Through scale-up cultivation of Eriobotrya japonica suspension cells using WAVE bioreactor, the cell growth and ursolic acid (UA) accumulation were studied. The comparison test was carried out in the flask and the reactor with cell dry weight (DW) and UA content as evaluation indexes. The culture medium, DW and UA content were compared in 1 L and 5 L working volumes of bioreactor. The orthogonal test with main actors of inoculation amount, speed and angle of rotation was developed to find the optimal combination, in 1 L working volume of bioreactor. DW of the cell growth and the UA content in bioreactor were higher than those of the shaker by 105.5% and 27.65% respectively. In bioreactor, the dynamic changes of elements in the fluid culture, the dry weight of the cell growth and the UA content in 1 L and 5 L working volumes were similar. Inoculation of 80 g, rotational speed of 26 r · min(-1), and angle of 6 ° was the optimal combination, and the cell biomass of 19.01 g · L(-1) and the UA content of 27.750 mg · g(-1) were achieved after 100 h cultivation in 1 L working volume of bioreactor. WAVE Bioreactor is more suitable than flasks for the E. japonica cell suspension culture, and culture parameters can be achieved from 1 L to 5 L amplification.
Biomass ; Bioreactors ; Cell Culture Techniques ; instrumentation ; methods ; Culture Media ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Eriobotrya ; chemistry ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Triterpenes ; analysis ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore the relation of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) of the aged with clustering of other cardiovascular risk factors.

METHODSTotal 654 old people were checked up, and the systolic blood press (SBP), diastolic blood press (DBP), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of them were investigated according to different BMI and WC, then the other cardiovascular risk factors analysis was carried out on the detection rates of SBP, DBP, TC, HDL-C, FPG level and high blood pressure, high TC, high TG. The clustering of the other cardiovascular risk factors was analyzed.

RESULTSThe rising of BMI and WC was regular cardiovascular risk factor in the aged. The average level of SBP, DBP, TC, TG, and FPG of the aged was obviously rising along with BMI and WC increasing, meanwhile the HDL-C was obviously decreased, and the detection rates of high blood pressure, high TC, TG and diabetes mellitus were obviously increased. When the BMI was 24 kg/m(2)-27.9 kg/m2, the detection rates of high blood pressure, high TC, TG and diabetes mellitus were 59.74%, 3.89%, 28.57%, 10.06% respectively, and their risks of suffering high blood pressure, high TC and TG were 1.65, 1.88, 1.85 times of those with normal BMI. When the BMI > or = 28.0 kg/m2, the detection rates of high blood pressure, high TC, TG and diabetes mellitus were 83.05%, 5.08%, 35.59%, 15.25% respectively, and their risks of suffering high blood pressure, high TC and TG were 5.44, 2.60, 2.98 times of those with normal BMI. When the man WC > or = 85 cm or women WC > or = 80 cm, the detection rates of high blood pressure, high TC, TG and diabetes mellitus were 66.15.%, 4.47%, 29.57%, 10.12%, and their risks of suffering high blood pressure, high TC and TG were 3.52, 6.51, 1.68 times of those with normal BMI. The rate of the aged with several cardiovascular risk factors was significantly increased for those with BMI > or = 24.0 kg/m2 or man WC > or = 85 cm or women WC > or = 80 cm.

CONCLUSIONThe rising of BMI and WC should be important factor for the clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in the aged.

Age Factors ; Aged ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; blood ; etiology ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity ; epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Triglycerides ; blood ; Waist Circumference

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of Brucella aggregation of disease outbreaks, and explore the causes and possible routes of transmission in Tongxiang City for proposing prevention and control measures.Methods A case investigation was done to the first case of bovine brucellosis, while search of new case was carried out in the population.Epidemiological survey was carried out in accordance with the case study form from Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention that developed the unified form, at the same time, survey of risk factors were carried out.According to the principle of informed consent, blood samples were collected, brucellosis rose bengal plate agglutination test (RBPT) and tube agglutination test (SAT) were used, and positive specimens were identified by Brucella culture.Brucellosis diagnosis was based on Brucellosis Diagnostic Criteria (WS 269-2007).Results The first case was a male Fifty-six years old wine salesman from the farmers market.Serum of the patient was (+) in RBPT test, and 1 : 400 (++) in SAT test.Cattle Brucella was check out by blood culture.Totally 66 human serum samples from the case search in key groups were tested, three people were detected seropositive but Brucella culture result was negative.Three cases were determined latent infection who had contacted beef sales staff.Conclusions The survey has shown that it is possible to get infected through contact with respiratory, skin, mucous membranes of Brucella infected beef or contaminated environment.Epidemic form should be concerned of non-professional personnel who are infected with different isoforms of brucellosis.The training of clinicians should be strengthened to improve their diagnosis and treatment technology.Health education should also be carried out to raise awareness of key population of disease prevention.

This research explored the synergistic effects and the potential mechanisms of RCE-4 and various nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the proliferation of cervical cancer Ca Ski cells. The MTT assay and CalcuSyn V2.0 software were used to detect cell proliferation and calculate the combination index (CI); the expression levels of various proteins were analyzed using Western blot assay; mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was assessed using JC-1 staining; acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) double-fluorescence staining was used to detect the apoptosis of Ca Ski cells; a co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay was used to analyze the relative content of Bcl-2-Beclin 1 complex in Ca Ski cells. The results demonstrate that the combination of RCE-4 and NSAIDs increases the inhibition of Ca Ski cells compared to the single-RCE-4 group, and celecoxib provided the best synergistic effect among the four NSAIDs tested, with a CI of 0.32. The combination of RCE-4 and celecoxib significantly down-regulated the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB), and promoted the expression of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs activity gene-1 (NAG-1). In addition, autophagy induced by RCE-4 was markedly inhibited in combination with celecoxib, which was associated with down-regulation of the expression of microtubule-associated protein 3 (LC3)-II, Beclin 1, p62 and autophagy-related gene (ATG) 3/4B/5/7/14. RCE-4-induced apoptosis was significantly enhanced by altering the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and the expression of B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), B cell lymphoma-xl (Bcl-xl), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), Bcl-2/Bcl-xl-associated death promoter (Bad) and cleaved cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase (cleaved-caspase) 3/7/9. Furthermore, the formation of the Bcl-2-Beclin 1 complex was significantly inhibited in Ca Ski cells treated with RCE-4 in combination with celecoxib. Taken together, this research shows that the combination of RCE-4 and celecoxib has a significant synergistic effect on the proliferation of Ca Ski cells by promoting apoptosis, inhibiting autophagy and disturbing the formation of the Bcl-2-Beclin 1 complex, which may be a novel strategy to increase the sensitivity of anti-cervical cancer drugs.

Based on the Bacillus sp., isolated from Lop Nur Desert, the technology of separation and purification and the antioxidant effect were studied. After centrifugation and vacuum filtration, the deproteinization of supernatant was operated with Sevag reagent. The crude exopolysaccharide (EPS) was obtained by precipitation with ethanol. The optimum conditions for the isolation were as follow: pH 7.0, temperature 4?C, time 1.5 h, and material to ethanol ratio 1: 4. Dissolved in water, the crude EPS was fractional separated on activated carbon column (1.5 cm ? 24 cm), eluted with distilled water, 60% ethanol, 95% ethanol, and the main fraction was collected. Then the EPS was purified on Sephadex G-100 gel column, eluted with NaCl (0.2 mol/L). Fractions (4 mL, each) were also combined according to total sugar by phenol-sulfuric acid method and protein content was determined by Coomassie brilliant blue. The results showed that EPS was relatively homogeneous glycoprotein. The data of antioxidation in vitro showed that the EPS had a high antioxidant activity, which could quench hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical and had antilipid peroxidation activity. All of these indicated that EPS was a good natural antioxidant.

0.05).The positive rate of Uu in biovar 2 show a significant difference(P0.05).(2)The fallopian tubes infected by biovar2 have a high rate(90%)of ciliary adhesion and exuviation.While there is a low rate(10%)for biovarl with ciliary adhesion and exuviation.There was significant difference between the two groups of Uu (P

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in displaying the parotid gland segments of the facial nerve.

METHODSSixteen volunteers (9 males and 7 females) and 132 surgically confirmed patients with parotid tumors locating in the deep or shallow lobe of the parotid gland (including 89 with benign and 43 with malignant tumors) underwent MRI using T1WI and T2WI. The transverse images were obtained with the plane tilted 35 degrees to the foot, and the coronal images were acquired using conventional scanning.

RESULTSOn transverse T1WI, the parotid gland segments of the facial nerve displayed low signal with arc-shaped curve in the cross-section, showing a symmetrical dot-like low signal in the coronal plane. The facial nerve in 63% of the patients with parotid tumors in the cross-section could be displayed, but in the coronal plane the proportion reached 83%. MRI could accurately reveal the position of the parotid tumors in the deep or shallow lobe of the parotid gland.

CONCLUSIONMRI can show the major portion of the parotid gland segments of the facial nerve and has important value in locating the parotid tumors and displaying the relationship between the tumor and facial nerve.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Facial Nerve ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parotid Gland ; innervation ; pathology ; Parotid Neoplasms ; pathology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the value of middle cerebral artery (MCA) and umbilical artery (UA) resistance index in predicting fetal hypoxia in fetuses with umbilical cord around the neck in late pregnancy.

METHODSEighty normal fetuses between 38 and 40 weeks of gestation and 88 fetuses with umbilical cord around neck were measured for MCA and UA pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI) and the peak-systolic/diastolic ratio (S/D) by means of color Doppler ultrasonography, and the resistance index ratio was calculated. Fetuses with umbilical cord around neck were estimated according to the measured normograms for the presence of fetal hypoxia, and the results were evaluated by diagnostic test.

RESULTSSignificant differences were found in MCA and UA resistance index ratio between the groups (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the resistance index ratio between the normal group and around the neck (one round) group (P>0.05), but significant difference was found between normal group and around the neck (two rounds and more) group (P<0.01), and between the two arounds and one round groups (P<0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of MCA and UA resistance index and resistance index ratio in predicting fetal hypoxia of fetuses with umbilical cord around neck was 43%, 85%, 92%, 83%, 89%, and 100%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONMCA and UA resistance index ratio is a better indicator than its resistance index in predicting fetal hypoxia of fetuses with umbilical cord around neck, and may help in early detection of fetal hypoxia for a diagnosis before fetal distress.

Adult ; Female ; Fetal Hypoxia ; diagnosis ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; diagnostic imaging ; embryology ; physiopathology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; diagnostic imaging ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third ; Ultrasonography, Doppler ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal ; Umbilical Arteries ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate therapeutic effects of arthroscopic treatment for acute patellar dislocation.

METHODSFrom May 2002 to March 2009, 36 patients with acute patellar dislocation were treated with arthroscopy, including taking out of the free cartilage chips, relaxing lateral retinaculum and tight suturing medial retinaculum. Among the patients, 6 patients were males and 30 patients were females, ranging in age from 12 to 30 years (averaged, 20.5 years). Fifteen patients had the dislocations on the left an 21 patients had the dislocations on the right. The development of condyles of femur and Q trianglel were detected by preoperative radiology. The Lysholm criteria system was used to evaluate the clinical effects.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 13 to 60 months (averaged, 42 months). All the patients had no complications such as infection, and the knee range of motion recovered to normal without pain. The Lysholm score improved from preoperative (28.9 +/- 2.5) to postoperative (95.1 +/- 8.4). All the patients had no redislocation.

CONCLUSIONAcute dislocation of the patella is an potential devastating injury. The arthroscopic treatment for acute patellar dislocation has advantages such as less trauma, faster recovery and more reliable.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Arthroscopy ; methods ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; surgery ; Male ; Patellar Dislocation ; surgery ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mutant alleles of thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) among Jing Chinese.

METHODSPolymerse chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) techniques were developed for assaying exons 5, 7 and 10 of the TPMT gene respectively and were used to detect mutant TPMT alleles among Jing Chinese.

RESULTSTwo cases of TPMT*3C (A719G) heterozygotes were identified in 103 Jing Chinese; other deleterious alleles such as TPMT*2 (G238C), TPMT*3A (G460A/A719G) and TPMT*3B (G460A) were not found; 27 cases of silent mutant allele TPMT*1S (T474C) were also identified (5 homozygotes and 22 heterozygotes).

CONCLUSIONThe PCR-SSCP assay established and adopted in this study was sensitive and reliable, which could be used to detect mutant TPMT alleles. Allele frequency of TPMT*3C is low among Jing Chinese (1.0%), and TPMT*3C appears to be the most prevalent deleterious allele in this population.

Adolescent ; Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; China ; Exons ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Methyltransferases ; genetics ; Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational