This paper introduced the blood corpuscle analyzer's historical development as well as the modern blood corpuscle analyzer's development, mainly focusing on the examination principle and method the nowadays main blood corpuscle analyzer uses. The paper has also provided fine pictures, explaining the function of the reagent during the cell examination process and the transformation of the cellular form and the technique concept concerned, which enables the reader to understand and to master the related specialized knowledge and the theory very easily.
Automation ; instrumentation ; Blood Cells ; Hematologic Tests ; instrumentation ; methods

AIMTo convenience of the methods for assaying red blood cell glycolysis without oxygen condition in the studies.

METHODSReagent kit of glucose, perchloric acid, visible light prismatic photometer, battle of nitrogen and rocking bed are used in the studies. The process includes 4 steps prepare Tris- HCI solution and so on, assay of red blood cell glycolysis without oxygen condition and account of glycolysis rate.

RESULTSHuman red blood cells stored at 4 degrees C for 75 d, in SOD solution, the glycolysis rate is 86.2% +/- 5.0%, distinctly better than GMA solution (39.2% +/- 8.9%).

CONCLUSIONThe methods of assaying glycolysis without oxygen condition not use Habea's apparatus. The operation is convenient and simple and its determinations can be performed in ordinary laboratory and is is accurate.

Erythrocytes ; metabolism ; physiology ; Glycolysis ; physiology ; Hematologic Tests ; methods ; Humans ; Oxygen ; metabolism

Blood Coagulation Factors ; analysis ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Hematologic Tests ; methods ; Hemostatic Techniques ; Humans ; Thrombosis ; diagnosis

A microscopic examination of an appropriately prepared and well-stained blood smear by a knowledgeable laboratory professional is necessary and clinically useful in a number of circumstances and for a variety of reasons. In this article, an attempt is made to delineate the purpose and criteria for blood smear examination in a variety of circumstances that are encountered in everyday laboratory hematology practice. A blood smear scan serves to at least (a) verify the flagged automated hematology results and (b) determine if a manual differential leukocyte count needs to be performed. Blood smear examination/manual differential leukocyte count with complete blood count (CBC) provides the complete hematologic picture of the case, at least from the morphologic standpoint. Blood smear review with or without interpretation serves to ensure that no clinically significant finding is missed, besides providing diagnosis or diagnostic clue(s), particularly if and when interpreted by a physician.
Blood Cell Count ; Hematologic Tests/*methods ; Humans ; Leukocyte Count ; Leukocytes/cytology ; Medical Laboratory Personnel/standards

OBJECTIVES: The ratio of second to fourth digit length (2D : 4D) could be a potential epigenetic marker of sexual dimorphism reflecting prenatal testosterone exposure. Testosterone is known to affect the development of the brain through an epigenetic mechanism. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exposure to fetal testosterone on the metabolic syndrome based on 2D : 4D of schizophrenia patients and the relationship with the age of onset of schizophrenia. METHODS: A total of 214 schizophrenia patients participated in this study. The participant's physical and blood tests were performed according to the American National Cholesterol Education Program's Third Amendment of the Metabolic Syndrome Diagnostic Criteria, and the 2D : 4D was measured by the method designed by McFadden. Data were statistically analyzed by t-test, Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple regression model analysis. RESULTS: 2D : 4D was significantly higher in female than male in both hands, and there was a statistically significant negative correlation between 2D : 4D and the age of onset of schizophrenia in male. However, 2D : 4D did not show statistically significant correlation with metabolic factors. CONCLUSIONS: Fetal testosterone suggests the possibility of affecting the age of onset of schizophrenia through the epigenetic mechanism, but there is no clear relationship with metabolic factors.
Age of Onset* ; Brain ; Cholesterol ; Education ; Epigenomics ; Female ; Hand ; Hematologic Tests ; Humans ; Male ; Methods ; Schizophrenia* ; Testosterone

This study was aimed to explore the role of full-automatic blood analyzer Sysmex XE-2100 in early screening and diagnosing the hematologic malignancies. A total of 288 samples of the patients with hematologic malignancies was examined. Then, the scatter plots, alarm information and blood smears were analyzed. The results indicated that 76% of these samples showed abnormal scatter plots. CMML and AML-M3 patients had their own characteristic scatter plots, while others hadnt's. The coincident rate of CMML and AML-M3 determined by scatter plots with practical diseases was 100%; the coincident rate of ALL determined by scatter plots with practical disease was 67%. The coincident rate of alarm information of blast cells was 92.5%, the coincident rate of immature granulocytes was 77.1%, the coincident rate of nucleated red blood cells was 33.3%, the coincident rate of atypical lymphocytes was 31.3%. It is concluded that the abnormal scatter plots and alarm information are very important for finding the patients with hematologic malignancies and determining the disease type. The alarm information has high reliability for blast cells and immature granulocytes, but has only mirror value for nucleated red blood cells and atypical lymphocytes.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; blood ; Hematologic Tests ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Leukocyte Count ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reproducibility of Results ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: There is epidemiologic evidence to support vascular disease as a possible cause of Alzheimer's dementia (AD). The primary aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of vascular risk factors (vRFs) with respect to various clinical measures, such as axial-rated medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA), ischemic white-matter changes, and cognition. The secondary aim was to determine the most significant clinical measure associated with cognitive outcome. METHODS: The study subjects comprised 198 probable AD and 38 subjective memory impairment-no cognitive impairment controls (SMI-NCI), for whom medical data including history vRF-related blood tests, clinical dementia evaluation, cognitive assessment, and brain MRI, were available. The grading of white-matter hyperintensities (WMHs) was achieved using Fazekas' method. MTA was graded by two neurologists independently based on axial T1-weighted MRI images. The prevalence of risk factors for Koreans aged > or =65 years was reviewed for comparison. RESULTS: All vRFs except smoking were more severe in the AD group than in both the SMI-NCI group and Koreans aged > or =65 years, but the high prevalence of vRFs had no impact on WMH lesions, axial MTA, or cognitive outcome. Both white-matter changes and MTA were significantly worse in AD than in SMI-NCI (p<0.001). The degree of MTA was negatively correlated with WMH grade (p<0.001), but the severity of clinical dementia was correlated only with increased axial MTA in AD (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living and Clinical Dementia Rating scores, p<0.001; Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes score, p<0.005). CONCLUSIONS: WMHs and axial MTA were significantly more severe in the AD group than in the SMI-NCI subjects. The findings of this study indicate that worsening of cognitive dysfunction in AD appears to be driven by MTA, which is evident even in axial MTA visual grading, irrespective of WMH severity and the presence of vRFs.
Activities of Daily Living ; Alzheimer Disease ; Atrophy* ; Brain ; Cognition ; Dementia ; Glutamates ; Guanine ; Hematologic Tests ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Memory ; Methods ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Temporal Lobe ; Vascular Diseases ; Pemetrexed

PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate the effects of a pulmonary rehabilitation program for patients with COPD. METHOD: 37 subjects, who had a FEV1/FVC below 70%, participated. 18 were assigned to the experimental group and 19 to the control group. The program consisted of individualized education program and exercise program for 6weeks, 3times a week. Data was collected through questionnaire surveys of general characteristics, anxiety and depression, blood tests for lactic acid and cardiopulmonary exercise tests, and also using bicycle ergometer, for exercise capacity. As for data analyses, paired and unpaired t-test and x2-test were adopted using an SPSS program. RESULT: The result revealed that the increase in VT, peak O2, Emax, HRmax and Wmax, at the maximal exercise, were significantly high in the experimental group. However, the anxiety and depression scores were not significantly high in the experimental group. CONCLUSION: The pulmonary rehabilitation program was effective in increasing cardiopulmonary endurance in patients with COPD. Accordingly, we should seriously consider an individualized pulmonary rehabilitation program as a nursing intervention.
Anxiety ; Depression ; Education ; Exercise Test ; Hematologic Tests ; Humans ; Lactic Acid ; Lung Diseases ; Methods ; Nursing ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive* ; Rehabilitation* ; Statistics as Topic

This study was aimed to establish the approach of quantitative PCR (q-PCR) for diagnosis of invasive fungal infections (IFI) in patients with hematologic malignancies. Specimens from 40 patients with hematologic malignancies were chosen for q-PCR and galactomannan (GM) test. The 28S rRNA, a real high consensus sequence of fungi, was selected as target gene to design primer and probe. The DNA of fungal species was extracted from serum specimens. The results showed that q-PCR sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 0.89, 0.85, 0.89, 0.85 respectively; GM test sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 0.83, 0.80, 0.88, 0.73 respectively; as combined q-PCR with GM test, these values were 0.94, 0.85, 0.89, 0.92 respectively. It is concluded that the q-PCR assay can be used for early diagnosis for IFI in patients with hematologic malignancies, q-PCR combined with GM test can enhance the diagnosis sensitivity for IFI.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Fungi ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; microbiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycoses ; diagnosis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Young Adult

Medical diagnostics plays a significant role in clinical decisions. The first medical laboratory test to be developed was urine analysis, in which urine properties were analyzed for diagnosis. Urine analysis has been long used as a routine laboratory test that was improved with the development of sampling and test methods. As the field of hematology progressed with the invention of the microscope, blood tests were developed. Demands for tests based on clinical chemistry have existed since the 17th century, and research using patient blood began in the 18th century. In the 20th century, with the development of the spectrophotometer, chemical analyses were performed for diagnostic purposes. With the appearance of cholera outbreaks, the identification of microorganisms was necessary for patient diagnosis, and the development of specific test methods contributed to microorganism detection in the laboratory. Blood transfusion, which started with blood collection in the 15th century, is currently used as a therapeutic method in medicine. Moreover, once the hypothesis of acquired immunity was proven in the 18th century, various methods for measuring immunity were developed. Molecular diagnosis, which was established during the 20th century after the presentation of Mendel's Genetic Laws in the 19th century, developed rapidly and became the predominant field in medical laboratory diagnostics. Thus, medical laboratory technology became an academic field, with foundations based on basic sciences. Modern medicine will further progress thanks to medical advancements, leading to an extension of average human lifespan up to 100 years. Laboratory medicine will provide significant support for this development.
Adaptive Immunity ; Blood Transfusion ; Chemistry, Clinical ; Cholera ; Diagnosis ; Disease Outbreaks ; Foundations ; Hematologic Tests ; Hematology ; History, Modern 1601- ; Humans ; Inventions ; Jurisprudence ; Medical Laboratory Science ; Methods ; Pathology, Molecular