Objective To explore the posibility of removing the jugular tubercle precisely and design a new far-lateral supraeondylar keyhole approach based on keyhole idea.Methods Eight cadaveric heads fixed by 10% formalin and perfused intracranial vessels with colored silicone were used in this study.Before the operation,navigation data of these cadaveric heads were established and circumscriptions of jugular tuber- cle were outlined in the navigation system in order to aid drilling it in operation.A 7cm longitudinal“S”shaped skin incision as we reported was performed.After inverting suboccipital muscles and exposing the far lateral of the occipital bone,occipital condyle,jugular tubercle,hemilamina of C_1,vertebral artery and pos- terolateral portion of foramen magnum,a 3cm retro-condylar bone window was made.Under the microscope, anatomic structures were observed and important structures were measured after jugular tubercle removal assis- ted by neuro-navigation.Results The 7cm longitudinal“S”shaped skin incision with its superior border 2cm behind the middle point of mastoid and inferior margin at the level of C_2 can fully meet the needs of the far-lateral supracondylar keyhole approach;jugular tubercle can be drilled satisfactorily with the help of neuro- navigation;inferior segment of basilar artery[long(15.65?1.34)mm]and anterior inferior cerebellar artery [long(20.36?4.18)mm] can be exposed.Conchlsion Owing to the area of middle clivus is increasingly exposed after removal of jugular tubercle,it is feasible to perform the far-lateral supracondylar keyhole ap- proach on the operations of vertebral-basilar artery aneurysm,anterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm and tumor located inferior and middle clivi or jugular foramen.

Intraspinal tumors with kinds of pathological type are common in clinic, whose first option of the treatment is the surgical resection.In recent years, neurosurgeons pay more attention to the postoperative stability of spine biomechanics on the basis of the total resection of the tumors.This paper reviews the approaches in intraspinal tumors resection and the methods of the reconstruction of spinal stability postoperatively which influence the stability of spine biomechanics most.

Objective To explore the clinical application of keyhole craniotomy microsurgery in neurosurgery. Methods Corresponding keyhole approach operation was employed in 13 cases of sellar region tumor, 6 cases of meningoma, 5 cases of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage, 2 cases of glioma of corpus callosum, 2 cases of acoustic neuroma, 1 case of metastatic cerebral tumor, 1 case of epidural hematoma and 1 case of C 2 intravertebral tumor. Results Among the 25 cases, total resection was accomplished in 19 cases and subtotal resection, 6 cases. Lesions were all thoroughly cleared away in 5 cases of cerebral hemorrhage and 1 case of epidural hematoma. One case of acoustic neuroma died of re-bleeding in the lesion on the 3rd postoperative day. Subcutaneous dropsy took place in 2 cases and transient diabetes insipidus occurred in 3 cases. Conclusions Keyhole craniotomy microsurgery has the advantages of minimal exposure, micro-invasion, fewer complications and faster recovery.

Glioma is an important cause of death in adults and children among the most common neural malignancies,with high morbidity and mortality in primary brain tumors.Despite advances in radiation and chemotherapy following surgical resection of the tumor,the median survival time of glioma remains poor.The effects of miR-21expression on tumor growth and invasion via regulating the pathways in human glioma cells,which regulate the expression of some small molecule.This review is mainly focused on the discovery of the correlation between microRNA-21 (miR-21) and glioma and the important role in the resistance of cancer cells to radiation and chemotherapeutic agents.

Objective To explore the differences of curative effect and short-term prognosis to severe traumatic brain injury patients with three different early postoperative nutritional supports.Methods A retrospective study was performed on 60 severe traumatic brain injury patients received in Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit of Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital from July 2014 to July 2016.A total of 60 cases were randomly divided into the early enteral nutrition support therapy group,the early parenteral nutrition group,and the early compound nutrition group.The clinical indicators such as basic clinical characteristics before treatment,the nutrition data in two weeks,the length of stay in the Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit,complications and GCS scores between the three groups were observed and analyzed.Results The indicators of early compound nutrition group were fasting blood-glucose (5.74 ± 0.64) mmol/L,prealbumin(203.80 ± 10.45) mg/L,total serum protein(61.99 ± 1.34) g/L,blood hemoglobin (114.53 ± 2.69) g/L,C-reactive protein(0.37 ± 0.06) mg/dl.The length of stay in Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit was (11.6 ± 0.42) days in the compound nutrition group while those in the early enteral nutrition group was (13.20 ±0.42) days and those in the early parenteral nutrition group was(14.65 ± 0.42) days.The postoperative complications of the compound nutrition group were significantly lower than other two groups.The GCS scores of early compound nutrition group was(11.40 ± 1.60),which was the best in three groups.The differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Early compound nutrition support has an exact curative effect on postoperative severe traumatic brain injury patients in Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit.It can obviously improve the nutrition status of patients with less complications,shorter length of stay in Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit,higher safety and lower degree of coma,worth clinical promotion.

Objective: To explore the effect of single-nostril transsphenoidal approach on pituitary adenoma. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 46 cases of pituitary tumors treated with single-nostril transsphenoidal approach and the effects and complications of surgery.Dunng the surgery,a nasal speculum was inserted through right nostril slowly towards the anterior wall of sphenoid sinus.A nasal mucosa incision of about 1.5cm was made in the right nasal cavity at the level of the middle nasal turbinate.With a fracture of the bony septum,a space was developed between the bilateral nasal mucosa and bony septum to the sphenoid sinus.Then,the face of the sphenoid sinus was exposed.The remainder of the bony septum,the anterior sphenoid sinus wall,and the sphenoid mucosa were removed.The antenor sphenoidotomy should be less than 1.5cm wide.After confirming the tumor by dural puncture,a cross incision of dura was made and the tumor was removed.The saddle was usually Collapsed and visible after total tumor removal.When the tumor was resected,sevaral gelatin sponges were stuffed into the Surgical cavity to stop bleeding. Results: Thirty-four cases had total resection and 12 cases had subtotal resection.No deaths or disability occurred.Hormone levels in almost all patients were improved.Seventeen cases had a sign of diabetes insipidus.Electrolyte disturbance occuwed in 5 cases.NO postoperative cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea was observed. Conclusion: Single-nostril transsphenoidal approach has many advantages in treating pituitary adenomas such as simplified approach,brief technology and high security.

Objective To construct a lentiviral vector containing mir-7-3 gene and green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene,and to detect the expression of mir-7-3 gene in U251 cells.Methods The fragments containing all the mir-7-3 gene were amplified by RT-PCR and were cloned into the lentivirus vectors labeled with GFP,which was transfected together with the packaging plasmids into 293T cells by CaC12.The supernatant was collected,concentrated,identified,and was transfected to U251 cells of gliomas.Fluorescent microscopy was used to observe the fluorescence in the 293T cell,and real time RT-PCR was used to examine the relative contents of mir-7-3 in U251 cells.Results Electrophores was shown that the sequence of the RT-PCR product was consistent with the data of mir-7-3 by DNA sequence analysis,indicating that the mir-7-3 gene was successfully cloned,and strong green fluorescence was observed by fluorescent microscopy.The supernatant of lentivirus-transfected 293T cells effectively infected U251 cells and the relative content of mir-7-3 was observed in the transfected U251 cells.Conclusion It is concluded that the lentiviral vector containing mir-7-3 gene was constructed successfully,which provides a basis for further study of mir-7-3 function.

Objective To investigate the value of bispectral index and intracranial pressure monitoring in evaluation of postoperative consciousness and short-term prognosis in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.Methods A simple random sampling method was used in 30 cases of brain trauma coma patients in the People's Hospital of Northern Jiangsu Province from January 2014 to December 2014.Glasgow coma scale (GCS) were evaluated at intervals of 8 hours,GCS were recorded for 3 days after surgery,The bispectral index value and intracranial pressure value are recorded at the same time.According to GCS,the patients were divided into two groups,group A (3≤GCS≤5) and group B(5 ＜ GCS≤8).The 21-days natural survival rate was counted.The Kaplan-Meier Method and Log-rank test were used to analyze the relationship between Bispectral index and intracranial pressure.Results The bispectral index value of group A was 45.3 ± 3.8,the intracranial pressure value of group A was (18.6 ± 2.8) mmHg,The bispectral index value of group B was 32.2 ± 8.2,the intracranial pressure value of group B was (33.4 ±4.6) mmHg.The 21-days survival rate of group A was 55％,and 21-days survival rate of group B was 30％.The Spearman rank correlation method was used to analyze the values.Bispectral index value was positively correlated with coma degree after operation in patients with severe traumatic brain injury,and was negatively correlated with intracranial pressure value (r =0.532,P ＜ 0.05;r =0.521,P ＜ 0.05).The more severer the patient's craniocerebral injury.,the more severer the condition,the higher the intracranial pressure,the lower the bispectral index value,the worse the prognosis is.Conclusion Combined monitoring of bispectral index and intracranial pressure has high application value in evaluating the coma degree and prognosis of patients with severe craniocerebral injury after operation.

Central nervous system (CNS) tumors pose a substantial risk to human health. Conventional therapeutic modalities, including surgical excision, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, exhibit inherent limitations and adverse effects. Nonetheless, the emergence of minimally invasive surgical techniques and advanced imaging technology have spurred research interest in the realm of neurology toward developing minimally invasive treatments for neurosurgical tumors. These approaches encompass tumor laser interstitial thermal therapy, tumor treating fields, photodynamic therapy, and other related interventions. Minimally invasive treatments offer notable advantages, such as reduced tissue trauma, expedited recovery, and pronounced therapeutic efficacy, rendering them extensively employed in clinical settings. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate accomplishments in the field of minimally invasive CNS tumor treatments while delineating prospective avenues for future development.

Spastic hemiplegia after stroke seriously affects the quality of life of patients. Finding a method which can not only improve the movement of hemiplegic limbs, but also relieve spasm has become one of the important subjects in the medical field. In addition to conservative treatments such as traditional Chinese medicine, medicines, and rehabilitation training, surgical treatment has gradually become the main means of clinical treatment with advantages of definite clinical effecacy and rapid recovery. At present, there is no unified standard for clinical surgical methods for spastic hemiplegia after stroke. This article reviews the pathogenesis, surgical methods and clinical efficacies of the disease, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different surgical methods so as to provide clinical evidence and help for in-depth understanding of surgical treatments of spastic hemiplegia after stroke and optimizing the treatment plans.