PURPOSE: To evaluate white matter abnormalities on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in patients with mild Alzheimer disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: DTI was performed in 21 patients with mild AD, in 13 with MCI and in 16 old healthy subjects. A fractional anisotropy (FA) map was generated for each participant and processed for voxel-based comparisons among the three groups using TBSS. For comparison, DTI data was processed using the VBM method, also. RESULTS: TBSS showed that FA was significantly lower in the AD than in the old healthy group in the bilateral anterior and right posterior corona radiata, the posterior thalamic radiation, the right superior longitudinal fasciculus, the body of the corpus callosum, and the right precuneus gyrus. VBM identified additional areas of reduced FA, including both uncinates, the left parahippocampal white matter, and the right cingulum. There were no significant differences in FA between the AD and MCI groups, or between the MCI and old healthy groups. CONCLUSION: TBSS showed multifocal abnormalities in white matter integrity in patients with AD compared with old healthy group. VBM could detect more white matter lesions than TBSS, but with increased artifacts.
Alzheimer Disease ; Anisotropy ; Artifacts ; Corpus Callosum ; Diffusion ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging ; Humans ; Mild Cognitive Impairment

OBJECTIVETo investigate brain activity patterns during acupuncture in stroke patients, and to compare the result with normal subjects using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

METHODSA total of 11 stroke patients with motor weakness and 10 healthy subjects were studied. fMRI was performed during acupuncture on the left side at points Quchi (LI11) and Zusanli (ST36). Data were analyzed using statistical parametric maps of brain activation induced by acupuncture stimulation.

RESULTSThe results showed that stimulation of both LI11 and ST36 produced significantly different brain activation patterns between the two groups. The normal group showed a greater overall activation than the stroke group. In the normal group, parts of the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, sub-lobar, cerebellum and midbrain regions were activated by acupuncture at the left LI11. On the other hand, only the right side of the inferior parietal lobule region was activated in the stroke patients. When the left ST36 was stimulated in the normal group, both sides of the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and sub-lobar, and the left side of occipital lobe, and the right side of cerebellum and midbrain regions were activated. For the same stimulation in the stroke group, only both sides of the inferior parietal lobule and cerebellum regions were activated (P<0.05, cluster level). Deactivation pattern was not noted during any acupuncture stimulation in both groups.

CONCLUSIONBrain signal activations during the same acupuncture were different between the healthy and the stroke patients, and the effects showed a correlation of different acupuncture points.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Aged ; Brain Mapping ; Case-Control Studies ; Demography ; Female ; Health ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stroke ; physiopathology