Objective To develop and verify a method for determination of cyanide residues in polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines based on flow injection analysis(FIA)with amperometric detector.Methods After removing macromolecular substances in the samples by ultrafiltration,the cyanide residues were determined by a 3700 automatic chemical analyzer with the injection time of 35 s,injection volume of 200 μL,pump speed of 40%,sample cycle time of 140 s,ultraviolet wavelength of 312 nm and an Ampere detector.The developed method was verified for the specificity,matrix effect,linear range,limit of detection(LOD),limit of quantitation(LOQ),accuracy,presicion and stability.The cyanide residues in the polysaccharide derivative bulk(13 batches)and conjugate bulk(21 batches)of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine and group A and C meningococcal conjugate vaccine produced by 5 manufacturers were determined by the developed method.Results Blank samples showed no interference to detection;The recoveries of the matrix effector solution of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine polysaccharide derivative and conjugate bulk,group A and C meningococcal conjugate vaccine polysaccharide derivative and conjugate bulk were 97.4%,102.4%,96.8% and 99.8% respectively,with all CV values less than 15%;In the range of 0.312 5 ～ 80 ng/mL,cyanogroup concentration showed a good linear relationship with peak height with a regression equation of y = 133.13 x + 57.556,R2= 0.999 1;The LOD was 0.2 ng/mL,and the LOQ was 0.6 ng/mL.The average recoveries of the control solution were 108.9%,106.5%,103.5% respectively with RSD value of 6.4% in the groups added with 5,10 and 20 ng/mL of cyanogroup and the CV values of precision verification were all less than 15%;The average concentrations of the control solution injected 20 times continuously were 76,38,18and 5 ng/mL with all CV values less than 15%,when cyanogroup concentration was 80,40,20 and 5 ng/mL,respectively.Cyanide residues were detected in 13 batches of derivative bulk samples,while not in 2 batches of 21 batches of polysaccharide conjugate bulk samples,and were detected in the others.Conclusion The developed method had good accuracy,precision and stability,which might be applied to the quantitative determination of cyanide residues in polysaccharideprotein conjugate vaccines.

Objective To evaluate the incidence and the causes of the intra-and postoperative cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)leakage during transsphenoidal surgical removal of pituitary adenomas,and discuss the sella closure methods.Method During the period from January 1998 to May 2008,118 patients underwent 134 transsphenoidal operations for pituitary adenomas.Two different methods to close the sella were used.The first one consisted packing the sella turcica and sphenoidal sinus with autologous fat and restoring the defect of sella turcica with autologous bone.In the second method,tht regenerated oxidized cellulose and collagen sponge with human fibrin were used to cover the seUa membrane defect and the dural defect,followed by packing the seHa with autologous fat.Proportions of each type of pituitary adenomas were analyzed.The frequency of the intra-and postoperative CSF leakage were evaluated in different type tumors and different operations.Data had been studied by statistical analysis.Results The incidence rate of intraoperative CSF leakage(26.5%,9/34)Was obviously increased in patients with growth homone adenoma compared with other type of adenoma(13.0%,13/100).Patients with invasive adenoma had an increased incidence rate of intraoperative CSF leakage(21.1%,8/38)compared with noninvasive adenoma(14.6%,14/96)(P＜0.05).When the descent of the sella turcica membrane Was visualized with tumor being totally removed,the incidence rate of intraoperative CSF leakage increased(18.7%,20/107)compared with when membrane descent was not seen with tumor remaining(7.4%,2/27)(P＜0.05).There were 3 cases postoperative CSF leakage happened in all 12 cases which adopted the first method. By the second method,there was no postoperative CSF leakage,and the number of postoperative complications was significantly smaller than the first method (10.0% and 33.3%,respectively). Conclusions The technique of covering the sella membrane and dural defects with oxidized cellulose and collagen sponge with human fibrin in the presence of intraoperative CSF leakage appears to be the most reliable,as no postoperative CSF leakage after applying this technique has been observed.

Objective To observe the antidepressant effect of the volatile oil of Myristica in mice and investigate its mechanism.Methods Healthy male Kunming mice were divided into control group,fluoxetine hydrochloride group,high,medium and low dose group,and all of the mice were gavaged for 7 days.The role of antidepressant on the mice were observed with tail suspension tests and forced swimming tests.Then serotonin(5-HT),dopamine(DA) and norepinephrine (NE) in the brain of the mice were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results Compared with the control group((82.60 ± 24.70)s),the medium dose group could shorten the immobility time of the tail suspension tests ((54.40± 15.87) s),and showed statistical significance (P＜ 0.05).The content of 5-HT,DA,NE in the brain of the medium group were (19.35±2.79) ng/ml,(12.16±0.71)pg/ml,(0.27±0.12) ng/ml,and control group were (14.95±4.83) ng/ml,(11.32±0.95) pg/ml,(0.20±0.11) ng/ml.Compared with the control group,the content of 5-HT of the medium dose group was increased and showed statistical significance(P＜0.05).Conclusion The volatile oil of Myristica fragrans Houtt has antidepressant effect,and may be related to raising the content of 5-HT,DA,NE in the brain of the mice,especially 5-HT.

AIM:To investigate the neuroprotective effect of hydrogen sulfide ( H2 S) after cardiopulmonary re-suscitation in rats with cardiac arrest ( CA) , and to explore the effects of H2 S on neuron autophagy.METHODS:The CA model was established through asphyxia.Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham group, model group and NaHS group.The levels of beclin-1 and LC3 II/I were measured by Western blot at 2 h, 4 h, 12 h and 24 h after the restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC).At 12 h after ROSC, the formation of autophagic vacuole with LC3 dots was deter-mined by immunohistochemical ( IHC) method.The phenomenon of neuron autophagy was observed under transmission electron microscope.The numbers of apoptotic neurons were counted by TUNEL staining at 72 h after ROSC.The neurolo-gic deficit score ( NDS) was used to evaluate the neurologic function after ROSC.RESULTS: The level of beclin-1 was gradually increased in model group, but it was increased and then gradually recovered in NaHS group ( P<0.05 ) .The conversion of LC3 II in the cerebral cortex was the same as beclin-1.The results of IHC showed that LC3-positive nuclei in model group were more than those in NaHS group ( P<0.05) .The number of autophagic vacuole in model group was more than that in NaHS group (P<0.05).The number of the TUNEL-positive cells in model group was more than that in NaHS group (P<0.05).The NDS of the animals in NaHS group after ROSC was lower than that in model group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION:H2 S inhibits neuronal autophagy, decreases apoptosis and improves neurologic function in CA rats after ROSC.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the method for the identification of impurities in succinylcholine chloride raw material. METHODS:Two-dimensional UPLC-QTOF-MS was adopted. One dimension chromatographic condition was Hypersil GOLD C18 column using buffer solution(22 mmol/L sodium pentanesulfonate+50 mmol/L sodium chloride+5 mmol/L sulphuric acid)as mobile phase A and acetonitrile as mobile phase B,volume ratio of mobile phase A to mobile phase B 95:5,column temperature of 40 ℃,flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,detection wavelength of 214 nm. Two-dimension chromatographic condition was ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18column using 0.1% ammonia as mobile phase A and acetonitrile as mobile phase B(gradient elution)with column temperature of 30 ℃ at flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. Ionization mode was ESI+ with capillary voltage of 2.5 kV,source temperature of 120 ℃,temperature of atomizing gas at 450 ℃,flow rate of atomizing gas at 900 L/h,acquisition mode of MSE. RESULTS:The succinic acid,succinyl chloride(intermediate),pyridine(reagent)and other impurities were detected in succinylcholine chloride by one dimensional method of HPLC. Other 4 obvious unknown impurities were named impurity 1,impurity 2,impurity 3 and impurity 4,among which the apparent content of impurity 2 was the highest. Two-dimensional method of HPLC-QTOF-MS deduced that the impurity 2 was dehydrogenate succinylcholine chloride and impurity 4 was succinylcholine chloride. The impurity 1 and impurity 3 were not detected in mass spectrum. CONCLUSIONS:Establish method for the identification of impurity in succinylcholine chloride raw material,and the results of research are used for the evaluation of the quality of the succinylcholine chloride raw material.

Objective:To investigate the association between cancer fatalism and optimistic attitudes among colorectal cancer patients, and how the above linkage is moderated by the involvement of patients′ opinions, the family members′ opinions and the physicians′ opinions in treatment decision-making.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 64 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer and awaiting radical colorectal cancer surgery in the Department of General Surgery of Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, from January 2021 to December 2021. There were 38 males and 26 females, aged (61.2±13.0) years from 30 to 84 years. Cancer fatalism, optimism attitudes, and the involvement of patients′ opinions, the family members′ opinions and the physicians′ opinions in treatment decision-making were assessed. The patients′ cancer fatalism beliefs were measured by the " Chance" subscale of the Form C of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC-C), optimism attitudes were assessed by the Chinese version of the revised Life Orientation Test (CLOT-R), and the influence of patients′, family members′, and physicians′ opinions in the medical decision-making process was measured by a self-designed single factor scale. Measurement data of normal distribution were expressed as mean±standard deviation ( ± s). Measurement data of skewed distribution were expressed as M( Q1, Q3). Spearman correlation analysis and Chi-square test was used to examine the association between the main outcome variable (patients′ optimistic attitudes) and demographic and clinical characteristics. Interaction was examined by hierarchical linear regression analysis combined with simple slope tests. Results:Cancer fatalism was negatively associated with patients′ optimistic attitudes ( r=-0.35, P<0.01). Optimistic attitude of patients was significantly and negatively correlated with the influence of family members′ opinions on medical decision-making ( r=-0.25, P<0.05). There were significant positive correlations between the influence of patients′ and family members′ opinions ( r=0.50, P<0.01), family members′ and physicians′ opinions ( r=0.67, P<0.01), and physicians′ and patients′ opinions ( r=0.38, P<0.01) in medical decision making. Hierarchical linear regression analysis showed a negative association between cancer fatalism and optimism ( β=-0.32, P=0.01). This association was further moderated by the involvement of family members′ opinions ( β=-0.56, P<0.01) and the involvement of physicians′ opinions ( β=-0.36, P=0.04) in medical decision-making. Simple slope tests revealed that the negative impact of fatalistic attitudes on patients′ optimism attitudes may be potentiated when family members′ opinions have high influence on medical decision-making, while the negative impact may be buffered to some extent when physicians′ opinions have high influence on medical decision-making. Conclusions:Cancer fatalism had a negative effect on patients′ optimism. The high influence of physicians in treatment decision-making buffered the negative effect of cancer fatalism on optimism; the high influence of family members in treatment decision-making potentiated the negative effect of cancer fatalism on optimism. In the process of doctor-patient communication and shared decision-making, for patients with strong fatalistic attitudes, consideration should be given to appropriately increasing direct informational communication between physicians and patients and reducing excessive family intervention in medical decision-making, so as to enhance patients′ autonomy for treatment, promote optimism, and reduce the negative effects of cancer fatalism.

OBJECTIVE To analyze and identify non-target proteins in human albumin and human immunoglobulin by ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem linear ion trap orbitrap mass spectrometry. METHODS The extract was separated on a ACQUITY UPLC peptide BEH C18(300Å, 1.7 μm, 2.1 mm×100 mm) column and the gradient elution was performed with mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution-0.1% formic acid acetonitrile. The analytes were detected in Full MS/dd-MS2(TopN). RESULTS A total of 52 non-target proteins were identified from human albumin and human immunoglobulin. Among them, 25 non-target proteins were identified in human albumin samples, and 27 non-target proteins were identified in human immunoglobulin samples. CONCLUSION The established qualitative method can rapidly, accurately and systematically identify various proteins in human albumin and human immunoglobulin. The results provide reference for the quality control of the preparation as well as its further clinical application.