Air ; Animals ; Diving ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Spleen ; metabolism

The preterm birth has been increasing for the last decade. With the development of neonatal intensive care techniques, the survival rate of preterm infants is increased markedly. However, the brain of preterm infants is so vulnerable to injury that preterm brain injury has become an enormous public health problem. Hypoxia-ischemia and infection/inflammation are two main perinatal risk factors causing premyelinating oligodendrocyte and cortical neuron injury. Encephalopathy of prematurity is characterized by diffuse white matter injury and neuronal/axonal disruption, leading to neurological disabilities such as cognitive impairment and cerebral palsy. The advancement in imaging techniques, especially magnetic resonance imaging, provides more information for preterm brain injury and brain development, which contributes to the diagnosis and follow-up of the preterm infants. This article reviews the progress in encephalopathy of prematurity in order to open a new window to prophylaxis and management of this disease.
Brain Diseases ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Premature, Diseases ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Leukomalacia, Periventricular ; diagnosis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neurons ; pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo provide inspiration and ideas for clinical treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD) by data mining technology based frequency analysis and cluster analysis of medical records, prescriptions and herbs in treating CHD by distinguished veteran doctors of traditional Chinese Dedicine (TCM).

METHODSTotally 386 medical cases were retrieved from Wanfang Data, Chinese Scientific Journals Database (VIP medical information resources system, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Typical Collections of Medical Cases by Contemporary Distinguished Veteran Doctors of Traditional Chinese Medicine. They input into database trimmed after unified standard. Medication laws of CHD by distinguished veteran doctors of TCM were analyzed using frequency analysis and cluster analysis, and so on.

RESULTSDistinguished veteran doctors of TCM frequently used top ten herbs in treatment of C D as Salvia miltiorrhiz , Ligusticum wallichii, Trichosanthes kirilowi, Pinellia ternat, Angelica sinensis, Poria coco stragalu , Panax ginseng, Allium macrostemon, and Radix Ophiopogonis. Cluster analysis summarized that there were 16 herb pairs commonly used, 7drug assemblies consisting of 3 herbs and 5 drug assemblies consisting of multiple herbs.

CONCLUSIONSDistinguished veteran doctors of TCM mainly used herbs assemblies capable for invigorating Pi to resolve phlegm, and promoting qi and activating blood circulation in treating CHD. Meanwhile, they concurrently used herbs combination of nourishing Xin and tranquilization, and regulating yin and yang.

China ; Cluster Analysis ; Coronary Artery Disease ; therapy ; Data Mining ; Databases, Factual ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of overexpression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1)on the migration in vitro of the murine mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)and its possible mechanism. METHODS The migration ability of normal mouse MSC (C3) ,empty vector-transfected MSC(C3+N) and VCAM-1 transfected MSC(C3+VCAM-1)was assessed by Transwell culture system in vitro after incubation for 8 and 12 h,respectively. The fetal bovine serum (FBS) was used as the chemotactic agent to induce MSC migration. The transmigrated cells were detected with methylosaniliam chloride(crystal violet)as well as DAPI staining.Furthermore,the specific chemical inhibitors of mitogen-activation protein kinase (MAPK) pathway ( SB203580,PD98059 and JNK inhibitorⅡ)were added to the Transwell system for 12 h and the alteration of the MSC migration ability was evaluated. RESULTS After incubation with FBS for 8 and 12 h,the absolute migrated cell number(7467 ± 485 and 8795 ± 255)and migration rate〔(14.9 ± 1.0)% and(17.6 ± 0.5)%〕of MSC in C3+VCAM-1 group were significantly increased compared with C3 group〔2731±562 and 4779±224, (5.5 ± 1.1)%and(9.6 ± 0.4)%〕and C3+N group〔2539 ± 321 and 5645 ± 1080,(5.1 ± 0.6)%and(11.3 ± 1.1)%〕(P<0.05,P<0.01),but there was no significant difference between C3 and C3+N groups. Moreover,the MSC migration ability of C3+VCAM-1 group was partially suppressed by addition of JNK inhibitorⅡ. The transmigrated cell number(4843 ± 167)and migration rate〔(9.7 ± 0.3)%〕were decreased compared with those of C3+VCAM-1 group without JNK inhibitorⅡ(P<0.01). SB203580 and PD98059,as specific chemical inhibitors of MAPK pathway,had no effect on MSC migration. CONCLUSION VCAM-1 can enhance mouse MSC migration in vitro and th4e mechanism may be related to JNK/MAPK pathway activation.

The effects of Wumeiwan (WMW) on TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and NF-kappaBp65 in rats with ulcerative colitis (UC) were investigated, the curative effectiveness of WMW vs salicylazosulfapyridine (SASP) was compared, and the action mechanism was analyzed. Fifty-Six Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=14 in each group, with equal ratio of male and female): normal control group, model group, SASP group, and WMW group. Except normal control group, the rat UC models in the remaining three groups were established using the method of 2.4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) immunization and acetic acid local enema. The rats in model group, SASP group, and WMW group were treated with distilled water, SASP, and WMW respectively. The changes in the symptoms and signs were observed, and levels of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, IL-10 and the expression of NF-kappaBp65 in the colonic tissues were statistically analyzed. The results showed that the levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha were significantly increased (P<0.01), while those of IL-10 significantly reduced (P<0.01) after establishment of rat UC models as compared with normal control group. The levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha were obviously lower, but the level of IL-10 was obviously higher in WMW and SASP groups than those in model group (P<0.05). The levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha were lower, while the level of IL-10 was higher in WMW group than in SASP group. NF-kappaBp65 was expressed negatively or weakly in normal colonic tissues. The positive expression rate of NF-kappaBp65 in WMW group and SASP group was obviously lower than in model group (P<0.01), and there was significant difference between WMW group and SASP group (P<0.05). It was concluded that rat UC model was established successfully. WMW could up-regulate the expression of IL-10, down-regulate the expression of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8, and inhibit the NF-kappaBp65 activity to adjust immune function, indicating WMW had better curative effects on UC in rats.

An actinomycetes which produced soluble blue pigment was isolated from the soil sample in Nanjing,China.Based on its cell chemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence we found that its cell wall contained L-diaminopimelic acid and glycine,the whole cell hydrolysates contained glucose and ribose,whole cell contained fatty acid from C14 to C17 with 12-methyltetradecanoic(anteiso-15) and 14-methylpentadentadecanoic acid(iso-16) as the major components.The results shown that,it belongs to the genus Streptomyces.Phylogenetic tree of 16S rDNA sequences indicated that all strains were clustered into 9 branches.All strains that could produce blue pigment were clustered into 2 branches,they were S.coelicolor、S.cyaneus.The isolate closely related to Streptomyces indigocolor with a similarity of 99.4% fell into S.cyaneus branch.

Background Experimental data have shown tnat polymorpnisms in tne angiotensm-converting en- zyme 2(ACE2)gene are related to echocardiographically determined parameters of left ventricular mass,structure or function in the general population whether ACE2 genotype influences the effect of angi0tensin Ⅱ receptor blocker which improve left ventricular remodeling and function is unknown.Objective To investigate the association be- tween ACE2 gene G9570A polymorphism and the effect of irbesartan on left ventricular structure and function in hy- pertensive patients.Methods Two hundred and five male patients and 190 female patients who were preliminaryly diagnosised with mild and moderate essential hypertension were treated with irbesartan for 48 weeks with initial dose of 150 mg/d and titrated to 300 mg/d to reach the targed BP.Gene polymorphisms of ACE2 G9570A were detected by PCR-RFLP methods.The association between changes in the SBP,DBP,parameters of left ventricular struc- ture and function and genotypes of the ACE2 gene locus were analyzed.Results Irbesartan reducted in blood pres- sure in all patients(P

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, single-stranded and noncoding RNA molecules of about 22 nucleotides (nt) in length that regulate mRNA by binding to 3' untranslated regions (3'UTR) of target mRNA, inducing digestion, degradation and/or translational repression of the latter. Posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression by miRNA is critical for a wide range of physiologic and pathologic processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, development and oncogenesis. Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen presenting cells that have a pivotal role in controlling immune responses. The latest studies indicated that miRNA are indispensable in regulation of development, differentiation and functions of DC. This review discusses the latest studies of miRNA controlling DC biological properties in order to deep understand the regulatory mechanism of DC, therefore, provide a new thinking for the therapeutic strategies of DC-associated immunological disorders.
Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Dendritic Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo discuss the feasibility of vascular bundle implantation combined with allogeneic bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) transplantation in treating rabbit femoral head osteonecrosis and bone defect, in order to explore a new method for the treatment of femoral head necrosis.

METHODSThirty-six New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into three groups,with 12 rabbits in each group. Bilateral femoral heads of the rabbits were studied in the experiment. The models were made by liquid nitrogen frozen, and the femoral heads were drilled to cause bone defect. Group A was the control group,group B was stem cells transplantaion group of allograft marrow stromal,and group C was stem cells transplantation group of allograft marrow stromal combined with vascular bundle implantation. Three rabbits of each group were sacrificed respectively at 2, 4, 8, 12 weeks after operation. All specimens of the femoral heads were sliced for HE staining. Furthermore ,vascular density and the percentage of new bone trabecula of femoral head coronary section in defect area were measured and analyzed statistically.

RESULTSIn group C,new bone trabecula and original micrangium formed at the 2nd week after operation; new bone trabecula was lamellar and interlaced with abundant micrangium at the 8th week;at the 12th week,the broadened,coarsened bone trabecula lined up regularly,and the mature bone trabecula and new marrow were visible. At the 2nd week after operation,there was no statistical significance in the percentage of new bone trabecula of femoral head coronary section in defect area between group B and C. While at 4, 8, 12 week after operation, vascular density and the percentage of new bone trabecula of femoral head coronary section in defect area of group C was higher than that of group B.

CONCLUSIONAllogeneic bone marrow stromal cells cultured in vivo can form new bone trabecula, and can be applied to allotransplant. Vascular bundle implanted into the bone defect area of femoral head necrosis could improve blood supply, and promote the formation of bone trabecula.

Animals ; Blood Vessels ; transplantation ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Femur Head Necrosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Rabbits ; Transplantation, Homologous

This study was purposed to investigate the changes in coagulation and fibrinolysis pathways in rabbits suffered from the acute decompression sickness(DCS). Model of DCS in rabbits was established. Survival rate and symptoms of DCS in animal model was monitored. The prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen (Fib), fibrinogen degradation product (FDP) and D-dimers were measured before compression and at 0, 3, 24 hours after decompression by latex agglutination semiquantitative methods. The changes of plasmin-antiplasmin complex (PAP), fibrinopeptide A (FPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and thrombomodulin (TM) were measured by ELISA at different time points after decompression. The results showed that the model of DCS in rabbits was successfully established. There was a statistically significant extension in APTT, TT, increase of Fib concentration at 15 minutes after decompression, the changes were peaked at 3 hours and recovered at 24 hours after decompression. The concentration of FDP significantly decreased at 3 hours after decompression. The concentration of D-dimers significantly increased at 24 hours after decompression in rabbits model with DCS. FPA concentration was significantly increased at 15 minutes and recovered at 24 hours after decompression. PAP concentration was increased after decompression, but had no significant changes. PAI-1 could not be detected. TM significantly increased after decompression. It is concluded that the acute DCS significantly impacts on blood coagulation system in rabbit model. It is shown that hypocoagulation occurred at initial time and hyperfibrinolysis subsequently, which varied with time. The damage of blood vessel endothelium may be one of the causes of these variations.
Animals ; Blood Coagulation ; Decompression Sickness ; blood ; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products ; metabolism ; Fibrinolysis ; Male ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Prothrombin Time ; Rabbits ; Thrombin Time