Oral imaging techniques have been widely and increasingly used in clinical practice.This article reviews the functions,characteristics and principles of three kinds of oral imaging instruments including panoramic x-ray unit,intraoral x-ray unit and stomatology endoscope.

It is considered that the central nervous system (CNS) is an immunologically privileged organ, but its immunological privilege is not complete, and immunological rejection may also occurred after tissue transplantation. Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation has developed a brand-new approach for the treatment of various CNS diseases. Despite the low immunogenicity of NSC, there are also troubles of immunological rejection. This article reviews the immunological characteristics of CNS, the mechanisms of immunological response and immunological rejection in CNS, as well as the problems of immunological rejection of NSC transplantation.

Objective To study the shape differences of upper epidermal cells in leaves of medicinal plants of Swertia L. and establish the new method for identifying them. Methods The epidermis were mounted in ordinary technique, and then scanned and binarized through HPIAS-1000 image analytic system. The waveness of the anticlinal walls (SFC) and the ratio of the Ferets diameter (SLF) of upper epidermal cells were detected. The leaf epidermal cells of 21 kinds of raw materials in 12 plants of Swertia L. from various regions were examined. Results The precision and reproducibility of software system were good, and the shape characters of the upper epidermal cells of the middle lamina in the third node arising from ground are the stablest inside the same species by the magnification 20?10 under microscope. The SFC and SLF of the upper epidermal cells of the same species of plants are relatively constant, conversely that of different species of plants are obviously different and distinguishable from each other. Conclusion The proposed method is a useful technique for identifying traditional Chinese medicinal materials originated from herbs and leaves of plants. HPIAS-1000 is simple, rapid, accurate, and practical for shape analysis of upper epidermal cells of plant leaf.

Objective To assess the effects of air pollution on health of traffic policemen. Methods Sampling and the analysis of air pollution were conducted according to China national standards. 214 traffic policemen were investigated. Of them 149 were working on the streets and 65 were working in the office (taken as the control). Individual respiratory symptoms occupational histories and medical records were obtained using standardized questionnaire. Results The prevalence rates of cough and expectoration excessive phlegm eyes and throat unwell fatigue in policemen working on the streets were significantly higher than that in policemen working in the office and were correlated to the level of air pollution(P

Objective:To compare the effects of three root canal sealers with respect to time on biocom-patibility of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs).The sealers included zinc oxide and eugenol based sealers (ZOE),epoxy resin sealers (ERS)and silicone based sealers (SBS).Methods:hPDLCs were primarily cultured,with the method combining of tissue explant and enzymatic digestion.The cells were then exposed to different extract fluids:(1)ZOE extracted for 24 h group ;(2)ZOE extracted for 1 week group;(3)ZOE extracted for 2 weeks group;(4)ERS extracted after 24 h group;(5)ERS extracted after 1 week group;(6)ERS extracted after 2 weeks group;(7)SBS extracted after 24 h group;(8)SBS extracted after 1 week group;(9)SBS extracted after 2 weeks group;(10)Dulbecco modified Eagle’s me-dium/F12(DMEM/F12)as negative control group.Cell morphology was observed under an inverted mi-croscope.Cell proliferation was measured by methyl-thiazol-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT)assay.ALP assay kit was used for measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP)activity.Sealers of 2 weeks’setting time were then immersed in an osteogenic medium for examination of mineral nodules and calcium deposits.Re-sults:Considering the relative growth rate (RGR),ZOE was severely to moderately cytotoxic (RGR:13.6% -39.9%),while ERS was slightly or not cytotoxic (RGR:87.6% -95.3%).Only SBS did not show any cytotoxicity after setting (RGR:91.8% -106.7%).The setting time influenced the cytotoxic-ity of ERS which decreased after 1 week.Considering the ALP activity,there was no difference between SBS group and control group(F =3.397,P =0.053).According to the results of calcium deposits, ZOE:D562 nm =0.180 ±0.050,ERS:D562 nm =2.968 ±0.201,SBS:D562 nm =3.623 ±0.039,Control:D562 nm =3.477 ±0.102,the ranking of ALP activity and calcium deposits was as follows:ZOE

To investigate the effects of Yiniao Recipe, a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on contents of serum antidiuretic hormone, and plasma cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate in rats with kidney-yang deficiency.

Objective To compare the effect of low concentration versus ultra-low concentration of ropivacaine in combination with sufentanil delivered via programmed intermittent epidural bolus (PIEB) with patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) during labour on obstetric and anesthetic outcomes.Methods Seventy-six ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ nulliparous parturients who were at full term with a singleton fetus in vertex presentation were randomized to receive 0.1 ％ ropivacaine with 0.5 μg/mL sufentanil (Group L,38 cases) or 0.06％ ropivacaine with 0.5 μg/mL sufentanil (Group UL,38 cases).Another matched 76 cases of primiparas without labor analgesia (Group C) served as controls.For primiparas received analgesia,an epidural catheter was inserted when the cervical dilatation was up to 2-3 cm.The analgesia level was controlled below T8,and VAS score was controlled below 4.Thirty minutes after analgesia started,Group L and UL received PIEB with PCEA regimen including basal infusion of 8 mL/h of ropivacaine with sufentanil,patient-controlled bolus 6 mL and lockout interval 10 minutes.The duration of labor,delivery mode,Apgar score,VAS score and anesthetic drug consumption of each group were recorded.Results The second stage of labor were not statistically different between Group UL and C.The second stage of Group L was longer than that of Group C (P＜0.05).Furthermore,with similar performance in pain score and satisfactory level at each time point,Group UL consumed much less ropivacaine than Group L (P＜0.05).The cesarean section rate,instrumental delivery rate and the Apgar score were not significantly different among the 3 groups.Conclusions While using PIEB with PCEA,0.06％ ropivacaine was capable of providing satisfactory analgesia effects for primipara and has less effects on the obstetric outcome.Therefore,it could be recommended for labour analgesia.

Objective To study the optimum conditions for extracting total flavonoids from Acanthus illicifolius through the two extraction processes.Methods An orthogonal test of L_9 (3~4)was designed to select optimum operation conditions for extracting total flavonoids from Acanthus illicifolius through Soxhelt and ultrasonic extraction process.According to the output of total flavonoids under the different extraction conditions,which were selected as ethanol contents,extraction temperatures and extraction time for Soxhelt extraction process, and extraction time,ethanol contents and ratio of liquid to material for ultrasonic extraction process.Results The optimum conditions were established as follows:ethanol content 60%, extraction temperature 85℃and extraction time 2.5h in Soxhlet extraction process;Ethanol content 50%,extraction time 50min,ratio of liquid to material 40:1 in ultrasonic extraction process.The extraction temperature was the main factor on the Soxhlet extraction process, and the ethanol content on the ultrasonic extraction process.Conclusion The technology of ultrasonic extraction is better than that of Soxhlet extraction to extract the total flavonoids from Acanthus illicifolius.The max output of total flavonoid from Acanthus illicifolius can reach to 3.82%.

Objective To identify new serum biomarkers of lung adenocarcinoma.Methods Serum samples from 31 patients with lung adenocarcinoma and 31 healthy individuals were applied to SAX-2 protein chips to generate proteomic spectra by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(SELDI-TOF-MS).The spectra were analyzed with Ciphergen Biosystems software and biomarker patterns software.Results The software identified 102 peaks and m/z 14 022.9 and 3 735.99 were used to construct the classification tree.The classification tree separated adenocarcinoma of lung effectively from healthy individuals,achieving a validity of 100%.The blind test challenged the model with a sensitivity of 100%and a specificity of 100%.Conclusions The results suggest that SELDI-TOF-MS technique can distinguish lung adenocarcinoma patients from healthy individuals and shows great potential for the development of a screening test for the detection of lung cancer.