Objective To observe the changes of extracellular matrix(ECM) production and hypertrophy of glomerular mesangial cells(GMCs) induced by high glucose(HG),and the inhibitory role of myriocin(ISP-1).Methods GMC cultured with normal glucose(5.6 mmol/L D-Glucose,NG),HG(25.2 mmol/L D-Glucose) and HG plus ISP-1(100 mg/L) for different durations(0,24,48,(72 h)).The sizes of GMC were indicated by forward scatter intensity,measured by flow cytometery,and the levels of fibronection(FN),collagen Ⅳ(Col Ⅳ),laminin(LN),precollagen Ⅲ(Pcol Ⅲ) and hyaluronic acid(HA) in the supernatant of cultured GMC were detec-(ted) by ELISA.Results Compared with NG,HG could induce GMC hypertrophy(P

Objective - - To analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of multi site work related musculoskeletal disorders （ ） Methods WMSDs in surgeons. A total of 102 surgeons from four hospitals were selected as study subjects by convenient sampling method. The Chinese version of Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire was used to investigate the prevalence of ， Results WMSDs in the past one year the related individuals and occupational factors. The total prevalence of WMSDs among （ ）， （ ） （ ） surgeons was 54.9%. The top three sites were neck 48.0% lower back 35.3% and shoulder 32.4% . The prevalence of （ vs ，P ） WMSDs in multiple sites was higher than that in a single site 43.1% 11.8% <0.01 . Multivariate logistic regression ， ， analysis showed that surgeons who smoked were tired at work and had a bent back had a higher risk of developing WMSDs ［ （ - ）， （ - ）， （ - ）， P ］ odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were 3.66 1.41 9.46 8.33 2.15 32.20 and 18.74 2.14 166.77 all <0.01 Conclusion - after excluding the influence of confounding factors. The prevalence rate of multi site WMSDs among surgeons is ， high and the influencing factors include bad living habits and occupational factors such as working load and working posture.

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the influence of IgD on T/B cell activationand construct hIgD-Fc-Ig fusion protein to competitive inhibition IgD binding with IgDR. METHODS T/B cells were sorted by magnetic cell sorting. The differences of mIgD and IgD-R level between different T/B cell subtypes were detected by FCM. Serum IgD level was detected by ELISA. Human IgD-Fc-IgG1- Fc sequence was amplified by cross- PCR and then subcloned into PET28a(+ ) empty vector. After prokaryotic expression through escherichia coli, we obtained the hIgD-Fc-Ig fusion protein by affinity chromatograph. Western blot was used to identify the hIgD- Fc- Ig fusion protein. Human peripheral blood monouclear cells (PBMC) and fibroblast like synoviocytes (FLS) proliferation were detected using a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). RESULTS The percentage of CD3+/CD4+, CD3+/IgD+, CD3+/CD4+/IgD+, CD3+/IgD-R+ and CD3+/CD4+/IgD-R+ cells increased significantly in RA patients comparing to healthy people. IgD can stimulate PBMC proliferation. IgD (1, 3, 10, 30 μg·mL-1) stimulate PBMC proliferation significantly after 24 h. We obtained stable and active hIgD-Fc-Ig fusion protein. The hIgD-Fc-Ig fusion protein showed no effect on PBMC proliferation. But it could downregulate human IgD protein promoting proliferation effects in human PBMC. CONCLUSION This result suggests that IgD and IgDR play an important role on T/B cell activation in RA patients and the hIgD-Fc-Ig fusion protein may competitively inhibit IgD's function and may play an therapeutic role in autoimmune diseases.

OBJECTIVETo study the influences of endocannabinoid-anandamide (AEA) on the proliferation and apoptosis of the colorectal cancer cell line (CaCo-2) and to elucidate the effects of CB1 and lipid rafts, and to further elucidate the molecular mechanism and the effect of AEA on the generation and development of colorectal cancer.

METHODSHuman colorectal cancer cell line CaCo-2 was cultured in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum in 5% CO(2) atmosphere at 37°C. CaCo-2 cells were divided into different groups and treated with different concentrations of AEA, AEA + SR141716A, AEA + AM630 and AEA + methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MCD). MTT assay was used to determine the effects of AEA, its putative CB1, CB2 receptor antagonists (SR141716A and AM630) and MCD on the proliferation of CaCo-2 cells. Annexin V-PE/7AAD binding assay was used to detect apoptosis in the CaCo-2 cells. Western-blot was applied to check the expressions of CB1, CB2, p-AKT and caspase-3 proteins in different groups of CaCo-2 cells.

RESULTSAEA inhibited the proliferation of CaCo-2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner and the effect could be antagonized by SR141716A and MCD. The inhibiting rates were (21.52 ± 0.45)%, (42.16 ± 0.21)%, (73.64 ± 0.73)% and (83.28 ± 0.71)%, respectively, at different concentrations of AEA (5, 10, 20 and 40 µmol/L). The three groups (20 µmol/L AEA, 20 µmol/L AEA + 10 µmol/L SR141716A and 20 µmol/L AEA + 1 mmol/L MCD) showed different inhibiting rates [(73.64 ± 0.73)%, (16.15 ± 0.75)% and (12.58 ± 0.63)%], respectively. Annexin V-PE/7AAD binding assay showed that AEA induced apoptosis in the CaCo-2 cells and MCD could antagonize this effect. The apoptosis rates of the three groups (control, 20 µmol/L AEA and 20 µmol/L AEA + 1 mmol/L MCD) were (2.95 ± 0.73)%, (39.61 ± 0.73)% and (14.10 ± 0.64)%, respectively. The expressions of CB1, CB2, p-AKT and Caspase-3 proteins were all observed in the CaCo-2 cells. AEA inhibited p-AKT protein expression and induced caspase-3 protein expression. The two actions were also antagonized by MCD.

CONCLUSIONSAEA can strongly suppress the proliferation of colorectal cancer CaCo-2 cells via the CB1 receptor and membrane cholesterol-LRs and induce apoptosis via lipid rafts. Anandamide plays a very important role in the carcinogenesis and development of colorectal cancer. MCD is a critical member in this system.

Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Arachidonic Acids ; antagonists & inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Caco-2 Cells ; Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators ; antagonists & inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endocannabinoids ; Humans ; Indoles ; pharmacology ; Membrane Microdomains ; metabolism ; Piperidines ; pharmacology ; Polyunsaturated Alkamides ; antagonists & inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism ; Pyrazoles ; pharmacology ; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; beta-Cyclodextrins ; metabolism

OBJECTIVEMyriocin (ISP-1) is a new type of immune inhibitor extracted from cordyceps sinensis. This study was to observe the effects of ISP-1 on the expression of cell cycle regulatory protein D1 (cyclinD1) in high glucose-induced hypertrophy rat glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs).

METHODSRat GMCs were cultured in vitro and divided into three groups: high glucose (450 mg/dL D-glucose), normal glucose (100 mg/dL D-glucose, control) and ISP-1 (450 mg/dL D-glucose plus 100 μg/mL ISP-1). The protein expression of cyclinD1 was detected by flow cytometry.

RESULTSThe expression of cyclinD1 in GMCs in the high glucose group increased significantly in a time-dependent manner compared with that in the control group. ISP-1 treatment significantly inhibited the up-regulated expression of cyclinD1 induced by high concentration glucose, and the expression of cyclinD1 was restored to the level of the control group 48 and 72 hrs after ISP-1 treatment.

CONCLUSIONSHigh concentration of glucose can up-regulate the expression of cyclinD1 in GMCs. ISP-1 may inhibit the up-regulated expression of cyclinD1, which might contribute to the protective effect of ISP-1 against GMC hypertrophy induced by high glucose.

Animals ; Cyclin D1 ; analysis ; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated ; pharmacology ; G1 Phase ; Glucose ; toxicity ; Hypertrophy ; Mesangial Cells ; chemistry ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

William Henry·Welch (1850-1934) was a famous American pathologist, bacteriologist and medical school administrator. He introduced European exquisite experimental technology, frontier bacteriology theory and innovative scientific research thinking into American medical field, promoted American health reform, and promoted the development of public health in the United States. At the same time, Welch founded the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, the first public health school in the United States, and provided a blueprint for world public health education.

OBJECTIVE To observe whether human CD4 + T cells could be activated by immuno-globulin D (IgD) via IgD receptor(IgDR)-Lck. METHODS Human CD4+ T cells were purified from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with microbeads. The viability of T cells were detected by CCK-8. The binding affinity and expression of IgDR on T cells were detected by flow cytometry. The protein expression of IgDR, Lck and P-Lck were analyzed by western blot. RESULTS IgD could concentration-dependent bind to IgDR on CD4+ T cells. The expression of IgDR was increased in response to treatment with IgD in a time- dependent and concentration- dependent manner. Stimulating by IgD resulted in enhanced phosphorylation of Lck compared with that in the medium control sample. The expression of Lck was not changed. As inhibitor of PTK, Herbimycin A or A770041, which combined with IgD could significantly inhibit phosphorylation of Lck(Tyr394). The proliferation promoting effect of IgD was blocked by Herbimycin A or A770041. IgD could stimulate CD4+ T cell activation and proliferation through upreg?ulating activating tyrosine residue of Lck (Tyr394) phosphorylation. CONCLUSION These results demon?strate that IgD exaggerates CD4+T cell activities, which may be through promoting Lck phosphorylation.

Objective To find out factors related to avascular necrosis (AVN) of femoral head through a retrospective study of patients with femoral neck fractures treated with cannulated screws.Methods Two hundred and thirty cases of femoral neck fracture whn had been treated with cannulated screws in our department from August 1994 to October 2003 were analyzed statistically.Six factors of patient,age,gender,fracture type (Garden clas- sification),reduction method (close or open),the quality of reduction (Garden Index) and time interval from injury to surgery were analyzed statistically with rank sum test and logistic multiple regression.Results Factors that might have an impact on avascular necrosis of femoral head were ranked in the following likelihood sequence: fracture type,quality of reduction,reduction method,time interval from injury to surgery and age.Gender was found to have little impact on the prognosis of femoral neck fracture (P＞0.05).Conclusions Fracture displacement is the most critical factor that influences the prognosis.Anatomical reduction (close or open) must be achieved to re- duce the risk of AVN.Timing of surgery shows its importance.High age will not lead to an increased incidence of AVN.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize 210 cases of lung cancer that underwent pneumonectomy,and to study the therapy value of pneumonectomy for lung cancer. METHODS: Between January 1993 and December 2004,210 patients (169 males and 41 females) with lung cancer underwent pneumonectomy in our hospital with the mean age of 54.77 years. Out of the 210 cases 144 had left pneumonectomy, and 66 had right pneumonectomy. Among them, 26 experienced intrapericardial pneumonectomy,1 inferior vena cava reconstruction, and 1 carina reconstruction. All bronchial stumps were closed by manual suture,and systemic node dissection was performed routinely. RESULTS: No one died during the operation, but 59 patients (28.10%) experienced postoperative complications and 9 patients (4.28%) died within 30 days of operation. After exclusion of postoperative deaths, the 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates were 66.21%,36.13% and 24.26%, respectively. Only 1 out of the 12 patients with small cell carcinoma survived more than 3 years. CONCLUSION Mortality and morbidity were high in pneumonectomy.If we carefully and properly select the patients, enhance postoperative monitoring and perioperative treatment, and combine with chemo-and/or radiotherapy,pneumonectomy will surely be effective for patients with lung cancer.
Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; mortality ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; mortality ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonectomy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Survival Analysis ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVEHepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis (HBV-GN) is an immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis. The present study was conducted to identify HBV S gene mutation in children with HBV-GN.

METHODSSerum HBV DNA was extracted in 53 children, including 30 with HBV-GN, 5 with HBV-carrying nephrosis (control group 1), and 18 HBV carriers (control group 2). HBV S gene sequence was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR products were sequenced directly and compared with AY167097.1, an epidemic HBV strain in China.

RESULTS(1) The adw serotype of HBV was found in all the 30 cases with HBV-GN, 5 cases with HBV-carrying nephrosis and 17 HBV carriers except for 1, in whom adr serotype was identified. (2) HBV genotype B was found in 29 children with HBV-GN, 5 cases with HBV-carrying nephrosis and 17 HBV carriers, genotype E was found in a child with HBV-GN, and genotype C in an HBV carrier. (3) A total of 17 kinds of different single nucleotide change in HBV S gene were identified in 21 of 30 (70%) HBV-GN patients. Among them, 16 of 21 (76.2%) nucleotide mutations resulted in amino acid substitution. It was interesting that most (11/16, 68.8%) amino acid substitutions involved threonine, serine and tyrosine, the potential phosphorylation sites of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) in HBV protein. Single nucleotide changes which didn not result in amino acid substitution were found in 2 HBV-carrying nephrosis patients, 2 HBV carriers and 5 cases with HBV-GN.

CONCLUSIONSingle nucleotide changes in HBV S gene were found in most children with HBV-GN. Most mutations in HBsAg resulted in amino acid substitutions involving threonine, serine and tyrosine, which may play a role in the pathogenesis of HBV-GN.

Amino Acid Substitution ; Carrier State ; Child ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; DNA, Viral ; genetics ; Genes ; Genotype ; Glomerulonephritis ; virology ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Humans ; Mutation ; Viral Envelope Proteins ; genetics