ObjectiveTo study the effect of prevention and treatment on osteoporosis in climacteric women by sport therapy. Methods 120 climacteric women were separated into rehabilitation group(n = 60)and control group(n = 60). Rehabilitation group accepted the oxygensport therapy, calcium, adjusted food. Control group was given calcium and adjusted food.The changs in densify of lumbar vertebradensify ofwere observed two yeats after treatment. ResultsDensify of lumbar vertebra in the rehabititation groupincreased( but there was no sta-tistical significance) and decreased remarkably in control group( P ＜ 0. 05) . Densify of lumbar vertebra lumbar in rehabititation group in-creased than that of the control group( P ＜ 0. 05) . Conclusion Exercise therapy was effective in preventing and treating osteoporosis in cli-macteric worrn.

Multi?modality medical image processing has become a hot topic for research in the field of image processing and plays an important role in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Images with different modalities provide different information on patients. Anatomical images ( such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging ) provide information on anatomical morphology and the structure of human body, and functional images ( such as single?photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography) provide the functional information on the distribution of radioactive concentration within human body. Such information needs to be fused to obtain comprehensive fusion images, and the images with different modalities need to be registered to obtain useful fusion images. This article reviews several image registration and fusion techniques used in the medical field, points out their advantages and shortcomings, and introduces the application of various processing techniques in clinical practice.

Objective To know the effects of air pollution on the activity of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) in the placenta tissue of women in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province. Methods The decrement of BaP after the metabolic procedure was used as the indicator of AHH activity. 151 lying-in women were selected and the AHH activity in the placenta was determined by fluorescence spectrophotometer, the precooling EDTA was added in the determination to inactivate AHH and to stop the reaction completely in order to get more stable result. Results The AHH activity in the placenta tissue increased as the atmospheric particle concentration and the BaP concentration in the particles increased. Conclusion The air pollution may induce the AHH activity increase in the placenta tissue of pregnant women in Taiyuan. The AHH activity can be used as the biological monitoring indicator in the PAHs polluted areas.

Objective To study the prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) in China. Method School children aged 6～ 20 were surveyed with questionnaire in different areas in our country. Results This survey was carried out in 22 cities and rural areas, distributed in 11 provinces. There were 548 AD patients（ 347 males and 201 females） in a total population of 78 586. The total standardized prevalence (SP) was 0.69％ . The SPs of the males and the females were 0.84％ and 0.51％ , respectively, the difference being statistically significant(P

Ultraviolet (UV) is a kind of important environmental factor that can cause dermatitis,photoaging and skin cancerization.The UV-induced production of inflammatory factors by epidermal keratinocytes has been deemed an important molecular event in occurrence of the above diseases.Various receptors,intracellular signal transduction-related regulatory molecules and nuclear transcription factors are involved in UV-induced inflammatory responses in keratinocytes,which mainly include epidermal growth factor receptor,aryl hydrocarbon receptor,peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor,protein kinase C family,protein kinase B,mitogen-activated protein kinase family,nuclear factor-κB and transcription factor activator protein-l,etc,and constitute a complex inflammatory signal transduction network.

Objective To investigate the mRNA expressions of IFN-gamma receptor and TNF-alpha receptor in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with psoriasis vulgaris and their role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Methods Fifty patients with psoriasis vulgaris (37 cases of active psoriasis and 13 cases of stable psoriasis) and 24 healthy human controls were included in this study. PBMCs were isolated from blood samples obtained from all patients and controls. The mRNA expressions of IFN-gamma receptor and TNF-aipha receptor in PBMCs were detected by RT-PCR. The disease severity in patients was evaluated by psoriasis area and severity index (PASI). Results The mRNA expressions of IFN-gamma receptor and TNF-alpha receptor were observed in the PBMCs of all subjects. The mRNA expression levels of IFN-gamma receptor were 0.72 ± 0.17 in healthy controls, 1.11 ± 0.55 in all patients with psoriasis, 1.13 ±0.57 in patients with active psoriasis and 1.03 ± 0.52 in patients with stable psoriasis, respectively. A signifi-cant increase was observed in the expression levels of IFN-gamma receptor mRNA in all psoriatic patients and in patients with active psoriasis compared with those in healthy controls (both P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the healthy controls and patients with stable psoriasis (P ＞ 0.05). The expres-sion levels of TNF-alpha receptor mRNA were 2.05 ± 1.34 in healthy controls, 2.70 ± 3.80 in all psoriatic patients, 2.90 ± 4.40 in patients with active psoriasis, 2.14 ± 1.05 in patients with stable psoriasis, respectively;there was no significant difference between psoriatic patients and healthy controls (P ＞ 0.05). However, no correlation was found between the mRNA expression of IFN-gamma receptor, that of TNF-alpha receptor,and disease severity in psoriatic patients. Conclusions The mRNA expression of IFN-gamma receptor in PBMCs is up-regulated in patients with psoriasis vulgaris, which is unrelated to the activity of psoriasis.

Objective To study the expression of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-1,-3 and-9 in sun-exposed and-unexposed skin as weil as its significance in the mechanism of skin photoaging.Methods Skin samples were resected from the exmnsor side of forearm(sun-exposed area)and flexor side of upper arm(sun-unexposed area)of 23 healthy female volunteers.The expression of MMP-1,-3 and-9 was detected by immunohistochemical staining in 46 skin samples.Immunoreactive intensity distribution index (IRIDI)was calculated to assess the expression of MMP-1,-3 and-9.Wilcoxon signed ranks test,Mann-Whitney U-test and Spearman rank correlation analysis were performed.Results MMP-1,-3 and-9 were expressed in both sun-exposed and -unexposed skin.The average IRIDI value for MMP-1,-3 and-9 was 7.70(range,3 to 12).9.22(range,6 to 12),8.30(range,6 to 12)in sun-exposed skin,and 4.26 (range,2 to 6),5.39(range,2 to 9),4.04(range,1 to 6)in sun-unexposed skin,respectively;significant difierence existed between sun.exposed and-unexposed skin in the three parameters(all P＜0.01).A significant inerease was observed in the average IRIDI value for MMP-1,-3 and-9 in sun-exposed skin vs.sun-unexposed skin in women above 50 years of age (9.17 vs 4.75,10.58 vs 6.42,8.92 vs 4.33,respectively,all P＜0.05).In women younger than 50 years,the average IRIDI value for MMP-1,-3 and-9 was 6.09(range,3 to 8),7.73(range,6 to 9),7.64(range,6 to 12)in sun-exposed skin,significantly higher than that in sun-unexposed skin[3.73(range,2 to 6),4.27(range,2 to 8),3.73(range,1 to 6),all P＜0.05].Increased IRIDI scores of MMP-1,-3 and -9 were noticed in sun-exposed skin in women above 50 years of age vs.those younger than 50 years.but there was no statistical difrerence in MMP-I or MMP-9 between the two aged groups in sun-unexposed skin(all P＞0.05).The IRIDI scores of MMP-1,MMP-3 and MMP-9 were positively correlated with age(r=0.66,0.69,0.74,all P＜0.01)in sun-exposed skin,but the IRIDI scores of MMP-1 and MMP-9 uncorrelated with age in sun-unexposed skin.Conclusions There isan elevated expression of MMP-1,-3 and.9 in sun-exposed skin VS.SUn.unexposed skin.hinting that these three MMPs play a role in the occurrence and development of photoaging,but their biological mechanism may be different.

Objective To summarize the experience with adapalene in the treatment of ache vulgaris and to provide a clue to improve the clinical use of adapalene in ache vulgaris. Methods Chinese literature over the past ten years related to the evaluation of efficacy and safety of 0.1% adapalene gel in acne vulgaris were searched and assessed. Results Combination therapy with 0.1% adapalene was more effective than monotherapy with it. The efficacy of adapalene gel was higher than that of non-tretinoin topical agents, but equivalent to that of other tretinoins. Furthermore, the incidence of adverse events was lower for adapalene than for other tretinoin formulations. Conclusions Adapalene is safe and effective for the treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris, and can be used as monotherapy, maintenance treatment, or in combination therapy of acne vulgaris.

Objective To evaluate the sunscreen application and the level of photoprotective knowledge in both dermatologists and photosensitive patients. Methods The style, sites and amount of the sunscreen applied were examined by 0. 05 % dipyridamole cream in 39 dermatologists and 41 photosensitive patients with Wood's light. The participants were asked to fill in a questionnaire about the photoprotective knowledge. Results Frequent mistakes made by participants in this study were as follow: (1) using an inadequate amount of sunscreen; (2) putting sunscreen in the palm of the hand and rubbing the hands together before application; (3) lacking a systematic approach to sunscreen application. The median quantity of individual sites ranged from 0. 5 mg/cm2 to 1 mg/cm2 except for the forehead of the female dermatologist that had a median thickness of 1. 5 mg/cm2. The questionnaire survey showed that dermatologists also had less knowledge on sun protection even though better than photosensitive patients. Conclusions Dermatologists and photosensitive patients always fail to apply sunscreen in some prominently exposed sites and to paint the average thickness of sunscreen used far less than that of experimentally measured dose (2 mg/cm2). Continuing education and training about pho-toprotection for dermatologists should be carried out to provide better education for the patients on sun protection.

Objective To observe the changes in proliferative activity of and autophagosome formation in human HaCaT keratinocytes and primary keratinocytes after different doses of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation,and to assess the potential relationship between proliferation impairment and autophagosome formation.Methods Both cultured HaCaT cells and primary keratinocytes from human foreskin were irradiated with different doses (5,10,20and 40 mJ/cm2) of UVB.Those receiving no irradiation served as the control.After additional 12-hour culture,methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was performed to evaluate the proliferative activity of cells,monodansylcadaverin (MDC) staining to detect autophagosomes in cells.The number of autophagosome-positive or negative cells was counted using inverted fluorescence microscopy.Results UVB radiation induced a significant decrease in the proliferation of keratinocytes,especially in that of HaCaT cells.The proliferative activity expressed as the absorbance value at 490 nm was significantly lower in HaCaT cells (1.367 ± 0.035,1.173 ± 0.034 and 0.873 ±0.025 vs.1.519 ± 0.022,all P＜ 0.01) and primary keratinocytes (0.782 ± 0.012,0.773 ± 0.021 and 0.725 ± 0.031 vs.0.887 ± 0.035,all P ＜ 0.05) irradiated with UVB of 10,20 and 40 mJ/cm2 than in the unirradiated control cells.Significant differences were also observed in the proliferative activity among HaCaT cells irradiated with UVB of 10,20 and 40 mJ/cm2.The proportion of autophagosome-positive cells was increased after irradiation with UVB of 5,10 and 20 mJ/cm2,but decreased after irradiation with UVB of 40 mJ/cm2 in keratinocytes,especially in the primary keratinocytes.In detail,the proportion of autophagosome-positive cells was 22.69％ ± 2.15％,28.10％ ± 2.92％ and 22.92％ ± 2.61％ in HaCaT cells irradiated with UVB of 10,20 and 40 mJ/cm2 respectively,significantly higher than that in the unirradiated cells (10.18％ ± 1.50％,chi-square test for trends:x2 =27.48,P ＜ 0.01).No significant changes were observed in the proportion of autophagosome-positive cells in primary keratinocytes after irradiation with UVB of 5,10 and 20 mJ/cm2,but a marked decrease was found after irradiation with UVB of 40 mJ/cm2 compared with unirradiated keratinocytes (chi-square test for trends:x2 =6.86,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions UVB radiation (10-40 mJ/cm2) decelerates the proliferation of HaCaT cells and primary keratinocytes in a dosedependent manner,and primary keratinocytes seem to be more resistant to UVB damage than HaCaT cells.Low to moderate doses (5-20 mJ/cm2) of UVB promote autophagosome formation in HaCaT cells in a dose-dependent manner,and exert no significant influence on that in primary keratinocytes; however,UVB of 40 mJ/cm2 suppresses autophagosome formation in keratinocytes,especially in primary keratinocytes.