120 normal subjects without bleeding history aged 20-77 were studied. Bleeding time 169 seconds, there is no significant statistic difference in genders and age groups. Plasma fibrinogen level was 2.56 g/l, no significant difference in 2 genders. In the under 45 years old group, fibrinogen level was lower than in above 45 yeas old group with statistical significant. No case of non-contracted blood clot occured, 2.5% of blood clot was contrated non completely, 97.5% completely. Alcohol test was negative in all cases. No case of fibrinolyse time < 90 minutes occured.
Hemostasis ; Blood Coagulation ; Laboratories

No abstract available.
Hemostasis*

The relation of some laboratory examinations on blood coagulation and hemostasis with the complications of primitive polycythemia was determined by a study conducted on 20 subjects treated at the clinical department of blood diseases, the Central Institute of Hematology and blood perfusion. Before the treatment, on all patients examination on blood coagulation and hemostasis were performed. Results showed that: in polycythemia, the high quantity of blood plaques was the risk factor of vascular obstruction and closely related with the complications of hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia, ADP. The relation between some disturbances of blood coagulation and clinical features.
Blood Coagulation Disorders ; Hemostasis ; Polycythemia

Hemorrhagic diseases are common clinical diseases characterized by abnormal hemostasis or coagulation mechanisms caused by various reasons, which seriously threaten the life safety of patients. Rapid and accurate diagnosis, as well as timely and appropriate treatment, are crucial for improving clinical outcomes. This consensus aims to comprehensively evaluate the critical state of patients with hemorrhagic disease from multiple perspectives, such as laboratory, radiographic, and ultrasound examinations. Through the compilation of relevant literature and wide-ranging expert opinions, a preliminary expert consensus on critical values of hemorrhagic diseases has been formulated to help optimize clinical care for these patients.
Humans ; Consensus ; Hemostasis ; Blood Coagulation

Postoperative hemorrhage after eardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality. Approximately 3% of patients have undergone surgical reexploration after open heart surgery. Coagulopathies after CPB are due to multiple hemostatic defects caused by hemodilution of procoagulants, firbrinogen, platelet, drugs and mechanical destruction by CPB machine. Thromboelastography(TEG) is the measures of viscoelastic properties of blood coagulation by providing information on the interaction of all the coagulation precursors and gives more clinically useful information on coagulation than that available from routine coagulation tests (RCT) or activated coagulation time(ACT). TEG is simple to use and can be performed within 30 minutes of blood sampling. Thirty-five patients of open heart surgery(12 were cyanotic and 23 were noncyanotic patients) were studied for the coagulation with TEG, ACT and RCT before and after CPB. Reaction time(R time), Coagulation time(R+K time), Maximum amplitude(MA), A60(Amplitude 60 min after MA), A60/MA index(Whole blood clot lysis index) and alpha angle were mea- sured in TEG, and at the same time RCT and ACT were also measured. Statistical analysis were performed by Student-t test for, significance, and 6 of TEG and 5 of RCT measurements were evaluated by multiple regression analytic methods(stepwise methods) for the correlation. The results were as follows: 1) TEG measurements before CPB were R time; 9.5+/-2.0min., R+K time; 14.6+/-2.7 min., MA; 52.4+/-3.6mm., A60; 45.1+/-4.5mm, Alpha; 46.2+/-5.50 and after CPB R time, 12.3+/-3.6min., R+K time, 24.3+/-16.4min., MA; 41.7+/-5.8min, A60; 36.4+/-4.4mm, Alpha, 32.0+/-8.90, respectively. There were significant differences between the measurements before and after CPB(P<0.005). 2) Before and after CPB, There was no significant difference between cyanotic and noncyanotic group in TEG 3) There was no fibrinolysis after CPB on TEG 4) There was significant correlation at the level of 95% significance after CPB following as; (1) R time vs aPTT and fivrinogen (2) R+K time vs PT, platelet and fibrinogen (3) MA vs platelet and PT (4) A60 vs platelet and fibrinogen (5) Alpha angle vs PT, aPTT, fibrinogen and Platelet 5) As the result of Multiple Regression Analytic Methods, R+K time, MA and Alpha angles after CPB could predict aPTT of RCT at the level of 99.5% signficance, In summary, thromboelastography is simple and easy to use in operating room for the diagnosis of coagulopathies compared with RCT.
Blood Coagulation ; Blood Platelets ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass* ; Diagnosis ; Fibrinogen ; Fibrinolysis ; Heart ; Hemodilution ; Hemostasis* ; Humans ; Mortality ; Operating Rooms ; Postoperative Hemorrhage ; Thoracic Surgery ; Thrombelastography*

Postoperative hemorrhage after eardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality. Approximately 3% of patients have undergone surgical reexploration after open heart surgery. Coagulopathies after CPB are due to multiple hemostatic defects caused by hemodilution of procoagulants, firbrinogen, platelet, drugs and mechanical destruction by CPB machine. Thromboelastography(TEG) is the measures of viscoelastic properties of blood coagulation by providing information on the interaction of all the coagulation precursors and gives more clinically useful information on coagulation than that available from routine coagulation tests (RCT) or activated coagulation time(ACT). TEG is simple to use and can be performed within 30 minutes of blood sampling. Thirty-five patients of open heart surgery(12 were cyanotic and 23 were noncyanotic patients) were studied for the coagulation with TEG, ACT and RCT before and after CPB. Reaction time(R time), Coagulation time(R+K time), Maximum amplitude(MA), A60(Amplitude 60 min after MA), A60/MA index(Whole blood clot lysis index) and alpha angle were mea- sured in TEG, and at the same time RCT and ACT were also measured. Statistical analysis were performed by Student-t test for, significance, and 6 of TEG and 5 of RCT measurements were evaluated by multiple regression analytic methods(stepwise methods) for the correlation. The results were as follows: 1) TEG measurements before CPB were R time; 9.5+/-2.0min., R+K time; 14.6+/-2.7 min., MA; 52.4+/-3.6mm., A60; 45.1+/-4.5mm, Alpha; 46.2+/-5.50 and after CPB R time, 12.3+/-3.6min., R+K time, 24.3+/-16.4min., MA; 41.7+/-5.8min, A60; 36.4+/-4.4mm, Alpha, 32.0+/-8.90, respectively. There were significant differences between the measurements before and after CPB(P<0.005). 2) Before and after CPB, There was no significant difference between cyanotic and noncyanotic group in TEG 3) There was no fibrinolysis after CPB on TEG 4) There was significant correlation at the level of 95% significance after CPB following as; (1) R time vs aPTT and fivrinogen (2) R+K time vs PT, platelet and fibrinogen (3) MA vs platelet and PT (4) A60 vs platelet and fibrinogen (5) Alpha angle vs PT, aPTT, fibrinogen and Platelet 5) As the result of Multiple Regression Analytic Methods, R+K time, MA and Alpha angles after CPB could predict aPTT of RCT at the level of 99.5% signficance, In summary, thromboelastography is simple and easy to use in operating room for the diagnosis of coagulopathies compared with RCT.
Blood Coagulation ; Blood Platelets ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass* ; Diagnosis ; Fibrinogen ; Fibrinolysis ; Heart ; Hemodilution ; Hemostasis* ; Humans ; Mortality ; Operating Rooms ; Postoperative Hemorrhage ; Thoracic Surgery ; Thrombelastography*

The abnormality of platelet function plays an important role in the pathogenesis and evolution of blood stasis syndrome (BSS). The explanation of its mechanism is a key scientific issue in the study of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and treatment. System biology technology provides a good technical platform for further development of platelet multi-omics, which is conducive to the scientific interpretation of the biological mechanism of BSS. The article summarized the pathogenesis of platelets in BSS, the mechanism of action of blood activating and stasis resolving drugs, and the application of genomics, proteomics, and metabonomics in platelet research, and put forward the concept of "plateletomics in BSS". Through the combination and cross-validation of multi-omics technology, it mainly focuses on the clinical and basic research of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases; through the interactive verification of multi-omics technology and system biology, it mainly focuses on the platelet function and secretion system. The article systematically explains the molecular biological mechanism of platelet activation, aggregation, release, and other stages in the formation and development of BSS, and provides a new research idea and method for clarifying the pathogenesis of BSS and the mechanism of action of blood activating and stasis resolving drugs.
Blood Platelets ; Hemostasis ; Platelet Activation ; Proteomics ; Technology

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a pathological syndrome in which activation of coagulation cascade leads to fibrin clot formation, consumption of platelets and coagulation factors, and secondary fibrinolysis. We report a case of severe postoperative hemorrhagic diathesis due to DIC. A 59-year-old man was scheduled for reduction of tibia fracture and anatrophic nephrolithotomy of staghorn calculi. On the fifth postoperative day, second operation was performed for nephrectomy due to perirenal hematoma. Two days later, third operation was performed for hemostasis because of the continuous bleeding. Coagulation tests showed positive DIC profiles of thrombocytopenia, hypofibrinogenemia, increased fibrin degradation products, and prolonged prothrombin time and thrombin time. The patient recovered uneventfully and discharged on the 59th postoperative day.
Blood Coagulation Factors ; Calculi ; Dacarbazine ; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation* ; Fibrin ; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products ; Fibrinolysis ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage* ; Hemorrhagic Disorders ; Hemostasis ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Nephrectomy ; Postoperative Complications ; Prothrombin Time ; Thrombin Time ; Thrombocytopenia ; Tibia

INTRODUCTION: Trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) is a form of coagulopathy unique to trauma patients and is associated with increased mortality. The complexity and incomplete understanding of TIC have resulted in controversies regarding optimum management. This review aims to summarise the pathophysiology of TIC and appraise established and emerging advances in the management of TIC. METHODS: This narrative review is based on a literature search (MEDLINE database) completed in October 2020. Search terms used were "trauma induced coagulopathy", "coagulopathy of trauma", "trauma induced coagulopathy pathophysiology", "massive transfusion trauma induced coagulopathy", "viscoelastic assay trauma induced coagulopathy", "goal directed trauma induced coagulopathy and "fibrinogen trauma induced coagulopathy'. RESULTS: TIC is not a uniform phenotype but a spectrum ranging from thrombotic to bleeding phenotypes. Evidence for the management of TIC with tranexamic acid, massive transfusion protocols, viscoelastic haemostatic assays (VHAs), and coagulation factor and fibrinogen concentrates were evaluated. Although most trauma centres utilise fixed-ratio massive transfusion protocols, the "ideal" transfusion ratio of blood to blood products is still debated. While more centres are using VHAs to guide blood product replacement, there is no agreed VHA-based transfusion strategy. The use of VHA to quantify the functional contributions of individual components of coagulation may permit targeted treatment of TIC but remains controversial. CONCLUSION A greater understanding of TIC, advances in point-of-care coagulation testing, and availability of coagulation factors and fibrinogen concentrates allows clinicians to employ a more goal-directed approach. Still, hospitals need to tailor their approaches according to available resources, provide training and establish local guidelines.
Blood Coagulation Disorders/therapy* ; Blood Transfusion ; Hemorrhage ; Hemostasis ; Hemostatics ; Humans

A fifty five-year-old man who had been decrease in levels of coagulation factors V, VIII, X and XI was monitored by thromboelastography(TEG) to evaluate the effectiveness of blood component replacement therapy during operation of chest wall reconstruction. Cryoprecipitate(9 units) was infused in the preoperative day because the clot formation rate was slow( : 27.5 ). During the operation cryoprecipitate(9 units), fresh frozen plasma(9 units), whole blood(2 units) and packed red blood cells(6 units) were transfused for blood loss of 4000 ml and abnormal findings on TEG. The operation site was not abnormal bleeding tendency. So TEG patterns were normal toward the end of operation. As a result, TEG is effective to monitor hemostasis and guide for transfusion therapy of coagulation abnormalities associated with intraoperative blood loss.
Blood Coagulation Factors ; Hemorrhage ; Hemostasis ; Humans ; Thoracic Wall ; Thrombelastography*