Sick neonates often require periodic small volume transfusion (10mg/kg) to replace blood draw for laboratory monitoring during their hospital stay. The effect of packed red cel transfudion on the hematocrit, potassium, ionized calcium, acid base status, glucose and indirect bilirubin was investigated in 25 transfusions. Analysis of transfused blood by the age of the red cells, older red cells (more than 5 days old, 13+/-7 days) showed increased potassium (27.2+/-14.1mEq/L vs 11.3+/-4.9mEq/L), decreased bicarbonate (14.4+/-2.6mEq/L) and glucose (130+/-28mg/dl vs 203+/-93mg/dl) compared with newer red cells (less than 5 days)(p<0.05). No significant changes occured in hematocrit and pH. Inspite of these results, the transfusion of the older red cells did not affect the older red cells did not affect the serum potassium, ionized calcium, pH, bicarbonate, glucose and indirect bilirubin level in neonates. The hematocrit of infants increated significantly after transfusion from 29.6%+/-4.3% to 38.3%+/-6.1%(mean+/-SD)(P<0.05). Transfusion of older red cells seemed to be as equally effective as newer ones. The valus of hematocrit obtained immediately after transfusion does not show any differences compared to those obtained 30 min, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 24 hours after transfusion. The result in the study indicate that there was no adverse effect after transfusion with packed red cell more than 5 days old and no significant difference in hematocrit observed between 0 to 24 hours following transfusion. Therfore old red cell more than 5 days can be used safely for sick neonatal transfusion and the stored donor blood can be optimzed for repeated blood transfusion.
Bilirubin ; Blood Transfusion ; Calcium ; Glucose ; Hematocrit* ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Length of Stay ; Potassium ; Tissue Donors

Objective To explore the effect of different processing and drying methods of corn and hot pepper on fluorine content in coal-burning type of the endemic fluorosis areas, and to screen food processing and drying methods which meet the quality requirements of grain drying and able to effectively reduce the total fluoride intake of local population. Methods Farmers of endemic fluorosis area in Bijie, Guizhou province were divided into 3 groups: sun-baked drying group, stove drying group with air-tight cover and stove drying group with no cover, 10 households in each group. Corn and fresh hot pepper and samples dried for 2 weeks, or 1, 3, 6-month were collected, and water and fluoride content were detected, and the total daily fluoride intake were calculated in accordance with the "Determination of Water in Food" (GB/T 5009.3-2003) and "Determination of Fluorine in Foods"(GB/T 5009.18-2003). Results Fluoride content in fresh corn and dried for 2 weeks, or 1, 3, 6-month [of sunbaked drying group: (1.40 ± 0.16), (1.56 ± 0.14), (2.15 ± 0.47), (2.70 ± 0.64), (4.06 ± 1.75)mg/kg, stove drying group with air-tight cover: (1.41 ± 0.16), (2.39 ± 0.56), (4.60 ± 0.97), (8.46 ± 5.55), (11.36 ± 3.60)mg/kg,stove drying group with no cover: (1.40 ± 0.13), (4.69 ± 3.97), (4.47 ± 2.77), (9.65 ± 6.47), (26.12 ± 14.52)mg/kg] and pepper[sun-baked drying group: (5.41 ± 1.61), (16.60 ± 7.62), (32.60 ± 7.88), (50.26 ± 17.60),(240.20 ± 272.49)mg/kg, stove drying group with air-tight cover: (754 ± 2.95), (3238 ± 11.50), (119.18 ± 156.45),(224.00 ± 196.58), (495.70 ± 417.29)mg/kg, stove drying group with no cover: (4.82 ± 1.25), (44.30 ± 13.48),(122.89 ± 66.43), (334.23 ± 166.05), (531.01 ± 397.40)mg/kg] increased with elongation of drying time, and the group difference was significant(F = 44.77, 128.71, 126.87, 41.61, 53.63, 170.63, all P ＜ 0.05), with the largest rate of increase in stove drying group with no cover, and the lowest in sun-baked drying group;fluoride was significantly lower (t = 7.93,63.07,5.36,11.98,55.76,7.45, all P ＜ 0.05) after sample washing;total fluoride intake per person per day was 2.57 mg in local adult when ate washed and sun-baked corn, peppers, the total fluoride intake were 5.92, 8.14 mg when ate the food processed by other two drying methods and washed corn, peppers,respectively. Conclusions In the coal-burning type of fluorosis endemic area, should take appropriate health education measures, and instruct local residents to use sun bake their edible corn and pepper for human consumption, and cultivate a habit of washing corn and pepper before cooking, which can reduce the population total fluoride intake, and control endemic fluorosis.

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the influence of IgD on T/B cell activationand construct hIgD-Fc-Ig fusion protein to competitive inhibition IgD binding with IgDR. METHODS T/B cells were sorted by magnetic cell sorting. The differences of mIgD and IgD-R level between different T/B cell subtypes were detected by FCM. Serum IgD level was detected by ELISA. Human IgD-Fc-IgG1- Fc sequence was amplified by cross- PCR and then subcloned into PET28a(+ ) empty vector. After prokaryotic expression through escherichia coli, we obtained the hIgD-Fc-Ig fusion protein by affinity chromatograph. Western blot was used to identify the hIgD- Fc- Ig fusion protein. Human peripheral blood monouclear cells (PBMC) and fibroblast like synoviocytes (FLS) proliferation were detected using a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). RESULTS The percentage of CD3+/CD4+, CD3+/IgD+, CD3+/CD4+/IgD+, CD3+/IgD-R+ and CD3+/CD4+/IgD-R+ cells increased significantly in RA patients comparing to healthy people. IgD can stimulate PBMC proliferation. IgD (1, 3, 10, 30 μg·mL-1) stimulate PBMC proliferation significantly after 24 h. We obtained stable and active hIgD-Fc-Ig fusion protein. The hIgD-Fc-Ig fusion protein showed no effect on PBMC proliferation. But it could downregulate human IgD protein promoting proliferation effects in human PBMC. CONCLUSION This result suggests that IgD and IgDR play an important role on T/B cell activation in RA patients and the hIgD-Fc-Ig fusion protein may competitively inhibit IgD's function and may play an therapeutic role in autoimmune diseases.

Background Experimental data have shown tnat polymorpnisms in tne angiotensm-converting en- zyme 2(ACE2)gene are related to echocardiographically determined parameters of left ventricular mass,structure or function in the general population whether ACE2 genotype influences the effect of angi0tensin Ⅱ receptor blocker which improve left ventricular remodeling and function is unknown.Objective To investigate the association be- tween ACE2 gene G9570A polymorphism and the effect of irbesartan on left ventricular structure and function in hy- pertensive patients.Methods Two hundred and five male patients and 190 female patients who were preliminaryly diagnosised with mild and moderate essential hypertension were treated with irbesartan for 48 weeks with initial dose of 150 mg/d and titrated to 300 mg/d to reach the targed BP.Gene polymorphisms of ACE2 G9570A were detected by PCR-RFLP methods.The association between changes in the SBP,DBP,parameters of left ventricular struc- ture and function and genotypes of the ACE2 gene locus were analyzed.Results Irbesartan reducted in blood pres- sure in all patients(P

Neuroinflammation is closely associated with the development of neurodegeneration diseases, mental disorders and brain injuries. Innate immunity receptors are the first defense line against infections and injuries, which play a critical role in the neuroinflammation and nervous system diseases.This review,focuses on the type classification,function,regulatory mechanism for the innate immunity receptors,and illustrates their roles and molecular mechanism in the development of neuroin-flammation and nervous system diseases.In addition,we will review the current drugs for treating related nervous system diseases, and the possibility of developing new drugs that target neuroinflammation and using anti-inflammatory drugs clinically.

OBJECTIVE To observe whether human CD4 + T cells could be activated by immuno-globulin D (IgD) via IgD receptor(IgDR)-Lck. METHODS Human CD4+ T cells were purified from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with microbeads. The viability of T cells were detected by CCK-8. The binding affinity and expression of IgDR on T cells were detected by flow cytometry. The protein expression of IgDR, Lck and P-Lck were analyzed by western blot. RESULTS IgD could concentration-dependent bind to IgDR on CD4+ T cells. The expression of IgDR was increased in response to treatment with IgD in a time- dependent and concentration- dependent manner. Stimulating by IgD resulted in enhanced phosphorylation of Lck compared with that in the medium control sample. The expression of Lck was not changed. As inhibitor of PTK, Herbimycin A or A770041, which combined with IgD could significantly inhibit phosphorylation of Lck(Tyr394). The proliferation promoting effect of IgD was blocked by Herbimycin A or A770041. IgD could stimulate CD4+ T cell activation and proliferation through upreg?ulating activating tyrosine residue of Lck (Tyr394) phosphorylation. CONCLUSION These results demon?strate that IgD exaggerates CD4+T cell activities, which may be through promoting Lck phosphorylation.

OBJECTIVETo study the role of the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

METHODSThe human stromal cells of BPH were isolated and cultured. The proliferation of the stromal cells cultured in serum-free medium was detected by MTT method, the phenotype changes of smooth muscle cells detected by immunohistochemical method, and the effect of different concentrations of bFGF and TGF-beta1 on the cultured stromal cells of BPH observed.

RESULTSbFGF stimulated the cultured BPH stromal cell proliferation (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) and decreased the expression of smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotype in higher concentration (10 microg/L). TGF-beta1 (> 1 microg/L) inhibited stromal cell proliferation and increased the expression of SMC phenotype (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). 5 microg/ml bFGF and TGF-beta1 (0.001 microg/L, 0.01 microg/L) promoted stromal cell proliferation (P < 0.01), while 5 microg/L bFGF and TGF-beta1 (0.1 microg/L, 1 microg/L, 10 microg/L) inhibited it, slightly in 0.1 microg/L (P > 0.05) and significantly in 1 microg/L and 10 microg/L (P < 0.01), and increased the expression of SMC phenotype in higher concentration (> 1 microg/L, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONbFGF stimulates the proliferation of the prostatic stromal cells of BPH in a time- and dose-dependent fashion and decreases the expression of SMC phenotype, TGF-beta1 inhibits the growth of stromal cells and induces the differentiation of stromal cells to SMC, both playing an important role in the mechanism of BPH.

Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Smooth ; cytology ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; pathology ; Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; physiology

Objective To evaluate the value of contrast-enhanced whole-heart coronary magnetic resonance angiography ( CE CMRA ) at 3.0 T in the delineation of cardiac venous anatomy. Methods Contrast-enhanced whole-heart CMRA at 3.0T was performed in 43 consecutive subjects using ECG-triggered, navigator-gated, inversion-recovery prepared, segmented gradient-echo sequence with a 32-channel cardiac coil. The visibility of the coronary veins was graded visually using a 4-point scale.Continuous variable was expressed as (-x)±s. The paired student t test was used to evaluate the differences of the coronary sinus (CS) ostium diameter in anteroposterior and superoinferior directions. Results CMRA examination was successfully completed in 40 subjects with acquisition time of ( 6. 9 ± 1.8 ) min. The cardiac veins were finally evaluated in 38 of 40 (95.0%) subjects. The mean distance of the posterior vein of the left ventricle (PVLV) and the left marginal vein (LMV) to the CS ostium were (3.34 ± 0. 90) and (6. 12 ± 1.02) cm, respectively. The mean visibility scores of CS, posterior interventricular vein (PIV),PVLV, LMV, and anterior interventricular vein (AIV) were 4.0 ± 0.0, 3.4 ± 0. 5, 3.4 ± 0. 5, 3.0 ± 0. 8,and 3. 3 ± 0. 5, respectively. The diameter of the CS ostium in the superoinferior direction ( 1.13 ±0. 26) cm was larger than that in the anteroposterior direction (0. 82 ± 0. 19) cm (t = -4. 31 ,P <0. 05).Conclusion Contrast-enhanced whole-heart CMRA at 3.0 T can clearly depict the cardiac venous anatomy.

Arterial thrombosis is relatively rare compared with venous thrombosis in nephrotic syndrome. However, the assessment of its pathogenesis and risk factors in individual patient with nephrotic syndrome is necessary to allow appropriate prophylactic management because it is a potentially serious problem. Hereby, with review of the literature, we report a case of a 53 yr-old man with cerebral infarction associated with nephrotic syndrome due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis during the course of treatments with diuretics and steroid. It reveals that the hypercoagulable state in nephrotic syndrome can be associated with cerebral infarction in adults. Prophylactic anticoagulants can be considered to reduce the risk of serious cerebral infarction in nephrotic patients with risk factors such as severe hypoalbuminemia and on diuretics or steroid treatment, even in young patients regardless of types of underlying glomerular diseases.
Cerebral Infarction/epidemiology/*etiology/pathology ; Human ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrotic Syndrome/*complications/epidemiology ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo identify the association between PLIN 1237 polymorphism and obesity in Chinese Han adults.

METHODSA total of 994 adults (157 obese subjects, 322 overweight subjects, and 515 normal controls) were recruited from two rural communities. PLIN 1237 polymorphism was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction-fragment-length-polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Association between PLIN polymorphisms and obesity status was estimated by ordinal logistic regression.

RESULTSThe three genotypes of PLIN 1237 were detected with a percentage of 54.3%, 37.1%, and 8.6% in TT, TC, and CC genotypes, respectively. For the PLIN 1237 polymorphism locus, the frequency of alleles T and C was 0.73 and 0.27, respectively. The PLIN 1237 polymorphisms were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. PLIN 1237 polymorphism was not associated with obesity. The odds ratio for overweight or obesity for the CC+TC genotype was 0.8 (0.4, 1.4) in women (P = 0.4) and 0.6 (0.3, 1.3) in men (P = 0.2) after adjustment for age, education, household income and alcohol consumption, smoking, and physical activity.

CONCLUSIONChinese Han adults have a lower frequency of variant-allele C in PLIN 1237. PLIN 1237 T > C polymorphism is not significantly associated with obesity in northern Chinese adults.

Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Carrier Proteins ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity ; genetics ; Perilipin-1 ; Phosphoproteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; genetics