Objective In this study,we investigated the potential of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSC) for use as a source of transplants for the restoration of auditory hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons.Methods We co-cultured the mouse iPSC with the cells of the cochlear organ of Corti or the modiolus in vitro.The cochlear organ of Corti (which contains cochlear hair cells) and the modiolus (which contains auditory spiral ganglion neurons) were obtained from postnatal day 3 (P3) CD-1 ICR mice.After 18 days of coculture with the cells of newborn mouse cochleae.The expressions of hair cell markers (Myosin Ⅶ a,Math1,Calretinin,Espin) and Spiral ganglion neuron markers [Nestin,Neurofilament-M,β-Ⅲ Tubulin,Vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGluT1)] were detected by immunocytochemical analysis.Results Immunocytochemical analysis results indicated that the differentiated iPSC expressed auditory hair cell markers (Myosin Ⅶ a,Math1,Calretinin,Espin) and spiral ganglion markers (Nestin,Neurofilament-M,β-Ⅲ Tubulin,VGluT1).Conclusion Mouse iPSC in virto cultured could successfully be induced to differentiate into hair cell-like cells and spiral ganglion-like cells with hair cell and spiral ganglion molecular markers.

Objective To investigate the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and relationship with mucin MUC5AC,MUC5B secretion.Methods The expression of HIF-1 α,MUC5 AC and MUC5 B were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC),Western Blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in CRS with or without nasal polyps (CRSwNP:twenty-three or CRSsNP:twenty)and fifteen normal sinus mucosa without CRS.The relationship between HIF-1α and MUC5AC,MUC5B were analyzed by SPSS 16.0 software.Results PAS and IHC showed that HIF-1α,MUC5AC,MUC5B,total mucins were expressed in nuclear of epithelium and gland cells,which were higher than normal control (t values in epithelium cells were 8.650,9.305,9.382,8.524,7.533,5.417,5.507,5.556,all P ＜ 0.05 ; t values in gland cells were 8.285,7.098,6.798,7.308,8.574,7.933,6.798,7.308,all P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference between CRSwNP and CRSsNP (t values in epithelium cells were 0.734,0.415,0.572,0.248,all P ＞ 0.05 ; t values in gland cells were 0.331,0.662,0.249,0.644,P ＞ 0.05).Western Blot revealed that HIF-lα protein in CRSwNP and CRSsNP were higher than in normal contral (t values were 3.522,3.314,respectively,P ＜ 0.05).The relative expression levels of HIF-1α,MUC5AC,MUC5B mRNA in CRSwNP and CRSsNP were 1.35 ± 0.84,1.36 ± 0.94,0.81 ± 0.54,0.78 ± 0.46,1.13 ± 1.00,1.22 ± 1.02.But the relative expression levels of HIF-1 α,MUC5AC,MUC5 B mRNA in control subjects were 0.43 ± 0.34,0.42 ± 0.36,0.48 ± 0.42.There were significant differences between the groups of CRSwNP and control subiects(t values were 4.087,4.089,2.519,2.550,2.738,2.955,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05).There was a positive correlation among the expression of HIF-1 α and MUC5AC,5 B mRNA in CRSwNP (r values were 0.474,0.464,respectively,all P ＜0.05).There was a positive correlation among the expression of HIF-1α and MUC5AC,5B mRNA in CRSsNP (r values were 0.477,0.514,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions HIF-1 α,MUC5AC and MUC5B expression were upregulated in CRS with or without nasal polyps,indicating CRS is a disease of mucus hypersecretion and there is a close association between HIF-1α with hypersecretion of MUC5AC and MUC5B in mucus.