Objective To investigate the ultrasonographic and pathological changes of peripheral pulmonary lesions in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) complicated with Penicillium marneffei pneumonia (PMP) and their clinical significance.Methods The ultrasonographic and pathological data of peripheral pulmonary lesions in 31 cases of AIDS complicated with PMP who were diagnosed in Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning were retrospectively reviewed.Results Among 31 cases of PMP,20 cases (64.5％) showed star-like diffuse sonogram,7 cases (22.6％) low solid echo and 4 cases (12.9 ％) black hole-like sonogram in ultrasonographic changes of peripheral pulmonary lesions.In pathological examination,Penicillium marneffei were seen in all samples:periodic acid-Schiff stain (PAS) and periodic acid-Schiff diastase stain (PAS-D) were all positive.Twenty four cases (77.4％) mainly showed infiltration of inflammatory cells,and 7 cases (22.6 ％) mainly showed necrosis and fibrous hyperplasia.Among 20 patients with star like diffuse sonogram,19 were mainly infiltration of inflammatory cells in pathological changes,and 19 were CD4+ T lymphocyte counts of 100-200/μL.Among 4 patients with black hole-like sonogram,all were necrosis in the central and hyperplasia in the peripheral in pathological changes,and CD4-T lymohocyte counts were all＜50/μL.Conclusions In AIDS patients complicated with PMP,ultrasonographic features were probably correlated with pathological changes in biopsy tissues and CD4-T lymphocyte counts.

Objective To investigate ultrasonographic characteristics of peripheral pulmonary lesions in AIDS-related tuberculosis,and to discuss their relationship with blood CD4+T lymphocyte level. Methods Ultrasonographic and clinical data of 63 cases of AIDS-related tuberculosis, which were confirmed by ultrasound-guided lung biopsy,were analysed retrospectively. Results Ultrasonographic characteristics classified as solid hypoechoic in 38 cases ( 60.3% ),diffused astral sign in 16 cases ( 25.4% ), and mixed solid-liquid echo in 9 cases (14.3% ).Blood CD4+T lymphocyte count was significantly lower in patients who showed diffused astral sign in pulmonary lesions ultrasonography,than those in patients who showed solid hypoechoic and mixed solid-fluid echo ( P ＜ 0.001 ). Conclusions Ultrasonography of peripheral pulmonary lesions may reveal various imaging characteristics in AIDS-related tuberculosis. The declining level of blood CD4+T lymphocyte count may determine the ultrasonographic features of pulmonary lesions.