AIM:To study whether the pulmonary infection of Escherichia coli (E.coli) interferes the glu-colipid metabolism in high-fat diet-induced obese mice.METHODS:High-fat diet-induced obese mice (n=48) and nor-mal chow-fed control mice ( n=48) were intranasally infused with 40 μL fluid containing 4 ×109 CFUs E.coli.The ser-um, periepididymal adipose tissue and liver were obtained at 0 d, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d and 4 d after infection.The body mass, periepididymal adipose tissue and liver were weighed , and the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting blood insulin ( FINS) , free fatty acid ( FFA) and very-low-density lipoprotein ( VLDL) were measured by ELISA .The serum total cho-lesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C) , and hepatic TG contents were detected , and the hepatic steatosis was observed under microscope with oil red O staining.RESULTS:Compared with day 0, the body mass, fat mass and fat index were decreased significantly from day 1 to day 4 after infection (P<0.05).The levels of FBG, FINS and HOMA-IR were apparently raised from day 2 to day 4 af-ter infection (P<0.05).The contents of serum FFA, TG and VLDL were increased markedly from day 1 to day 4 after in-fection (P<0.05).However, the concentrations of serum TC, LDL-C and HDL-C were decreased obviously from day 1 to day 3 ( P<0.05 ) .The liver mass , liver index and TG content were significantly increased from day 1 to day 4 ( P<0.05 ) .Consistently , the lipid droplet accumulation in the liver cells was increased obviously at day 2 and day 4 after infec-tion.Compared with control group , except the levels of serum TC , LDL-C and HDL-C in obese group substantially de-creased, the other indexes were increased by different degrees during the whole experiment period (P<0.05).CONCLU-SION:Pulmonary infection of Escherichia coli exacerbates the disorder of glucose and lipid metabolism in high-fat diet-in-duced obese mice , which contributes the development of insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis .

Objective To study the relationship between red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and prognosis in patients with bloodstream infection.Methods A total of 112 patients with positive blood culture were identified from ICU in Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University from 2013 to 2015.The clinical data were reviewed and analyzed,including the acute physiology and chronic health assessment Ⅱ (APACHE-Ⅱ) score,RDW,average volume of red blood cells,hemoglobin,C-reactive protein (CRP),procalcitonin (PCT) and serum creatinine.Patients were summarized to compare relevant laboratory tests in terms of survival status.The correlation between RDW and corresponding tests was analyzed by Spearman's correlation.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the independent risk factors of prognosis.The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated by ROC curve to predict the risk of death.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to plot the 30-day survival curve.The relationship between RDW and the risk of death was estimated.Results There was a positive correlation between RDW and CRP,PCT and APACHE Ⅱ score (r=0.225,0.266,0.267,P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that RDW and APACHE Ⅱ score were independent risk factors for the prognosis of the patients with bloodstream infection.The lower AUC of RDW was 0.634 associated with sensitivity of 0.600,and specificity of 0.641.Conclusions RDW can be used as a sensitive predictor of prognosis in patients with bloodstream infection.

In this study, apoptosis was induced by new type gosling viral enteritis virus (NGVEV) in experimentally infected goslings is reported in detail for the first time. After 3-day-old goslings were orally inoculated with a NGVEV-CN strain suspension, the time course of NGVEV effects on apoptotic morphological changes of the internal tissues was evaluated. These changes were observed by histological analysis with light microscopy and ultrastructural analysis with transmission electron microscopy. DNA fragmentation was assessed with a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay and DNA ladder analysis. A series of characteristic apoptotic morphological changes including chromatin condensation and margination, cytoplasmic shrinkage, plasma membrane blebbing, and formation of apoptotic bodies were noted. Apoptosis was readily observed in the lymphoid and gastrointestinal organs, and sporadically occurred in other organs after 3 days post-infection (PI). The presence and quantity of TUNEL-positive cells increased with infection time until 9 days PI. DNA extracted from the NGVEV-infected gosling cells displayed characteristic 180~200 bp ladders. Apoptotic cells were ubiquitously distributed, especially among lymphocytes, macrophages, monocytes, and epithelial and intestinal cells. Necrosis was subsequently detected during the late NGVEV-infection phase, which was characterized by cell swelling, plasma membrane collapse, and rapidly lysis. Our results suggested that apoptosis may play an important role in the pathogenesis of NGVE disease.
*Adenoviridae/classification/pathogenicity ; Adenoviridae Infections/pathology/*veterinary/virology ; Animals ; *Anseriformes ; *Apoptosis ; Bird Diseases/*virology ; DNA Fragmentation ; Enteritis/*veterinary/virology ; Epithelial Cells/cytology/virology ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Intestines/cytology/virology ; Leukocytes/cytology/virology ; Lymphoid Tissue/cytology/virology ; Macrophages ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission