We find that K+-pNPPase from brain of rats is inhibited by the urine of patients with hepatitis, and of the control, desalted through a sephadex G-23 colum n.the percentage of inhibition showed as I%[I%=(1-Vi/Vo)?100%] was 59.9 ? 8.9 (n= 9) from patients with fulminant hepaticfailure (If), and was 84.1 ? 9.4 (n = 10) from chronic active hepatitic patients (Ic), The control (In) was 70.6?15,2 (n=13).It showed that the inhibition of FHF urine was less marked than that of CAH.P

Objective To explore effects and potential mechanisms of high insulin environment on high density lipoprotein (HDL) generation-related functional protein ABCA1.Methods [3 H] labeled cholesterol efflux from mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes was detected by liquid scintillation counting.ABCA1 mRNA and protein expression in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes post stimulation with various concentrations of insulin was detected by real-time fluorescence-based quantitative techniques and Western blot,respectively,in the absence and presence of CHX (cycloheximide,CHX),calpeptin (calpain pathway inhibitor) or MG-132 (proteasome pathway inhibitor).Results Cholesterol efflux rates were reduced post insulin stimulation in a dose-dependent manner ((7.06 ± 0.27) ％,(6.59 ± 0.30) ％,(6.34 ± 0.24) ％,(5.07 ± 0.40) ％,and (4.71 ±0.40)％ at 0,1,10,102,and 103 nmol/L of insulin,P ＜0.05).Cholesterol efflux rates decreased in a time-dependent manner post 103 nmol/L insulin stimulation (6.52 ± 0.30) ％,(5.59 ± 0.71)％,(5.44 ± 0.37)％,(4.52 ± 0.32)％,and (4.38 ± 0.33)％ at 0,2,4,6,12 h,respectively).ABCA1mRNA levels were not affected by insulin(P ＞ 0.05).ABCA1 protein level was significantly downregulated in 103 nmol/L insulin group compared to 0 nmol/L insulin group (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the 0 h group,ABCA1 protein level was significantly reduced in 6 h group (P ＜ 0.05) and further reduced in 12 h group (P ＜ 0.01).Both calpeptin and MG-132 could partly reduce insulin-induced degradation of ABCA1.Compared with the negative control group,ABCA1 protein levels were significantly upregulated by cotreatment with calpeptin and MG-132,respectively (both P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Our data suggest that high insulin level could promote the ABCA1 protein degradation and reduce cholesterol efflux from mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes through calpain and proteasome pathway,thus,produce a circumference not suitable for nascent HDL formation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.