Objective To investigate the relationship between polymorphisms of PPARγ gene(rs1801282, rs3856806 and rs4684847) and hypertension in Uygur. Methods Polymorphisms of PPARγ gene,rs1801282, rs3856806 and rs4684847, were identified in 145 hypertension patients and 165 healthy volunteersby matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Results(1)Frequencies of rs1801282 CC genotype and C allele were 75.9% and 87.2% in hypertension grouprespectively, which were higher than those in control group (63.6% and 79.7%, respectively, P < 0.05);(2) After risk analysis, individuals with GG and CG genotypes of rs1801282 had 0.273 and 0.594 times higherrisks to develop hypertension than those with CC genotype respectively , while individuals with C allele had 1.742times higher risk to develop hypertension than those with G allele ; (3) Multivariate logistic regression analysisshowed that polymorphism of rs1801282, overweight and obesity were risk factors for the incidence ofhypertension. (4) No significant differences in both frequencies of rs3856806 and rs4684847 genotypes andallele were noted between hypertension group and control group (P > 0.05). (5) SBP in rs1801282 CC genotypecarriers was higher than in CG / GG gene ones, whereas TC was opposite (P < 0.05). Conclusions In theUygur, individuals with CC genotype and C allele at rs1801282 of PPARγ gene are at higher risk ofhypertension. Polymorphism of rs3856806 and rs4684847 may be irrelevant with hypertension in the Uygur.

Treatment-emergent central sleep apnea (TECSA) is a specific form of sleep-disordered breathing, characterized by the emergence or persistence of central apneas during treatment for obstructive sleep apnea. The purpose of this review was to summarize the definition, epidemiology, potential mechanisms, clinical characteristics, and treatment of TECSA. We searched for relevant articles up to January 31, 2020, in the PubMed database. The prevalence of TECSA varied widely in different studies. The potential mechanisms leading to TECSA included ventilatory control instability, low arousal threshold, activation of lung stretch receptors, and prolonged circulation time. TECSA may be a self-limited disorder in some patients and could be resolved spontaneously over time with ongoing treatment of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). However, central apneas persist even with the regular CPAP therapy in some patients, and new treatment approaches such as adaptive servo-ventilation may be necessary. We concluded that several questions regarding TECSA remain, despite the findings of many studies, and it is necessary to carry out large surveys with basic scientific design and clinical trials for TECSA to clarify these irregularities. Further, it will be vital to evaluate the baseline demographic and polysomnographic data of TECSA patients more carefully and comprehensively.
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ; Humans ; Lung ; Respiration ; Sleep Apnea, Central/therapy* ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive

OBJECTIVETo explore significance of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) testing in atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H).

METHODSPresence of HR-HPV DNA was examined in 45 patients with ASC-H using hybrid capture II (HC-II) test. Colposcopic examination and biopsy were taken all results were evaluated.

RESULTSOverall, 33 of 45 (73.3%) ASC-H cases were biopsy proven cervical intraepithelial lesion (CIN). 36 of 45 ASC-H cases were HPV-DNA positive, including 19 cases of HSIL and over lesion; whereas no HSIL or over was found in 9 HR-HPV negative cases. Sensitivity and negativity predictive value of HR-HPV in ASC-H with HSIL and over lesion were both 100%.

CONCLUSIONSASC-H strongly predicts the presence of HSIL, HR-HPV may serve as a predict select whether a patient with ASC-H should take colposcopic examination immediately, patients with positive HR-HPV should undergo immediate colposcopic examination, while negative HR-HPV is an excellent predictor of the absence of HSIL.

Adult ; Aged ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; virology ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; pathology ; virology ; Colposcopy ; DNA, Viral ; analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Papillomaviridae ; isolation & purification ; Papillomavirus Infections ; Precancerous Conditions ; pathology ; virology ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; pathology ; virology ; Uterine Cervicitis ; pathology ; virology ; Vaginal Smears ; Young Adult

This study was aimed to evaluate the in vivo antitumor effect of genetically modified myeloma cell vaccine on human myeloma xenografts implanted into nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice. Human immune system was established in NOD/SCID mice by intraperitoneal injection of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). After being inoculated subcutaneously with irradiated myeloma cell line sko-007, adenovirally transferred with GFP or p53, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and B7-1 genes, huPBL-NOD/SCID mice were challenged by subcutaneous injection of non-transferred sko-007 cells. The results indicated that Ad-p53/GM-CSF/B7-1-infected sko-007 cell vaccination significantly reduced local tumor growth compared with controls. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis showed that tumor tissues increasingly displayed diffuse necrosis, mainly caused by apoptosis, accompanied with significant fibroplasias and blood vessel hyperplasia, and human T cells infiltrated into the tumor tissues. It is concluded that transgenic p53, GM-CSF and B7-1 expression produces an immune response against myeloma cells and may be of therapeutic value for multiple myeloma in human being.
Adenoviridae ; genetics ; Animals ; B7-1 Antigen ; genetics ; immunology ; Cancer Vaccines ; immunology ; Genes, p53 ; immunology ; Genetic Vectors ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; genetics ; immunology ; Immunotherapy ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Mice, SCID ; Multiple Myeloma ; immunology ; Neoplasm Transplantation

BACKGROUNDMany treatment options for lower limb ischemia are difficult to apply for the patients with poor arterial outflow or with poor general conditions. The effect of medical treatment alone is far from ideal, especially in patients with diabetic foot. A high level amputation is inevitable in these patients. This study aimed to explore the effect of transplantation of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells on the treatment of lower limb ischemia and to compare the effect of intra-arterial transplantation with that of intra-muscular transplantation.

METHODSIn this clinical trial, 32 patients with lower limb ischemia were divided into two groups. Group 1 (16 patients with 18 affected limbs) received transplantation of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells by intra-muscular injection into the affected limbs; and group 2 (16 patients with 17 affected limbs) received transplantation of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells by intra-arterial injection into the affected limbs. Rest pain, coldness, ankle/brachial index (ABI), claudication, transcutaneous oxygen pressure (tcPO(2)) and angiography (15 limbs of 14 patients) were evaluated before and after the mononuclear cell transplantation to determine the effect of the treatment.

RESULTSTwo patients died from heart failure. The improvement of rest pain was seen in 76.5% (13/17) of group 1 and 93.3% (14/15) of group 2. The improvement of coldness was 100% in both groups. The increase of ABI was 44.4% (8/18) in group 1 and 41.2% (7/17) in group 2. The value of tcPO(2) increased to 20 mmHg or more in 20 limbs. Nine of 15 limbs which underwent angiography showed rich collaterals. Limb salvage rate was 83.3% (15/18) in group 1 and 94.1% (16/17) in group 2. There was no statistically significant difference in the effectiveness of the treatment between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONSTransplantation of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells is a simple, safe and effective method for the treatment of lower limb ischemia, and the two approaches for the implantation, intra-muscular injection and intra-arterial injection, show similar results.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Female ; Humans ; Ischemia ; therapy ; Leg ; blood supply ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Transplantation, Autologous

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA) on differentiation of HL-60 cells and its possible molecular mechanism. HL-60 cells were co-cultured with different concentrations of HMBA (0.5, 1, 2 mmol/L) for 4 days, then the proliferation was assayed by MTT at different time points. Wright-Giemsa staining was used to observe the change in morphology. Cell differentiation antigen CD11b expression and the altered distribution of cell cycle in HL-60 induced by HMBA were analyzed by flow cytometry. The expressions of c-myc, mad1, p21, p27, hTERT and HDAC1 mRNA were detected by RT-PCR. The results indicated that the proliferation of HL-60 cells was inhibited by HMBA in a time-and-dose-dependent manner. Upon 2 mmol/L HMBA treatment, the HL-60 cells arrested at G(0)/G(1) phase and differentiated into granular line in morphology, with the up-regulation of CD11b expression. The expression of c-myc and hTERT mRNA obviously down-regulated, the expression of p21, p27 and mad1 mRNA up-regulated, while there was no change of the expression of hTERT mRNA. It is concluded that effect of HMBA on the differentiation of HL-60 cells may partly contribute to switch from c-myc to mad1 expression, to up-regulate expressions of p21 and p27 mRNA, and down-regulate hTERT mRNA expression, while there is no relation with the expression of HDAC1 mRNA.
Acetamides ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; genetics ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans

Objective:The hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) role in pathogenesis of various diseases were wildly addressed in recent decade.The circulatory (plasma or serum) and biological fluid H2S measurement is still an enormous issues due to the technical limitation.This paper aimed to develop a novel measurement method based on fluorescence probe.Methods:Firstly,20 μL ethanol was used to dissolve 100 pmol fluorescence probe,then added in a 96-well plate.An equal volume of ethanol was also added to the blank well of the plate.The plate was placed in a dark room for about 1 h until the fluorescence probe was evenly coated in the 96-well microplate and dried.The plate was frozen at-20 ℃ for later use.Secondly,the plasma or serum sample was added with saturated ammonium sulfate buffer (pH 7.8) and then centrifuged to remove the proteins.The equal volume supernatant liquid was added to the probecoated well and the probe-uncoated well.The plate was incubated in a dark environment at 37 ℃ for 2 h.Finally,after incubation,the fluorescence density was acquired at λEx/λEm 340/445 nm in a microplate reader.The differences of the fluorescence density values between the probe-coated well and probeuncoated well were counted and H2S concentration of plasma/serum was calculated by standard curve with NaHiS.Results:The method had high sensitivity (from 0.3 to 100 μmol/L) and specificity for measuring H2S as compared with other biologically relevant reactive sulfur species and sulfur-containing amino acid.Serum H2S concentrations were assayed in 188 health volunteers using this method [(12.1 ±3.5) μmol/L,95％ CI:4.6-19.8 μmol/L],and the frequency distribution showed a normal tendency(one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test,P ＞ 0.1).The serum H2S concentrations in 30 hypertension patients were decreased compared with 22 age-and gender-matched health individuals (paired-samples t test,t =9.937,P ＜ 0.001).There were no differences of H2S concentration in serum [(19.66 ±2.32) μmol/L] or plasma [(18.67 ±2.07) μmol/L],between the samples acquired from artery [(19.34 ±0.51) μmol/L] or vein [(18.99 ±0.50) μ mol/L] of male Wistar rats (repeated measurement of ANOVA,P =0.38).One week frozen samples did not affect the detection.The values of the repeated measurement did not differ (two-way ANOVA,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion:The present method is easily performed with high sensitivity,specificity and repeatability for circulatory H2S.It is also quick and may apply for large samples.

Objective In this study, electroacupuncture (EA) was used to analyze the expression changes of related proteins in neuroglobin (NGB), PI3K/AKT and apoptotic pathways in the temporal cortex of bilirubin encephalopathy (BE) rats, so as to investigate the therapeutic effect of EA on BE and the relevant mechanism of NGB in this process. Totally 39 seven-day-old SD rats were divided into Sham, BE model and BE+EA groups. The neonatal BE model was established by injecting bilirubin solution (10 μg UCB/g Weight) into the cerebellomedullary cistern, Sham group was injected with the same amount of normal saline. BE rats were treated with EA at Baihui (GV20) and Quchi (LI11) acupoints with the frequency of 2/15 Hz for 15 min. Treatment was performed 12 h before modeling, followed by treatment every 12 h, in a total of three times. HE, Nissl staining and electron microscopy (TEM) were used to observe the pathological and ultrastructural changes of nerve cells in each group. Results showed that EA treatment reduced the damage of cortical neurons of BE rats and increase the number of Nissl bodies. TEM confirmed that EA treatment could alleviate the degree of mitochondria edema. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression sites and cell types of NGB. Results showed that NGB was mainly expressed in cortical neurons. Western blotting showed that EA treatment increased the expression of NGB, PI3K (p110 alpha), pAKT (Ser473) (P< 0. 05, P< 0. 05 and P< 0. 01, respectively) and the ratio of apoptosis-related protein Bcl-2/Bax (P < 0. 001), decreased the expression of Cleaved Caspase-3 (P< 0. 05) in the temporal cortex of rats. TUNEL staining showed that EA reduced the number of apoptotic cells (BE group 186. 00±13. 86 vs BE+EA group 78. 67±11. 85, P< 0. 01) . This study confirms that EA can promote the expression of NGB in the temporal cortex of BE rats, then activate the PI3K/AKT pathway to exert its neuroprotective function and inhibit the occurrence of apoptosis. EA may become a potential treatment method for BE.

OBJECTIVEIn mid-July 2005, five patients presented with septic shock to a hospital in Ziyang city in Sichuan, China, to identify the etiology of the unknown reason disease, an epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory study were conducted.

METHODSAn enhanced surveillance program were established in Sichuan, the following activities were introduced: active case finding in Sichuan of (a) laboratory diagnosed Streptococcus suis infection and (b) clinically diagnosed probable cases with exposure history; supplemented by (c) monitoring reports on meningococcal meningitis. Streptococcus suis serotype 2 infection was confirmed by culture and biochemical reactions, followed by sequencing for specific genes for serotype and virulence factors.

RESULTSFrom June 10 to August 21, 2005, 68 laboratory confirmed cases of human Streptococcus suis infections were reported. All were villagers who gave a history of direct exposure to deceased or sick pigs in their backyards where slaughtering was performed. Twenty six (38%) presented with toxic shock syndrome of which 15 (58%) died. Other presentations were septicaemia or meningitis. All isolates were tested positive for genes for tuf, species-specific 16S rRNA, cps2J, mrp, ef and sly. There were 136 clinically diagnosed probable cases with similar exposure history but incomplete laboratory investigations.

CONCLUSIONAn outbreak of human Streptococcus suis serotype 2 infections occurred in villagers after direct exposure to deceased or sick pigs in Sichuan. Prohibition of slaughtering in backyards brought the outbreak to a halt. A virulent strain of the bacteria is speculated to be in circulation, and is responsible for the unusual presentation of toxic shock syndrome with high case fatality.

Animals ; Bacteremia ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Meningitis, Bacterial ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Shock, Septic ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Streptococcal Infections ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; veterinary ; Streptococcus suis ; isolation & purification ; Swine ; Swine Diseases ; microbiology

ObjectiveTo explore the guidance value of “treatment of disease in accordance with three conditions” theory in the prevention and treatment of corona virus disease 2019（COVID-19） based on the differences of syndromes and traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） treatments in COVID-19 patients from Xingtai Hospital of Chinese Medicine of Hebei province and Ruili Hospital of Chinese Medicine and Dai Medicine of Yunnan province and discuss its significance in the prevention and treatment of the unexpected acute infectious diseases. MethodDemographics data and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients from the two hospitals were collected retrospectively and analyzed by SPSS 18.0. The information on formulas was obtained from the hospital information system （HIS） of the two hospitals and analyzed by the big data intelligent processing and knowledge service system of Guangdong Hospital of Chinese Medicine for frequency statistics and association rules analysis. Heat map-hierarchical clustering analysis was used to explore the correlation between clinical characteristics and formulas. ResultA total of 175 patients with COVID-19 were included in this study. The 70 patients in Xingtai，dominated by young and middle-aged males，had clinical symptoms of fever， abnormal sweating，and fatigue. The main pathogenesis is stagnant cold-dampness in the exterior and impaired yin by depressed heat， with manifest cold， dampness， and deficiency syndromes. The therapeutic methods highlight relieving exterior syndrome and resolving dampness， accompanied by draining depressed heat. The core Chinese medicines used are Poria，Armeniacae Semen Amarum，Gypsum Fibrosum，Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium，and Pogostemonis Herba. By contrast，the 105 patients in Ruili， dominated by young females， had atypical clinical symptoms， and most of them were asymptomatic patients or mild cases. The main pathogenesis is dampness obstructing the lung and the stomach， with obvious dampness and heat syndromes. The therapeutic methods are mainly invigorating the spleen， resolving dampness， and dispersing Qi with light drugs. The core Chinese medicines used are Poria，Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma，Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma，Coicis Semen，Platycodonis Radix，Lonicerae Japonicae Flos， and Pogostemonis Herba. ConclusionThe differences in clinical characteristics， TCM syndromes， and medication of COVID-19 patients from the two places may result from different regions，population characteristics， and the time point of the COVID-19 outbreak. The “treatment of disease in accordance with three conditions” theory can help to understand the internal correlation and guide the treatments.