Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of patients with headache in the emergency department. Methods The clinical data of 1735 patients in the emergency department suffered from headache were analyzed retrospectively. Results and Conclusion Secondary headache was common in the patients with headache in the emergency department, which was headache attributed to cranial or cervical vascular disorder, infection, or non-vascular intracranial disorder.

Objective To investigate the influence of Memantine on changes of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor 2B (NMDAR-2B) level, the expression of postsynaptic density 95 ( PSD-95) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ (CaMK Ⅱ)activities in the hippocampus of vascular dementia(VD)rats and their recognition. Methods The VD rat model was established by permanent,bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries. One hundred and forty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group, VD model group and Memantine-treated group. The water maze test was performed to detect the ability of learning and memory of the rats,the changes of NMDAR-2B level were measured by RT-PCR,the changes in the expression of PSD-95 were detected by immunohistochemical staining,and the changes in the CaMK Ⅱ activities were determined by incorporation of ~(32)P into histone. Results Compared with the sham-operated group, the ability of learning and memory of VD rats was decreased significantly(P<0. 01); the level of NMDAR-2B and the expression of PSD-95 increased significantly at the 4th week after operation(F<0. 05 or 0. 01)and decreased at the 8th to 16th week after operation (P<0. 01). Total CaMK Ⅱ activity was increased significantly at the 4th week after operation(P<0. 01) ,then dropped at the 8th week after operation(P>0. 05) ,and decreased significantly at the 12th,16th week after operation(P<0. 01). As for Memantine-treated group,at the 4th week after operation,there was no statistically significant difference in the parameters mentioned above in contrast with the sham-operated group. At the 8th,and 12th week after operation,the ability of learning and memory,the level of NMDAR-2B and the expression of PSD-95 were significantly increased as compared with VD rats(P<0. 01 or 0. 05) ,but total CaMK Ⅱ activity was similar to that of VD rats. Conclusion With the development of VD,NMDAR-2B level,the expression of PSD-95 and CaMK Ⅱ activities were firstly over-activated,and then decreased greatly. Memantine can improve VD rats' recognition by modulating the expression of NMDAR-2B,but its effect on CaMK Ⅱactivity was limited.

Objective To analyze the surgical treatment and pathological manifestations in patients with hyperparathyroidism. Methods The clinical data of 368 patients undergoing parathyroidectomy with hyperparathyroidism in Peking Union Medical College Hospital between Oct 1974 and Jan 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Results 368 cases underwent parathyroidectomy. There were 249 women (67.7%) and 119 men (32. 3% ). Parathyroid lesions were located in normal positions in 318 cases (86. 4% ), and in ectopic positions in 50 cases (13.6%). The pathology of 264 cases (71.7%) was adenoma, 91cases (24.7%) was hyperplasia, 11 cases (3.0%) was carcinoma, and two cases was parathyroid cyst. Postoperatively 257 cases (68.0%) presented with hypocalcaemia, and 159 cases (66. 0% ) recovered within 7 days. Conclusions The main pathological diagnosis was adenoma. It is common for a ectopic parathyroid gland in which a parathyroid lesion is located.

Objective:To study the effect of calcium sodium phosphosilicate(CSP)on the enamel remineralization of primary teeth. Methods:30 extracted human healthy primary molars were collected.Each tooth was cut bucco-lingually and mesial-distally into 4 sections.The sections were assigned randomly into 4 groups(n =30).Demineralization and remineralization cyclic model was estab-lished by etching with 35% phosphate acid for 2 min and then treated by unexposure of the sample to nothing(control,group A),so-dium monofluorophosphat(MFP,group B),CSP(group C)and MFP +CSP(group D).The cyclic was repeated twice daily for 30 d. The enamel surface morphology was observed by SEM and the surface microhardness(SMH)was measured.Results:On the tenth day,squamous morphology was observed on the enamel surface of group A and that of group D appeared less demineralization.The SMH value of group D was significant higher than that of group A(P <0.05).On the thirtieth day,obvious demineralization was ob-served in group A.Group B,C and D appeared surface remineralization.The SMH value of group B,C and D was significant higher than that of group A(P <0.05).Highest SMH value was achieved in group D.Conclusion:CSP combined with fluoride is more ef-fective in the enamel remineralization of primary teeth than the single application of them.

Objective To explore the effect of panaxadiols saponin (PDS) on the oxidative damage in lung tissue in hemorrhage-lipopolysaccharides (LPS) two hits rats. Methods Forty Wistar rats were divided randomly into 4 groups: sham operational group(S group); two hits groups with hemorrhage-LPS(HL group);dexamethasone preventive therapy group (HLD group) ;panaxadiol saponins preventive therapy group(HLP group). The rats were made first-hit by hemorrhagic shock,LPS were administered intraperitoneally to make endotoxic shock and induce two hits in rats,then the model of acute lung injury (ALI) induced by two hits had been built up successfully. NO-2/NO-3,MDA content and NOS,iNOS,SOD activities were measured by 722S spectrophotometer. Results The results of pathological observation showed that there was obvious inflammatory reaction in lung tissues after two-hits,and the structure was destroied.Compared with HL group,the inflammatory reaction was reduced in HLD group and HLD group.NOS,iNOS activities and NO-2/NO-3,MDA contents were increased significantly,and SOD activity was significantly lower in HL group compared with S group(P

Objective To analyze the appropriate time selection of pregnancy and delivery in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE ). Methods Twenty-nine pregnancies in women with SLE in our hospital from 1998 to 2003 were retrospectively analyzed regarding the selection of appropriate time of pregnancy and delivery. Results All patients did not take any cytotoxic medicine for at least 6 months before pregnancy. Twenty-three conceptions occurred when SLE was inactive for at least 1 year. Two conceptions occurred when SLE was active without doctors' agreement SLE was diagnosed during pregnancy in the remaining 4 cases. The condition of all patients fluctuated and the gestational time at delivery ranged from 30 to 38 weeks after we modified the doses of glucocorticoid (prednisone). Among totally 29 living neonates, eight were premature neonates, three were FGR and one had serious congenital heart disease. Two neonates died of complications in early stage of neonatal period. None of the 29 neonates from all patients had neonatal lupus. Conclusion Pregnancy safety will be improved obviously if the condition of SLE is controlled and the patients are given reasonable doses of glucocorticoid and intensive monitoring. If pharmacotherapy does not work well and the condition threatens the safety of mother and fetus, or the fetus has matured, termination of pregnancy should be done on time, which reduces maternal complications and improves the perinatal mortality rate. The gestational time should be 34 to 38 weeks.

Objective To explore the pattern and quantify the heat shock protein HSP)70 and HSP70 mRNA in Vero-E6 cells after infection with Hantann virus(HTNV).Methods The expres- sion of HSP70 and change of its mRNA level were detected by immunocytochemical staining,nucleic acid hybridization in situ and RT-PCR.Results In situ hybridization and RT-PCR were used to eval- uate the level of HSP70 mRNA during Hantaan 76-118 infection.HSP70 mRNA increased 0.5 h after infection,reached its peak by 12 h and gradually declined to steady state level by 72 h(vs.sham infec- ted group,P＜0.05).The expression of HSP70 protein induced by Hantaan 76-118 infection was e- valuated by quantitative immunocytochemical staining.HSP70 increased 0.5 h after infection,reached its peak by 12 h and decreased at 72 h after infection(vs.sham infected group,P＜0.05).Conclu- sions HSP70 can be induced directly by HTNV infection at both mRNA and protein levels,It pro- vides a basis for the further study of the pathogenesis,prevention and treatment of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS).

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection,which combined with in vitro fertilization and micromanipulation techniques,has been applied to research the molecular mechanisms of fertilization,and produce the sexing livestock and transgenic animals.The research advances in porcine intracytoplasmic sperm injection,including in vitro maturation and pretreatment of oocytes,selection and treatment of spermatozoon,artificial activation of injected oocytes after injection,and improvement of the operation technique were reviewed.

Objective To investigate the neuromuscular blocking effects and clinical pharmacology of different dosage of mivacurium chloride in infants during sevoflurane anesthesia. Methods Forty ASA I infants undergoing sevoflurane general anesthesia were randomly assigned to tow groups according to the dose level of mivacurium: group1: 200 μg/kg ( n =20) and group2: 250 μg/kg ( n =20) . TOFs were determined synchronously. The onset time of mivacurium, recovery time of spontaneous breathing and cardiovascular reactions were measured. Results The onset time was significantly shortened in group 2 compared with group 1 (P<0.05) . There was no significant difference in the recovery time of spontaneous breathing between the two groups. 2 minutes after mivacurium was injected, DBP in group 2 decreased significantly compared with baseline and group 1. 3 minutes after mivacurium was injected,SBP in group 2 decreased significantly compared with baseline and group 1. Conclusion In infants undergoing sevoflurane general anesthesia, the onset time of mivacurium can be shortened when 250μg/kg was administered,but the depression of cardiovascular system may occurr simultaneously.