BACKGROUND: Biomechanical mechanisms are complex, and previous studiers focus on the stress conduction in the carpus. However, the stress distribution and characteristics of trabecula in the carpus are rarely reported.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the stress distribution and deformation characteristics of the normal lunate through a two-dimensional sagittal finite element model.METHODS: A normal cadaveric lunate sample was scanned with Micro-CT and the central sagittal image was chosen for further finite element analysis (FEA). The chosen image was processed and imported into the finite element analysis software (Ansys 14.0). A two-dimensional sagittal finite element model of the lunate bone was established. Axial pressure was applied to the model with the wrist held in different positions, and nine regions of interests (ROIs) were identified, for which stress and displacement nephograms were created. These included the first principal stress (S1, the maximum stress in a principal plane), the third principal stress (S3, the minimal stress in a principal plane), shear stress (SXY, the component of stress coplanar with a material cross section), von Mises stress (SEQV, yielding begins when the elastic energy of distortion reaches a critical value)and displacement of each ROI (UY, displacement on the vertical plane of the lunate) which were calculated and compared.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The stresses on ROIs located in the proximal and volar cortices of the lunate bone were much higher than those in the distal and dorsal cortices. At the proximal lunate, S1 was less than S3; however at the distal lunate, S1 was greater than S3. The ROIs of the distal and proximal ends of the lunate bone received much higher stress than the ROIs of the middle part. As for axial trabecular displacement,both distal and proximal ROIs were compressed by axial pressure. However, the dorsal and the volar parts of the proximal lunate moved in different directions at different wrist postures. Besides, the stress values and magnitudes of displacement were elevated in wrist flexion and extension compared to neutral position.Furthermore, the stress concentration zones (the proximal volar ROI, the proximal dorsal ROI, the distal volar ROI, and the distal dorsal ROI) had different directions of shear stress and displacement in different wrist postures. (2) These results suggest that when stress is loaded on a normal lunate model, four stress concentration zones, the proximal volar ROI, the proximal dorsal ROI, the distal volar ROI, and the distal dorsal ROI are found. The wrist postures can significantly affect the value and distribution of axial stress on the sagittal lunate.

Objective summarize the delicacy management practices through the NSFC application procedures in a university affiliated hospital,to provide further reference for improvement of the NSFC project approvai ratio.Methods To summarize the management experiences by analyzing the approval number,project category and funds of NCFS from 2006 to 2015.Results The delicacy man agement practices include cultivate scientific research atmosphere by strengthen motivation,initiate application as early as possible,enlarging application number by extensive mobilization,improve applica tion quality by massive training,multi-round updates,tutorial,prevent avoidable errors by cross-over review.Conclusions Delicacy management by scientific research management department during the application process is critical to improve the project approval ratio of NCFS in a hospital.

Objective To observe the changes in proliferative activity of and autophagosome formation in human HaCaT keratinocytes and primary keratinocytes after different doses of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation,and to assess the potential relationship between proliferation impairment and autophagosome formation.Methods Both cultured HaCaT cells and primary keratinocytes from human foreskin were irradiated with different doses (5,10,20and 40 mJ/cm2) of UVB.Those receiving no irradiation served as the control.After additional 12-hour culture,methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was performed to evaluate the proliferative activity of cells,monodansylcadaverin (MDC) staining to detect autophagosomes in cells.The number of autophagosome-positive or negative cells was counted using inverted fluorescence microscopy.Results UVB radiation induced a significant decrease in the proliferation of keratinocytes,especially in that of HaCaT cells.The proliferative activity expressed as the absorbance value at 490 nm was significantly lower in HaCaT cells (1.367 ± 0.035,1.173 ± 0.034 and 0.873 ±0.025 vs.1.519 ± 0.022,all P＜ 0.01) and primary keratinocytes (0.782 ± 0.012,0.773 ± 0.021 and 0.725 ± 0.031 vs.0.887 ± 0.035,all P ＜ 0.05) irradiated with UVB of 10,20 and 40 mJ/cm2 than in the unirradiated control cells.Significant differences were also observed in the proliferative activity among HaCaT cells irradiated with UVB of 10,20 and 40 mJ/cm2.The proportion of autophagosome-positive cells was increased after irradiation with UVB of 5,10 and 20 mJ/cm2,but decreased after irradiation with UVB of 40 mJ/cm2 in keratinocytes,especially in the primary keratinocytes.In detail,the proportion of autophagosome-positive cells was 22.69％ ± 2.15％,28.10％ ± 2.92％ and 22.92％ ± 2.61％ in HaCaT cells irradiated with UVB of 10,20 and 40 mJ/cm2 respectively,significantly higher than that in the unirradiated cells (10.18％ ± 1.50％,chi-square test for trends:x2 =27.48,P ＜ 0.01).No significant changes were observed in the proportion of autophagosome-positive cells in primary keratinocytes after irradiation with UVB of 5,10 and 20 mJ/cm2,but a marked decrease was found after irradiation with UVB of 40 mJ/cm2 compared with unirradiated keratinocytes (chi-square test for trends:x2 =6.86,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions UVB radiation (10-40 mJ/cm2) decelerates the proliferation of HaCaT cells and primary keratinocytes in a dosedependent manner,and primary keratinocytes seem to be more resistant to UVB damage than HaCaT cells.Low to moderate doses (5-20 mJ/cm2) of UVB promote autophagosome formation in HaCaT cells in a dose-dependent manner,and exert no significant influence on that in primary keratinocytes; however,UVB of 40 mJ/cm2 suppresses autophagosome formation in keratinocytes,especially in primary keratinocytes.

Proteomics, which has been widely used in life science, is an emerging discipline following genomics. It can help to explore the pathogenic mechanism and early onset marker of Bacillus anthracis, playing an important part in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of B.anthracis. In this paper,the application of proteomics in the research of B.anthracis is reviewed.

This study examined the association of a common polymorphic allele (25G) of the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein1 (LRP1) gene with myocardial infarction (MI). The genotypes of LRP1 25CG (rs35282763) were determined in 347 MI patients and 347 age- and sex-frequency-matched controls from an unrelated Chinese Han population. Factor VIII (FVIII) levels were measured in the MI patients and controls by chromogenic assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that LRP1 25CG (rs35282763) genotype distribution did not differ significantly between patients (n=206 for 25CC, n=122 for 25CG) and controls (n=191 for 25CC, n=126 for 25CG; P>0.05). The 25G allele was not associated with a reduced risk of MI (P>0.05). Further stratifications for age, sex, and other cardiovascular risk factors did not affect the negative findings. It was concluded that the presence of the G allele at the 25CG (rs35282763) polymorphism of the LRP1 is not associated with a reduced risk of MI, and genotyping for LRP1 25CG (rs35282763) polymorphism is not useful in assessing the individual risk of MI.

The article introduced the goal,principle,method and the characteristics of the physical diagnosis operation skill of our academy training,especially emphasizing on the training way,the standard and the effect.

OBJECTIVETo provide inspiration and ideas for clinical treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD) by data mining technology based frequency analysis and cluster analysis of medical records, prescriptions and herbs in treating CHD by distinguished veteran doctors of traditional Chinese Dedicine (TCM).

METHODSTotally 386 medical cases were retrieved from Wanfang Data, Chinese Scientific Journals Database (VIP medical information resources system, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Typical Collections of Medical Cases by Contemporary Distinguished Veteran Doctors of Traditional Chinese Medicine. They input into database trimmed after unified standard. Medication laws of CHD by distinguished veteran doctors of TCM were analyzed using frequency analysis and cluster analysis, and so on.

RESULTSDistinguished veteran doctors of TCM frequently used top ten herbs in treatment of C D as Salvia miltiorrhiz , Ligusticum wallichii, Trichosanthes kirilowi, Pinellia ternat, Angelica sinensis, Poria coco stragalu , Panax ginseng, Allium macrostemon, and Radix Ophiopogonis. Cluster analysis summarized that there were 16 herb pairs commonly used, 7drug assemblies consisting of 3 herbs and 5 drug assemblies consisting of multiple herbs.

CONCLUSIONSDistinguished veteran doctors of TCM mainly used herbs assemblies capable for invigorating Pi to resolve phlegm, and promoting qi and activating blood circulation in treating CHD. Meanwhile, they concurrently used herbs combination of nourishing Xin and tranquilization, and regulating yin and yang.

China ; Cluster Analysis ; Coronary Artery Disease ; therapy ; Data Mining ; Databases, Factual ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Objective To study the levothyroxine doses and related factors in the treatment of pregnant women with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH).Methods Fifty-six pregnant women with SCH (diagnosed before 12 weeks of gestation) were recruited and divided into 2 groups according to the baseline TSH levels,SCH group 1 (2.5 mIU/L ≤ TSH ≤ 5.0 mIU/L,n =24) and SCH group 2 (TSH＞5.0 mIU/L,n =32).Thyroid autoantibodies [thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibody(TGAb)] were detected.All the subjects were treated with levothyroxine and the doses were adjusted according to the TSH level.The therapeutic target was to keep the TSH levels under control,0.3 to 2.5 mIU/L for the first trimester and 0.3 to 3.0 mIU/L for the second and third trimesters.Results There was a positive correlation between the levothyroxine doses and baseline TSH levels (r =0.533,P＜0.01) in pregnant women with SCH.A significant difference in the levothyroxine doses between SCH group 1 and SCH group 2 was found [(0.583 ± 0.341) vs (0.961 ± 0.405) μg/kg,t =-3.695,P＜ 0.01].The levothyroxine doses in SCH group 2 were 64.84％ higher than those in group 1.There was a significant difference in the levothyroxine doses between thyroid autoantibody negative and positive subjects [(0.680 ± 0.370) vs (0.918 ±0.440) μg/kg,t =-2.197,P =0.032].The levothyroxine doses in thyroid autoantibody positive subjects were 35 ％ higher than those in the negative subjects.In addition,there was a significant difference in the levothyroxine doses between subjects with negative and positive thyroid autoantibody [(0.421 ± 0.192) vs (0.720 ± 0.385)μg/kg,t =-2.331,P =0.029] in SCH group 1.While in SCH group 2,the difference did not reach statistical significance.Conclusion The baseline TSH levels and status of thyroid autoantibodies may affect the levothyroxine dosage in pregnant women with SCH.

This study was aimed to establish GC-MS fingerprint of Bu-yang Huan-wu (BYHW) decoction. The 5HP-MS quartz capillary column was used. The temperature program carrier gas was He. The velocity was 1.0 mL·min-1. The injection volume was 1 μL. The split ratio was 1:20. The MS conditions were electron impact (EI) ion source with the transmission line temperature at 280oC, ion source temperature at 230oC, and quadrupole temperature at 150oC. The mass scan range was m/z 50~550. And the results were contrasted with ChemStation and NIST 05a. The results showed that nine common peaks were obtained in the fingerprint of eleven batches of BYHW decoction by peaks matched with the Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint (2004 A Version). The similari-ty of fingerprints was calculated more than 0.93. It was concluded that fingerprinting can be used as a method of quality control and provide evidence for the research of volatile ingredient of BYHW decoction.

Subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy is associated with some adverse outcomes during maternal pregnancy.The present study investigated thyroid function parameters measured by electroehemiluminescence (ECL) immunoassays in subclinical hypothyroid women treated with levothyroxine (L-T4) during pregnancy.The results showed that in evaluating thyroid function with ECL immunoassays during replacement with L-T4,determination of serum TT4 appears to have a closer correlation with TSH and may better reflect the effìcacy of treatment.