Pro-rich antimicrobial peptides are a group of linear peptides isolated from animals. These peptides have antibacterial activities and play an important role in innate immunity. Pro-rich antimicrobial peptides are devided into two classes:Pro-rich antimicrobial peptides from mammals and Pro-rich antimicrobial peptides from insects and other invertebrates.Members of Pro-rich antimicrobial peptides are all characterised by a high content of proline residues and predominantly active against Gram-negative bacterial species which they kill by a non-lytic mechanism,at variance with the majority of the known antimicrobial peptides. Evidence is accumulating that the Pro-rich peptides enter the cells without membrane lysis and,once in the cytoplasm,bind to,and inhibit the activity of DnaK protein that is essential to bacterial growth,thereby causing responsive bacteria death. This mode of action makes these peptides suitable for drug development efforts. As one of the best characterized Pro-rich peptides,PR-39 plays an important role in a number of biological processes. It has been found that PR-39 can induce the syndecan expression in mesenchymal cells, inhibit the NADPH oxidase activity of neutrophils and block the degradation of 1?B? and HIF-1?. These findings show that PR-39 can provide novel means in the control of inflammation, wound repair, ischemia-reperfusion injury,and angiogenesis for therapeutic purposes.

Purpose:To study the pathological characteristics of breast duct diseases with nipple discharge under breast duct endoscope and improve diagnostic accuracy.Methods:354 patients with nipple discharge were examined by fiberoptic duct endoscope (FVS 3000M), to investigate the suspected duct with its branch and detemine the location and extent of intraductal lesions, core biopsy can be done in suspicious leisions.Results:245 patients were found to have intraductal space occupying lesions, 97 patients were found to have exudative lesions, normal duct in 9 cases.186 cases underwent surgery, diagnosis was confirmed by pathology in 96.2%.Conclusions:Fiberoptic duct endoscopy can locate accurate site and pathogeny of nipple discharge ,to allow improvement in diagnosis of early breast cancer.

Objective To investigate the potential therapeutic efficacy of lentivirus-mediated artemin (ARTN) gene modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation on the rat model of Parkinson' s disease (PD) and the effects on expression of brain-related proteins.Methods MSCs were isolated and cultured in vitro,transfected by recombinant lentiviral vectors carrying ARTN gene.The PD rat model established by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was randomly divided into 5 groups:Sham group,PD group,MSCs group,MSCs transfected with empty lentiviral vectors transplanted (LV-MSCs)group and MSCs transfected with recombinant lentiviral vectors carrying ARTN gene transplanted (LVARTN-MSCs) group.The MSCs,LV-MSCs and LV-ARTN-MSCs groups were transplanted into the left striatum of each rat model of PD and ethology tests in every group were made with intraperitoneal injection of apomorphine (APO) 2,4,6,8 weeks after transplantation.The expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein in substantia nigra (SN) was measured by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry,and immunofluorescence showed ARTN gene modified MSCs expression in rat brain tissue.The levels of dopamine (DA),dihydroxy-phenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid in striatum of each group were detected by high performance liquid chromatography.Results After injection of APO,rotation frequency decreased in LV-ARTN-MSCs group,i.e.(179.33 ± 10.74) circles/30 min vs (235.83 ± 18.95),(203.67 ±11.50) and (206.33 ± 11.86) circles/30 min in PD,MSCs and LV-MSCs groups (q =8.828,P ＜ 0.01;q =3.802,P ＜ 0.05;q =4.219,P ＜ 0.05).The percentage of TH-positive cells in SN after cell transplantation was increased significantly in LV-ARTN-MSCs group (64.05％ ± 5.49％) when compared with PD group (34.18％ ±3.35％),MSCs group (52.59％ ±4.48％) and LV-MSCs group (50.57％ ± 4.41％),respectively (q =13.280,5.135,6.028,all P ＜0.01).At the same time,TH protein in SN after cell transplantation was also increased obviously in LV-ARTN-MSCs group.ARTN gene modified MSCs can survive for at least 6 weeks in the rat brain of PD,mainly concentrated in the transplantation side of striatum.Eight weeks later,the levels of DA in striatum after cell transplantation were elevated significantly in MSCs group (2.34 ± 0.54),LV-MSCs group (2.28 ± 0.45) and LV-ARTN-MSCs group (2.28 ± 0.45)when compared with PD group (0.87 ± 0.07) (q =5.233,P ＜ 0.05;q =5.020,P ＜ 0.01;q =20.190,P ＜ 0.01),and LV-ARTN-MSCs group showed the most significant improvement.Conclusion ARTN gene modified bone marrow MSCs transplanted into the striatum of brain may have therapeutic effects on rat models of PD.

PNS (Panax notoginseng saponins) is the main medical bioactive component in Panax notoginseng. The medical value of PNS cannot be extended because of its low production. With the deep study of saponins biosynthetic pathway, the control of PNS biosynthesis through metabolic engineering has gradually become possible. In this study, the Squalene synthase (SS) over-expression vector was established. By the way of agrobacterium-mediated method, the vector was transfered and integrated into the Panax notoginseng genome. The result of the PCR detection and the saponin content detection shows that over-expression SS is able to produce high level of Panax notoginseng saponins, and confirms the regulatory function of SS in the biosynthesis of ginsenosides in Panax notoginseng. It provides a theoretical basis and technical basis for the construction of PNS homologous or heterologous efficient expression system in the future.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of breast mass-like lesions by digital breast tomosynthesis technique (DBT) versus full field digital mammography (FFDM).Methods 182 breast mass cases undergoing respectively DBT and FFDM diagnosis were reviewed to evaluate the the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy,breast BI-RADS classification and differences of edge character.Results Of the 182 cases,101 cases were malignant,81 cases were benign.DBT and FFDM in malignant mass detection rate were 95.0％ and 95.0％ respectively,the benign tumor detection rate were 80.2％ and 80.2％ respectively,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The diagnostic sensitivity was 93.1％ (94/101) and 82.2％ (83/101),specificity was 66.7％ (54/81) and 53.1％ (43/81),accuracy was 81.3％ (148/182) and 69.2％ (126/182),all the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The BI-RADS classification difference of the malignant mass was statistically significant (x2 =12.912,P =0.044 5),and the benign mass was also statistically significant (x2 =12.739,P =0.026 0).The clear edge benign tumors detected by DBT and FFDM respectively were 65 and 45 cases (x2 =10.224,P =0.001 4).The spicule sign detected by DBT and FFDM respectively in malignant tumors were 71 and 50 cases (x2 =8.244,P =0.004 1).Conclusion DBT compared to traditional FFDM photography improves the lesion visibility,increases the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity,conducing to the identification of benign and malignant lesions.

Objective To analyze the clinical and biological characteristics of adult acute T-lymphocytic leukemia (T-ALL) patients carrying SET-NUP214 fusion gene,and the prognostic value of SET-NUP214 molecular marker monitoring.Methods The clinical and laboratory data of 4 adult T-ALL patients with SET-NUP214 fusion gene in the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu from January 2009 to December 2014 were analyzed retrospectively,and T cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement was detected to judge the differentiation and developmental stages of tumor cells in these patients.Minimal residual disease (MRD) was detected in 2 patients with follow-up specimens through detection of SET-NUP214 gene by using polymerase chain reaction.Results Four patients expressed T cell immune markers CD5,CD7,and cytoplasmic CD3 (cyCD3),and also expressed some myeloid-specific antigens.All 4 patients had the same SET-NUP214 fusion site.In the tumor cells of 4 patients,5 TCRB gene rearrangements were detected,all of which were incomplete rearrangement of DB-JB;4 patients were detected with TCRG and TCRD gene rearrangements,and all were completely rearranged.The result of MRD monitoring through SET-NUP214 fusion gene was consistent with clinical treatment outcome.Conclusions The T-ALL patients with SET-NUP214 fusion gene have some unique cell biological characteristics.SET-NUP214 fusion gene could be used as a molecular marker for MRD monitoring,and which can be used for the follow-up in the course of treatment.

Objective To discuss the protective effect of Artemin (ARTN) on 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-mediated neurotoxic injury,and the alternations of related proteins in Parkinson's disease (PD) model rats.Methods Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated and cultured in vitro.After being transfected with recombinant lentiviral vectors carrying A RTN gene,MSCs stably expressed ARTN were chosen (Lv-ARTN-MSCs cells).The SH-SY5Y cells were treated with supematant of Lv-ARTN-MSCs prior to 6-OHDA treatment,and then,cell survival rate was measured by MTT assay and morphologic changes in cultured SH-SY5Y cells were observed by fluorescence microscope (Hochest33258 staining).PD rat models were established and randomly divided into four groups (n=6):PD group,MSCs group,Lv-MSCs group and Lv-ARTN-MSCs group; and sham-operated group (n=6) was also chosen.The PD,MSCs,Lv-MSCs and Lv-ARTN-MSCs groups were transplanted with 5 μL of saline,MSCs (1.0×l05 cell/5 μL),empty virus modified MSCs (1.0×105 cell/5 μL) and ARTN gene modified MSCs (1.0×105 cell/5 μL),respectively,into the left striatum; rats in the sham-operated group were injected with saline when rats in the other groups were received 6-OHDA injection (the same surgical procedures and coordinates).The expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine transporter (DAT) in the striatum were measured by Western blotting.Results Western blotting indicated obvious ARTN protein expressions in the Lv-ARTN-MSCs groups.The supematant of Lv-ARTN-MSCs could effectively reduce the apoptosis rate induced by 6-OHDA; as compared with that of SH-SY5Y cells in the 6-OHDA group,the cell survival rate in the Lv-A R TN-MSCs group increased by 13.67％,with significant difference (P＜0.05).Eight weeks after transplantation,the levels of TH and DAT protein in the striatum were elevated significantly in MSCs group,Lv-MSCs group and Lv-ARTN-MSCs group as compared with those in the PD group (P＜0.05),and the Lv-ARTN-MSCs group showed the most significant improvement.Conclusion ARTN which is a secreted protein can protect dopaminergic neuron against 6-OHDA-induced toxicities in Parkinson's disease,and the mechanism might be related to the increased expressions of TH and DAT.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the predictive factors affecting sentinel lymph node status in early breast cancer patients.

METHODSClinicopathological data of 1 038 patients with early breast cancer, who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy in Henan Tumor Hospital between July 2010 and August 2013, were reviewed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the relevance of clinicopathological features with sentinel lymph node metastases.

RESULTSThis group was consisted of 1 038 female patients with an average of 48.6 years. Positive sentinel lymph nodes were found in 22.9% (238/1 038) of the patients. The average number of sentinel lymph nodes removed by surgery was 3.8. Tumor size, tumor location, histopathology, ER/PR status and Ki-67 level were significantly correlated with SLN metastasis(P < 0.05 for all). All the above factors but Ki-67 level were significant independent predictors for SLN metastasis(P < 0.01 for all).

CONCLUSIONNegative hormone receptor status, invasive cancer of non-specific histopathological type, tumor size >2 cm, and tumor location in the outer upper quadrat are independent predictive factors of sentinel lymph node metastasis in patients with early breast cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Ki-67 Antigen ; metabolism ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Receptors, Estrogen ; metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone ; metabolism ; Retrospective Studies ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy ; Tumor Burden ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE： To prepare Zingiber officinale oil microcapsules and to evaluate its quality. METHODS： Z. officinale oil microcapsules were prepared by spray drying method with sodium starch octenyl succinate as capsule material. The preparation technology was optimized by orthogonal test with mixing temperature of capsule material and capsule core， mass ratio of capsule material and capsule core， stirring speed as factors， using encapsulation efficiency as index. The drug loading， encapsulation efficiency， appearance， particle size distribution and stability of light， heat and humidity （using iodine value and peroxide value as indexes） were evaluated. RESULTS： The optimal preparation technology of Z. officinale oil microcapsules was that the mixing temperature of capsule material and core was 60 ℃； mass ratio of capsule material and capsule core was 10 ∶ 1； stirring speed was 12 000 r/min. Average drug-loading amount and encapsulation efficiency of Z. officinale oil microcapsules prepared by optimal technology were 17.97％ and 73.57％ （n＝3）. The morphology of Z. officinale oil microcapsules was round， smooth， non-sticky and uniform in size distribution. The average diameter of microcapsules was （6.30±0.27） μm. Under light， heat and humidity conditions， the iodine value and peroxide value of Z. officinale oil microcapsules changed slightly. CONCLUSIONS： The optimal preparation technology of Z. officinale oil microcapsules is simple and reproducible. The prepared microcapsules have good encapsulation efficiency， high drug loading amount and good stability.