surgical resection is known to be the treatment of choice. We performed the resection of a calcifying fibrous pseudotumors in the anterior mediastinum without complications.
Collagen ; Hyalin ; Mediastinal Neoplasms ; Mediastinum ; Recurrence

Calcifying fibrous pseudotumors are rare soft-tissue lesions pathologically characterized by hyalinized collagen, psammomatous or dystrophic calcification, and lympho-plasmacyte infiltration. They are clinically benign with an extremely low rate of recurrence and complete surgical resection is known to be the treatment of choice. We performed the resection of a calcifying fibrous pseudotumors in the anterior mediastinum without complications.
Collagen ; Hyalin ; Mediastinal Neoplasms ; Mediastinum ; Recurrence