OBJECTIVES: To observe the changes of the formation time of venous thrombus in rats, and to provide new ideas and methods for the estimation on thrombus formation time of the forensic cases died from thrombosis. METHODS: Totally 80 rats were randomly divided into 10 groups （0 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 1 d, 3 d, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks after operation）. A vein thrombosis model was established by the "narrow" method. The processes of thrombosis, organization, recanalization and the features of change on hemosiderin and calcium salt were observed by HE stain, Perls stain and Von Kossa stain. The expression changes of CD61, α-SMA and CD34 were observed by immunohistochemical staining technique. RESULTS: Platelets adhered to the exposed blood vessel intima 3 h after operation, and platelet trabeculae were formed by the repeated accumulation of platelets 1 d after operation. The thrombus organization formed through the fibroblasts from vessel wall that grew into the interior of the thrombus 3 d after operation. Endothelial cells covered the surface of thrombus and then the new blood vessels were reformed, and the vessels were reconstructed. The expression of CD61 upregulated at the stages of the thrombus formation （3 h） and thrombus reformation （4 weeks）, and reached the peak 1 d after thrombus formation. The release of hemosiderin and the initial expression of α-SMA were detected 3 d later. Calcium deposit and expression of CD34 were observed 1 week later. CONCLUSIONS The hemosiderin, calcium salt, CD61, α-SMA and CD34 show time-dependent changing characteristics, which is expected to provide a reference for the estimation on thrombus formation time of the forensic cases died from thrombosis.
Animals ; Antigens, CD34/analysis* ; Hemosiderin/metabolism* ; Rats ; Venous Thrombosis/pathology*

Cholesterol granuloma is thought to arise as the consequence of obstruction of the air cell system. Once the ventilation is blocked, negative pressure builds with mucosal hemorrhage and blood extravasation into the air cell system. And the catabolism of blood releases cholesterol, hemosiderin, lipids and fibrin. It is the foreign body reaction of these products that leads to cholesterol granuloma and cholesterol granuloma cyst formation. The cholesterol granuloma and cholesterol granuloma cyst may develop in any portion of the pneumatic system of the temporal bone and small lesions are commonly encountered in the middle ear and mastoid air cells. But, huge cholesterol granuloma cyst is a unusual lesion and cholesterol granuloma cyst with extensive temporal bone destruction and intracranial extension has been rarely reported. Recently we experienced a case of huge cholesterol granuloma cyst with intracranial extension in a 38-year-old female, and report this case with review of literatures.
Adult ; Cholesterol* ; Ear, Middle ; Female ; Fibrin ; Foreign-Body Reaction ; Granuloma* ; Hemorrhage ; Hemosiderin ; Humans ; Mastoid ; Metabolism ; Temporal Bone* ; Ventilation

Adult ; Arsenic Poisoning ; pathology ; Chronic Disease ; Hemosiderin ; metabolism ; Hemosiderosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Hypertension, Portal ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; pathology ; Liver Cirrhosis ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Pancytopenia ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; pathology ; Splenomegaly ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; pathology

Hemosiderin deposition is not often recognized on routine examination with hematoxylin and eosin staining; however, iron stains may be helpful in the evaluation of hemosiderin deposition in infant autopsies. This report describes the data obtained from autopsy of 86 infants and children whose deaths were investigated at the Forensic Medicine Council Bursa Morgue Department from January 2000 to January 2003. A histochemical technique was used to identify hemosiderin in lung, liver and spleen specimens, which was correlated with other descriptive variables such as the reported cause of death, postmortem interval, trauma history, gender, and age. There was a weakly positive but significant correlation between lung and liver hemosiderin scores (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, rho=0.348, p=0.001); i.e., given an increase in lung hemosiderin scores, an increase in liver hemosiderin scores was also observed. Similarly, a marked positive correlation between spleen and liver hemosiderin scores (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, rho=0.335, p=0.002) was observed. The probability of spleen hemosiderin-positive cases belonging to the age group under 6 months was found to be 4.3 times greater than those who were hemosiderin-negative (95% confidence interval, 1.6-11.8). After the major differential diagnoses were ruled out, this study demonstrated, that depending on the statistically assessed morphometric grounds, the presence of hemosiderin deposits in the liver and spleen were significantly higher in the age group under 6 months.
Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; *Forensic Pathology ; Hemosiderin/*metabolism ; Humans ; Infant ; Liver/pathology ; Lung/*pathology ; Macrophages/*pathology ; Male ; Spleen/pathology

We experienced a case of pyridoxine refractory hereditary sideroblastic anemia (HSA) in a 4 year-old girl and; therefore, conducted a study of her family. She was admitted to hospital for anemia, which was uncorrected by iron treatment. The peripheral blood smears showed hypochromic microcytic anemia. The results of the biochemical study indicated serum iron of 80 microgram/dL, TIBC of 275 microgram/dL and serum ferritin of 67ng/dL. The bone marrow smears showed 80% cellularity, with mild dyserythropoiesis. Many ringed sideroblasts, 45% of normoblasts and an increased amount of hemosiderin particles were observed with iron staining. Despite high-dose pyridoxine therapy, the anemia was not corrected. In the peripheral blood and iron studies conducted on her family members, the mother, maternal aunt and aunt's son showed microcytic hypochromic anemia and normal iron metabolism. Her mother's brother had died of acute myeloid leukemia that had transformed from myelodysplastic syndrome. From a search of the Korean literature, this is the first reported case of HSA with pedigree.
Anemia ; Anemia, Hypochromic ; Anemia, Sideroblastic* ; Bone Marrow ; Child, Preschool ; Erythroblasts ; Female ; Ferritins ; Hemosiderin ; Humans ; Iron ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Metabolism ; Mothers ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; Pedigree ; Pyridoxine ; Siblings