Child ; Hemophilia A ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

Child, Preschool ; Hemophilia A ; classification ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Hemorrhage ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Infant

Hemophilia is the most common coagulation disorder. It has a long history. Hemophilia A is caused by FVIII gene mutation, and hemophilia B by FIX gene mutation. Those genes are located on X chromosome long arm. Bleedings in hemophiliacs predominantly occur in joints and muscles. Because those site are insufficient in tissue factor to induce hemostasis. Among joints knee, ankle and elbow are most frequently affected because their synovial structure is vulnerable to injury compared to other joints. Hemophilia is diagnosed with factor assay. Severe hemophilia is below 1% of FVIII : C, moderate between 1% and 5%, mild over 5%. Carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis have been conducted with RFLP-based linkage analysis and DNA sequencing. Mainstay of treatment is factor replacement therapy so far. Bleedings can be controlled by infusion of factor concentrates. Hemophilc arthropathy and muscle contracture are representative sequelae. Complications of facotor replacement therapy are inhibitor development and infections. Hemophiliacs with inhibitor should be managed with large dose factor concentrate, bypassing agent, ITI and immunosuppression. Ultimately, hemophilia could be cured by gene therapy.
Ankle ; Arm ; Contracture ; Diagnosis ; Elbow ; Genetic Therapy ; Hemophilia A* ; Hemophilia B ; Hemostasis ; Immunosuppression ; Joints ; Knee ; Muscles ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Thromboplastin ; X Chromosome

BACKGROUND: Risk factors for the development of inhibitors in previously untreated patients (PUPs) have been reported; this is not the case in previously treated patients (PTPs) owing to fewer studies. Risk factors may differ for the development of PTP versus PUP inhibitors. We aimed to identify risk factors for PTP inhibitor development. METHODS: Participants were patients at a hemophilia treatment center in Korea with current or past history of factor VIII or factor IX alloantibodies. Observed inhibitors were classified as PUP or PTP inhibitors based on the cumulative number of exposure days. We compared the type and severity of hemophilia, mutation type, and family history of inhibitor between PUPs and PTPs. Events within 3 months before the first inhibitor detection, such as change of the factor concentrate used, short-term high exposure or continuous infusion of factor concentrate, history of surgery, infection, diagnosis of cancer, use of immunosuppressive or immunomodulator agents, and vaccination were compared between PUPs and PTPs. RESULTS: We observed 5 PUP inhibitors and 5 PTP inhibitors in 115 patients with hemophilia A. Events that might be related to the development of inhibitors within 3 months prior to the first inhibitor detection were observed in all 5 PTPs. On the contrary, no such events were observed in any PUPs. The observed events included a change in the factor concentrate used, subsequent chemotherapy, and short-term high exposure to factor concentrates for controlling hemorrhage and surgeries. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest a greater role of nongenetic factors in PTP inhibitor development.
Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Factor IX ; Factor VIII ; Hemophilia A ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Isoantibodies ; Korea ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Vaccination

Argentina ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Hemophilia A ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Russia ; epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States ; epidemiology ; Urban Population

Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare coagulopathy caused by autoantibodies to coagulation factor VIII (FVIII). Most patients with AHA have been previously healthy; however, a variety of morbidities have been associated with the condition including pregnancy. A 40-yr-old woman visited our institution with extensive hematoma on the right hip area. Her medical history revealed no personal or familial history of bleeding diathesis. Her coagulation tests showed markedly prolonged aPTT (117 sec), markedly decreased level of FVIII activity (0.4%) and high-titer FVIII inhibitor (77 BU). Collectively, she was diagnosed as having postpartum AHA and was treated with bypassing agents and corticosteroids. Her aPTT was normalized on the 174th postpartum day and FVIII inhibitor showed negative conversion on the 224th postpartum day. This is the first case of postpartum AHA with high-titer FVIII inhibitor in Korea. Timely diagnosis and management can reduce morbidity and mortality of this potentially life-threatening condition.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use ; Adult ; Autoantibodies/blood ; Blood Coagulation Factors/therapeutic use ; Factor VIII/immunology ; Factor VIIa/therapeutic use ; Female ; Hematoma/diagnosis ; Hemophilia A/*diagnosis/therapy ; Humans ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use ; Republic of Korea