Objective To evaluate the clinical value of midfrontal keyhole approach for the treatment of severe intra-ventricular hematoma. Methods The clinical data of 21 cases of severe intraventricular hemorrhage through midfrontal key-hole approach were analyzed retrospectively. Results Both inside and outside intraventricular hematoma were satisfied cleared. The GCS score and intraventricular hemorrhage Graeb score were improved. There were complications after opera-tion including 1 patient with diffuse brain swelling, 3 patients with cerebral vasospasm, 1 patient with intracranial infection, and seven patients with pulmonary infection. Follow-up schedules included 1-6 months. According to ADL score, 5 patients recovered well, 9 patients were moderately disabled, 3 were severely disabled, 1 was in a vegetative state and 3 died. Conclu-sion The intraventricular hematoma can be removed through midfrontal keyhole approach. The obstructive hydrocephalus can be relieved, the secondary brain damage was reduced and the prognosis was improved in patients.

Objective:To study the antihyperglycemic effect of water soluble polysaccharides (MCW) and alkaline soluble polysaccharides (MCB) from Momordica charantia L. on streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Method:Twelve mice were selected randomly as control, while the other l08 mice were injected with STZ 200 mg/kg?bw to induce diabetes.The diabetic mice were divided into 4 groups,the model, MCW (300 mg/kg bw), MCB (300 mg/kg bw), Gilbenclamide (15 mg/kg bw). The above components were administered intragastrically for 10 d and then blood samples were taken to determine concentrations of serum glucose and insulin. Results: The blood glucose levels could be obviously decreased by MCW and MCB in the diabetic mice. MCB has the best antihyperglycemic effect, in terms of improving the serum insulin level and decreasing the blood glucose level of diabetic mice. Conclusion:The polysaccharides from Momordica charantia can repair the injured pancreatic islet tissues and enhance insulin secretion so as to reduce blood glucose level of the diabetic mice.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between the anti-post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)effect of sertraline and nitric oxide in fear conditioning rats. METHODS Conditioned fear stress was established by electric shock with a cue tone,and fear extinction training was carried out by giving the rats only tone signals the next day. The rats were treated with sertraline(15 mg · kg-1) intragastrically within 1 h before the experiment for 8 d. Freezing time was tested at the 1st,4th and 7th day after the extinction training in rats. The NO contents were detected by Griess method and the nNOS and iNOS level on amygdala was detected by Western blotting. RESULTS The behavior tests showed that compared with normal control group ,the freezing time was significantly increased in extinction control group and extinction training group(P<0.01),indicating that the conditioned fear model of rats was successfully established. At the 1st and 4th day after conditioned fear extinction training in the rats,freezing time in sertraline(15 mg·kg-1)group was decreased compared with extinction training group (P<0.05). At the 7th day,the freezing time was significantly decreased(P<0.01),indicating that ser?traline reversed the fear response. At the same time,the contents of NO,nNOS and iNOS on amygdala of rats in sertraline group were lower than that in extinction training group(P<0.01). CONCLUSION Sertraline can promote extinction of conditioned fear memory,suggesting that sertraline has anti-PTSD effects on the model of fear condition in rats. The underlying mechanisms may be connected with NO.

0.05),while in 75U/ml,100U/ml and 200U/ml groups,PF decreased significantly(P

Objective To understand whether or not artesunate (Art. ) combined with naphtho-quine (Nap. ) can delay the resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to Art. Methods In Group A, P. falciparum was cultured in culture medium and was stimulated by Art/Nap disconnectedly, and in Group B, stimulated by Art disconnectedly. When P. falciparum recovered to normal growth level, the changes of sensitivity (ID50) to the drugs were compared between the two groups after P. falciparum touched on the drug. Results In Group A, the times P. falciparum recovered to normal growth level were 24, 37 d respectively when it contacted the drugs in the first and second times; P. falciparum didn't recover to normal growth level in 90 d when it contacted the drugs in the third time. In Group B, the times P. falciparum recovered to normal growth level were 16. 7 d (15-20) on average. ID50(s) of Art/Nap were 2.42/37.81, 1. 70/26.30 nmol/L before and 65 d after contacting the drugs in Group A; ID50(s) of Art were 9. 60, 30. 61, 85.12 nmol/L before and 68 and 129 d after contacting the drug in Group B. Conclusion Artesunate-resistant P. falciparum can be cultured by touching artesunate at intervals in vitro; Artesunate combined with naph-thoquine may delay the resistance of P. falciparum to artesunate in vitro.

ObjectiveTo explore two different anesthesia methods on hemodynamics and the quality of palinesthesia in elderly patients during peroperative period.Methods Sixty elderly patients with Hip Replacement( ASA,Ⅰ,Ⅱ ) were randomly divided into general anesthesia group ( group A,n =30 ) and combined general and epidural anesthesia group( group B,n =30).The changes of mean arterial pressure(MAP)and heart rate( HR ) were monitored before induction of anesthesia( T1 ),at intubation( T2 ),during skin incision (T3) and at the time of extubation ( T4 ),at 30 min after extubation ( T5 ) and at the same time,the dosage of general anesthetics and each index's time after operation to awake were recorded of the patients in both groups.ResultsThe MAP and HR of patients in two groups at T2,T3,T4,T5 were all increased when compared with T1.And the increasing degree of MAP and HR in group A were higher than that in group B ( MAP:within group F =17.352,interaction F =4.326,between groups F =8.652; HR:within group F =11.561,interaction F =5.241 between groups F =7.248; P ＜ 0.05 ).The dosage of general anesthetics was significantly different between two groups[ sevoflurane:(1.40 ± 0.30)MAC vs (1.00 ± 0.12 )MAC,t =0.37,P＜0.05 ; fentanyl:(0.34 ±0.08)mg vs(0.18 ±0.03) mg,t =0.21,P ＜0.05 ; vecuronium:(6.20 ±0.32) mg vs(4.10 ±0.31 ) mg,t =1.24,P ＜0.05 ; propofol:(448 ±24) mg vs(393 ±26) mg,t =3.46,P ＜0.05].There was significant difference on gag reflex time [ ( 18.00 ± 1.27 ) min vs ( 12.31 ± 2.54 ) min,t =2.74,P ＜ 0.05 ],time to extubation [ ( 24.03 ± 2.42 ) min vs ( 16.05 ± 1.20 ) min,t =3.68,P ＜ 0.05 ],fully awake time [(29.54±5.24)min vs(19.25±2.64)min,t=1.35,P＜0.05] between these two groups.ConclusionThe two different anesthesia methods can ensure haemodynamic stability of elderly patients undergoing hip replacement during peroperative period.But compared with general anesthesia group,combined general and epidural anesthesia group can reduce the dosage of general anesthetics and shorten the time of extubation significantly,it is a viable and an ideal method.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of overexpession of 18 ku translocator protein (TSPO) on the hippocampal dentate gyrus. METHODS Lentiviral (LV) vectors containing TSPO or the lentiviral sequence were infused into the hippocampus bilateral dentate gyri (2 × 108 TU · mL-1,1 μL per side)of mice. Behavioral tests were carried out. The anxiolytic-like behavior of mice was examined by such means as the elevated plus maze test , the staircase test , light dark box test for 12, 14 and 16 d, two behavioral despair models, tail suspension test and the forced swimming test for 16 and 18 d,respec?tively. Western blotting and ELISA were used to evaluate the TSPO expression and the concentration of allopregnanolone in hippocampal tissue (3 mm in diameter around the injection site on both sides) at the end of tests. RESULTS The results of behavioral experiments showed that TSPO overexpression group deneloped anxiolytic and antidepression-like behavior. LV-TSPO significantly increased the retention time in the central area〔14 ± 4 vs (25 ± 12)s,P<0.05〕. LV-TSPO significantly increased the percentage of entry into open arms entries percentage and the percentage of time spent in open arms time without changing total entries and total time in the elevated plus-maze test〔(13±8)%vs (26±18)%, P<0.05;(6 ± 6)%vs (27 ± 6)%, P<0.05)〕. LV-TSPO significantly decreased the number of rearings without changing the number of steps in staircase test (21±7 vs 12±5,P<0.05). LV-TSPO increased entries into the light area and retention time in light-dark transition test〔(18 ± 8)% vs (26 ± 7)%, P<0.05;72 ± 36 vs (191 ± 90)s, P<0.05)〕but significantly decreased immobility time in the tail suspension test and forced swimming test〔94±33 vs (36±20)s, P<0.01;137±36 vs (90±37)s, P<0.05)〕, without excitatory or inhibitory actions on the central nervous system. At the same time, the level of TSPO expression in hippocampal tissues (3 mm in diameter around the injection site on both sides) was significantly increased, so did the concentration of allopregnanolone (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Overexpression of TSPO in the hippocamus dentate gyrus of mice can induce anxiolytic and antidepressant-like behavior, and the downstream allo?pregnanolone biosynthesis at least partially mediates the behavioral effects.

Objective To determine the effect of ulinastatin on improving gastric mucosal perfusion during orthotopic liver transplantation. Methods Thirty patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation were randomly divided into control group (group C,n=15) and ulinastatin group (group U,n=15). In ulinastatin group,patients were intravenously administrated 4000U/kg ulinastatin immediately after entering the operating room and then the administration was continued with an injection pump with a dose of ulinastatin of 2000U/(kg?h) till the end of operation. Normal saline in the same volume and infusion rate was given to patients in control group. Blood pressure (BP),heart rate (HR),cardiac output (CO) and introgastric pH value (i-pH) plus Pg-aCO2 were measured before the operation (T0),20min of preanhepatic phase (T1),5 min of anhepatic phase (T2),30min of anhepatic phase (T3),5min of new hepatic phase (T4),30min of new hepatic phase (T5) and the end of operation (T6),respectively. Results Compared with the measurement at the time point of T0,mean artery pressure (MAP),central venous pressure (CVP) and CO were significantly decreased and complicated with a marked increase of HR at the time point of T2 in all patients of two groups (P

Objective To investigate the change in coagulation function in relation to different amounts of blood loss in selective non-cardiovascular surgery patients.Methods Twenty American Anesthesia Association (ASA) class I or Ⅱ patients,aged 23-57 yr,undergoing non-cardiovascular surgery with normal preoperative coagulation were chosen randomly.After general anesthesia,on the basis of adequate sedation and analgesia,patients were given Ringer's solution and Voluven (pre-warmed to 37℃,volume ratio of crystalloid/colloid was 1:2) to maintain the stability of heart rate,blood pressure and central venous pressure.Temperature and blood gas analysis were monitored to prevent potential interference induced by hypothermia and acidosis.When the ratio of blood loss/blood volume reached 10%,15%,20% and 25%,all the routine blood components analysis and coagubility parameters,and Sonoclot coagulation and platelet function parameters were observed.Results Preoperative average value of Hct was 38.1%,and when ratio of blood loss/blood volume were 10%,15%,20 % and 25%,Hct was decreased to 33.4%,31.5%,30.1% and 27.9% respectively.When the ratio reached 15% or larger,platelet count decreased significantly compared with preoperative value (P

OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of selective 18 ku translocator protein (TSPO) ligand YL-IPA08 on corticosterone(CORT)-induced apoptosis of BV-2 cells and its potential mecha?nisms. METHODS BV-2 Cells were pretreated with selective TSPO ligand YL-IPA08 1-100 nmol · L-1 and(or) TSPO antagonist PK11195 100 nmol · L-1 for 2 h,and then co-incubated with CORT for another 24 h. The apoptosis rate was measured by flow cytometry. CCK-8 kit was used to test BV-2 cell viability. The protein expression of TSPO was determined by Western blotting. The level of allopreg?nanolone was detected by ELISA kit. RESULTS In line with positive drug-AC-5216, the cell apoptosis rate decreased in YL-IPA08 1-100 nmol · L-1 and CORT co-treatment groups(P<0.01), which was antago?nized by PK11195 100 nmol · L-1 treatment(P<0.05). Cell viability increased in YL-IPA08 100 nmol · L-1and CORT co-treatment groups (P<0.01), which was blocked by PK11195 100 nmol·L-1 treatment(P<0.01). The expression of TSPO and the level of allopregnanolone(P<0.01) were enhanced by YL-IPA08 100 nmol · L-1 pretreatment followed by CORT treatment. The enhancement of allopregnanolone level was blocked by PK11195 100 nmol·L-1 treatment(P<0.05). CONCLUSION YL-IPA08 can protect BV-2 cells from CORT induced apoptosis. The protective effect of YL-IPA08 may be conferred by the increasing level of TSPO expression and allopregnanolone.