Objective: To discuss the effect of early enteral nutrition support on immunological function in patients with acute stroke. Methods: Forty-nine stroke patients with dysphagia were randomly allocated into study group (n = 24) and control group (n = 25). They were received enteral nutrition via nasogastric tube and ordinary nasal feeding of liguid diet, respectively within 72 hours after admission. The levels of total lymphocyte count (TLC), immune globulin A (IgA), immune globulin G (IgG), immune globulin M (IgM), complement 3 (C3), and complement 4 (C4) in both groups were detected on day 1, 7 and 21 respectively after admission. The changes of nutritional index and the incidence of infective complications were observed. Results: The levels of TLC [(2.1 ± 0.4) × 109/L], IgA [(2.7 ± 0.5) g/L], IgG [(11.1 ± 2.2) g/L], IgM [(1.7 ± 0.7) g/L], and C3 [(1.2 ± 0.2) g/L] in the study group were significantly higher than the levels of TLC (1.7 ± 0.4 × 109/L, P < 0.05), IgA [(2.0 ± 0.4) g/L, P < 0.01], IgG [(8.9 ± 2.5) g/L, P < 0.01], IgM [(1.3 ± 0.6) g/L, P < 0.05], and C3 [(1.0 ± 0.3) g/L, P < 0.01] in the control group after 21 days. The incidence of infective complications in the study group (29.1%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (60.0%; P < 0.05). The nutritive index of the study group was also significantly better than that in the control group. Conclusion: Early enteral nutrition support may improve the immunological function in patients with acute stroke, and decrease the incidence of infective complications.

ObjectiveTo study the differential expression of signal transduction related gene between the tunica media in human abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) and normal aorta, and inspect their role in the etiology of abdominal aortic aneurysms.MethodsGene chip technique was applied to study the differential expression of signal transduction related gene in human AAA, then screening some significant differential expressed genes for further research by RT-PCR, Western Blot, and immunohistochemistry.ResultsForty-five differentially expressed genes related to cellular signal transduction were detected accounting for 1.09% of the chip′s total 4?096 genes,among them 28 genes were up-regulated and 17 down-regulated in aortic aneurysm. ASK1, ERK1 gene were found up-requlated in aortic aneurysm.ConclusionsDifferential expression of signal transduction gene could play a key role in the occurrence of AAA.

This paper reports the methods of inducing animal model of abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA) and the research on etiology.The formation of AAA is the result of cooperation of multifactors such as genetic and biochemistric facfors.Different animal models of AAA can provide a possibility in researching the etiology and pathogenesis of AAA etc, and useful in judging the therapy and prognosis .

1-(2,6-Dimethylphenoxy)-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamino) propane hydrochloride(DDPH) caused parallel rightward shifts of the phenylephrine(Phe) concentration-contractile response curves and did not suppress the maximal contractile response to Phe (pA2=7.24) in isolated rabbit urinary bladder smooth muscle. DDPH decreased the parameters of cystometry in urethane-anesthetized rats. Thirty minutes after DDPH (25 and 50 mg*kg-1 ig) administration, bladder capacity, voiding pressure, voiding threshold pressure were significantly decreased. With the observation of light-microscope and electron-microscope technique, DDPH (25 and 50 mg*kg-1*d-1 ig for 4 weeks) also inhibited the development of testosterone propionate-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats. The results indicate that DDPH may inhibit benign prostatic hyperplasia and improve the urinary flow.

Objective To evaluate the effects of alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA)on autophagy in human skin fibroblasts (HSFs). Methods HSFs at passage 3 - 5 were divided into several groups to be cultured with α-LA at final concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.50 mmol/L for 4, 12 and 24 hours, respectively. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)assay was performed to evaluate cellular proliferative activity, monodansylcadaverin(MDC)staining to determine autophagy levels, and Western blot to measure the expression of the microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain-3B(LC3-B). Results After incubation for 24 hours, there was a significant difference in the proliferative activity of HSFs among all the groups (F = 10.41, P < 0.05), while no significant differences were observed after incubation for either 4 or 12 hours (F = 2.85, 1.34, respectively, both P > 0.05). MDC staining also showed a significant difference in the percentage of autophagosome-positive cells among all the groups after 24-hour incubation (F = 8.03, P < 0.05), but no significant difference after either 4- or 12-hour incubation (F = 0.11, 0.10, respectively, both P > 0.05). Western blot revealed that the degree of conversion from LC3-Ⅰ to LC3-Ⅱ(LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰratio)was significantly different among all the groups after 24-hour incubation (F = 37.49, P < 0.05), but similar after 4- and 12-hour incubation (F = 3.38, 2.13, respectively, both P > 0.05). Conclusion α-LA may inhibit basal autophagy in HSFs.

Objective In vitro detection of anti-proliferative effects of P161 combined with cisplatin ( DDP) on multiple cancer cells. Methods Growth inhibition rates of HepG2, HT29, IE8, Panc-1 and MA-782 treated by different concentrations of DDP,P161 and P161 combined with DDP were determined by MTT assay. Results DDP and P161 dose-dependently inhibited proliferation of multiple tumor cells. A synergistic effect was found in DDP combined with P161 and there was a significant difference in the effect between DDP combined with P161 and DDP alone (P<0. 05). DDP dose could be decreased to reach the same inhibitory effect. In the same concentration gradient of DDP combined with P161,the inhibition rate of Panc-1 was low and that of MA-782 was high. Conclusion P161 can increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to DDP. The combination of P161 and DDP can reduce the effective therapeutic concentration of DDP.

Objective To describe epidemiological characteristics of scalp psoriasis in China,and to determine its influencing factors through a hospital-based,multicenter and large-scale survey.Methods An epidemiological survey was conducted on patients with scalp psoriasis in 42 hospitals in 11 provinces and 4 municipalities.A questionnaire was designed to collect general and clinical information of patients,including clinical type,lesion distribution,psoriasis scalp severity index (PSSI),aggravating factors,influence on quality of life,treatment course,degree of satisfaction with treatment,etc.Participants were asked to fill out the questionnaire with the help of well-trained dermatologists.Data were processed with the EpiData software.The WPS system and Epi Info 5.0 statistics software were used for descriptive analysis of the data.Results Totally,3 901 patients participated this study,and 3 586 valid questionaires were obtained.The mean age at onset of scalp lesions was (27.40 ± 13.34) years,and the male to female ratio was 1.6∶1 with a mean PSSI score of 13.61 ± 12.31.The hairline of the forehead was the most frequently affected area with the constituent ratio of forehead psoriasis being 74.3％ (2 663/3 586).The duration of scalp psoriasis reached 3 to 6 months every year in 1 136 (31.7％) patients,and the area affected by scalp psoriasis was less than 25％ of the total surface area of the scalp in 1 649 (46％) patients.The most frequent clinical presentation was scaling (92.1％),followed by erythema (80.6％),itching(76.7％),bunchy hairs (39.9％) and hair loss(18.0％).Disease aggravation was most frequently associated with seasons (76.7％),emotions (47.4％),stress (47.1％) and fatigue (46.6％).The quality of life (especially social,outdoor and entertainment activities) was reported to be negatively influenced by this entity to different degrees in 2 529 (70.5％) patients.Of these patients,583 (17.8％) received combination therapy (topical and systemic),with glucocorticoid ointment (27.5％),calcipotriol scalp solution (22.7％) and glucocorticoid-containing solution (11.9％) being the most commonly used topical drugs; only 38.6％ complied with medication requirements and doctors' advice for 3 to 5 weeks,and 35.2％ believed that the primary reason for poor compliance was unsatisfactory response to drugs.It was considered that an ideal drug for the treatment of scalp psoriasis should be highly effective (50.3％),safe (17.8％) and easy to apply (11％) with a rapid onset of action(11.9％).Conclusions Scalp psoriasis has a predilection for the hairline of the forehead with scaling as the main clinical presentation.Winter and spring seasons appear to be the most common aggravating factor of scalp psoriasis.The quality of life is negatively influenced to different degrees in many patients with scalp psoriasis.Topical corticosteroids plus non-hormonal drugs should be the first choice for the treatment of scalp psoriasis.Patients consider that the ideal drugs for the treatment of scalp psoriasis should be effective,safe,and easy to apply.

Objective To evaluate the effects of ultraviolet A (UVA) on autophagy in human skin fibroblasts (HSFs).Methods Cultured HSFs were randomly divided into chronic and acute UVA radiation groups.HSFs in the chronic UVA radiation groups were irradiated with UVA at 5,10 and 20 J/cm2 separately once a day for 4 consecutive days,with HSFs receiving no radiation serving as the chronic radiation control group;HSFs in the acute UVA radiation groups received a single session of radiation with 5,10,30 and 60 J/cm2 UVA separately,with HSFs receiving no radiation serving as the acute radiation control group.After additional culture for different durations,methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was performed to evaluate the proliferative activity of HSFs,monodansylcadaverin (MDC) staining to determine autophagy levels,and Western blot analysis to track the conversion of the microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain-3 (LC3)-Ⅰ to LC3-Ⅱ.Statistical analysis was carried out by using one-way analysis of variance followed by Students-Newman-Keuls (SNK) test for multiple-group comparisons and by the independent sample t test for two-group comparisons.Results The cellular proliferative activity significantly decreased in the 3 chronic radiation groups at 1 hour after the final UVA radiation compared with the chronic radiation control group (F =155.5,P ＜ 0.05),and in the 4 acute radiation groups at 1,6 and 12 hours after UVA radiation compared with the acute radiation control group (F =1 335,1 649,2 774,all P ＜ 0.05).MDC staining showed that the autophagy levels in HSFs significantly increased in the 3 chronic radiation groups after UVA radiation compared with the chronic radiation control group (F =748.62,P ＞ 0.05),but showed no significant changes in any of the acute radiation groups at 1,6 or 12 hours after UVA radiation compared with the acute radiation control group (F =0.014,0.004,0.002,all P ＞ 0.05).The ratio of LC3-Ⅱ to LC3-Ⅰ was significantly elevated in all the 3 chronic radiation groups at 1 hour after UVA radiation compared with the chronic radiation control group (t =9.002,21.772,18.33,all P ＜ 0.05),but experienced no obvious changes in any of the acute radiation groups at 1,6 or 12 hours after UVA radiation compared with the acute radiation control group (F =0.13,0.27,0.06,all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Chronic UVA radiation can upregulate autophagy levels in HSFs,but acute UVA radiation has no evident effects on it.

The optimum medium and fermentation conditions of the Xenorhabdus nematophilus from Steinernema carpocapsae BJ strain were studied. The relationship between antibiotic activity and pH, reducing sugar, total sugar, amino-nitrogen in process of fermentation was analyzed. The optimal medium contained tryptonl. 5 %, corn powderl o4, soybean flour 3 %, sucrose1 %KH2PO4 0.02 % ,MgSO4 0. 2% and activator 0. 1%, Stock cultured for 16h, inoculum size at 4%(V/V)and primary pH of medium ranged from 6.0 to 8.0, fermentation for 72h were of benefit to the yield of antibiotic. The pH, reducing sugar, total sugar and amino nitrogen in process of fermentation were related to the antibiotic activity. The yield of antibiotic increased by 56. 3 % comparison with nutrient broth.

AIM: To evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of thickness profile measurement of intra-retinal layers determined by an automated algorithm applied to OCT images from Cirrus optical coherence tomography (OCT) instrument.METHODS: In this prospective cross-sectional study,retinal thickness images at 6mm×6mm around fovea were obtained from 86 eyes of 43 normal subjects with Cirrus HD-OCT instrument.The retinal images from patients were analysis by Cirrus automated algorithm GCA software,including ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer(GCIPL).During this study,operator A would make 2 times measurements to all patients,after that operator B would make another 2 times measurements by Repeat scan model.All the data,including GCL average thickness,min thickness,12 clock average thickness,2 clock average thickness,4 clock average thickness,6 clock average thickness,8 clock average thickness and 10 clock average thickness were measured by SPSS 15.0 software.Standard deviation (SD),coefficient of variation (CV) and interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated from the results of three-times tests by different examiner to evaluate the repeatability and from the results of two different examiners to assess the reproducibility.Written informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to any medical procedure.RESULTS: The average GCIPL thickness of OD was 85.12±3.95μm;the minimum average GCIPL thickness was 83.21±4.41μm;the standard deviation of OD in clock map was from 3.79μm to 4.84μm;CV(95%CI) was between 0.26 and 0.93;ICC was from 0.939 to 0.989.The average GCL+IPL thickness of OS was 84.65±8.73μm;the minimum average GCPL thickness was 81±13.08μm;the standard deviation of OS in clock map was from 8.24μm to 10.56μm;CV(95%CI) was between 0.92 and 4.94;ICC was from 0.264 to 0.968.CONCLUSION: Cirrus HD-OCT GCA software with automated algorithm can offer accurate and repeatable thickness profile of OCT retinal image.GCA is a useful and reliable approach to the measurement of intra-retinal layer thickness,which may improve the diagnosis and monitoring of retinal diseases.