Introduction: Root canal treatment often fails because of bacteria that grow back after obturation, such as Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). The previous study has found the percentage of root canal treatment failure as much as 32-70%. It was because the facultative anaerobic bacteria are able to penetrate into the dentinal tubules and found to be resistant. Ambonese banana stem is one of the herbal plants in Indonesia that has been widely used, including the sap on the stem. Active substances in the sap of Ambonese banana stems such as flavonoids, saponins, and tannins have antimicrobial efficacy. The purpose of this study is to prove the antibacterial activity of Ambonese banana stems extract on E. faecalis and analyzing bacterial viability through a fluorescent microscope. Methods: The sample of this study was E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) which bred on BHIB media, then serially carried out dilution with Ambonese banana stem extract with a composition of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125 %, 1,563%. and 0.781%. Cultured in the Agar Mueller-Hinton medium and then calculate the number of bacterial colonies. This examination was continued using a fluorescent microscope for determining the viability of bacteria. Results: We obtained MIC at a concentration of 1.563% and MBC at a concentration of 3.125%. The ability of Ambonese banana stem extracts to kill E. faecalis in MIC was 92.22%, while in MBC it was 100%. Conclusion: Ambonese banana stem extract effectively inhibited the growth of E. faecalis bacteria.

Introduction: Biological process of wound healing in soft tissue injury which include some phase that its highly organized cascade, such as haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and remodeling. Healing process will be impaired when there is an interference with one of the four of the phase not going well. This study is aimed to proving the role of dragon fruit peel extract towards the interpretation of TGF- β, fibroblast cell and formation of new blood vessels during wound healing process. Methods: 20 rattus norwegicus wistar strain rats are separated into four groups. The one lower incisor is extracted, afterward the wound post extraction of the treatment group was treated with dragon fruit peel extract gel with the concentration of 15%, 30% and 60%, meanwhile, for the control groups, they are treated with polyethylene glycol gel. On the fourth day, the rats were sacrificed and preparation of immunohistochemical and histopathology are made. Observe under the light microscope with 400x magnification. Results: This study shows that the 30% concentration increase the expression of TGF- β (16.6±2.07), fibroblast proliferation (77.6±5.27) and new blood vessels (33.8±2.28) compare to the control group, 15% and 60% concentration in a meaningful way (p=0.00, p=0.00 and p=0.00). Conclusions: The dragon fruit peel extract gel may affect the wound healing process of extraction by increasing the expression of TGF- β, number of fibroblast and formation of new blood vessels.

Introduction: Dental caries in children is a major problem of mouth disease throughout the world, so too is there currently an increase in health problems in children due to obesity. Human Beta defensing(HBD) has been found in saliva and from several studies stated that HBD aside from being a broad-spectrum antimicrobial can act as an immunomodulator. The purpose of this study is to reveal whether there is a relationship between obesity and HBD-3 salivary concentration in caries patients and caries-free patients. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was involved 62 children with caries and caries-free, aged 9-11 years, students at Qommarudin Islamic Boarding School, Gresik, East Java Indonesia. dental caries examination, carried out in accordance with World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic criteria. Body mass index (BMI) was measured from the height and weight of individuals, HBD3 concentrations were tested with an ELISA kit from Bioassay Technology Laboratory (China) from saliva samples. Evaluate the results with the Kruskal Wallis test, followed by the Mann-Whitney test. The level of significance used in this statistical test was 0.05. Results: there was a relationship between BMI level and HBD-3 concentration in the caries group (p <0.05, p = 0.009) with a moderate level of association. but there was no significant relationship in the caries-free group (p> 0.05, p = 0.189). Conclusion: There was an association between BMI and HBD-3 salivary concentration in caries patients but there was no relationship in the caries-free group.