We experienced two AB3 and a B3 from a 27-year-old student and his family. B3 subgroup was confirmed by delayed and weak mixed-field agglutination with anti-B serum, adsorption-elution test, serum and saliva hemagglutination inhibition test and family study. We report a family case of AB3 and B3 with brief review of literatures.
Adult ; Agglutination ; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests ; Humans ; Saliva

We experienced two AB3 and a B3 from a 27-year-old student and his family. B3 subgroup was confirmed by delayed and weak mixed-field agglutination with anti-B serum, adsorption-elution test, serum and saliva hemagglutination inhibition test and family study. We report a family case of AB3 and B3 with brief review of literatures.
Adult ; Agglutination ; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests ; Humans ; Saliva

BACKGROUND: The distinction between secretors and nonsecretors of ABH and Lewis substances is made by inhibiting an antiserum agglutinin reaction with saliva, but many variables such as ethnic group, Lewis and ABO genotype, saliva collection method and antiserum influence the detection of salivary substances. Human secretor (1,2) fucosyltransferase (FUT II) gene determines the ABH secretor status and influences the Lewis phenotype of an individual. The aim of this study is to comparison between the genotype of the secretory (FUT II) gene and the secretory phenotype of the saliva and evaluate the usefulness of genotyping secretory gene. METHOD: In order to explore the secretory genotypes, the 79 specimens were analyzed by the PCR-RFLP method designed for the detection of the A385T, the C357T and the G428A mutations of FUT II gene. Also, we performed secretory phenotyping of the saliva by hemagglutination inhibition test and compared between the genotype of FUT II gene and secretory phenotype of the saliva. RESULT: The frequencies of Se1, Se2 and sej among 158 alleles examined in a random sample were 11.1%, 40.5% and 48.4%. The frequencies of Se1/Se1, Se1/Se2, Se2/Se2, Se1/sej, Se2/sej and sej/sej among 158 genotypes were 3.2%, 3.2%, 20.3%, 12.7%, 37.3% and 23.4%. The frequencies of Secretor and nonsecretor phenotypes were 76.6% and 23.4%. There were 3 mismatch individuals between phenotype and genotype, all three cases were nonsecretor in phenotype but secretor (Se1/Se1, Se1/Se2, Se2/sej) in genotype. CONCLUSION: PCR-RFLP method can be effectively used for the genotyping of the FUT II gene and offer an attractive alternative to the phenotype of secretor state using saliva.
Alleles ; Ethnic Groups ; Genotype* ; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests ; Humans ; Phenotype* ; Saliva*

PURPOSE: For evaluating the immunogenicity of an influenza vaccine, the microneutralization (MN) test has a higher sensitivity and specificity as compared to the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. However, the MN test is more time consuming and is difficult to standardize. We performed the MN test to determine its usefulness as an alternative or complementary test to the HI test for evaluating the immunogenicity of influenza vaccines. METHODS: We compared the MN test with the HI test using 50 paired samples taken from a previous clinical study (2008-2009) in Korean children under 18 years of age. RESULTS: The linear correlation coefficients of the 2 tests for H3N2, H1N1, and influenza B were 0.69, 0.70, and 0.66, respectively. We identified a high index of coincidence between the 2 tests. For an influenza vaccine, the postvaccination seroprotection rates and seroconversion rates determined by the MN test were 78.0% and 96.0%, 90% and 42.0%, and 42.0% and 48.0% for H3N2, H1N1, and influenza B, respectively. Geometric mean titer fold increases of H3N2, H1N1, and influenza B were 2.89, 5.04, and 4.29, respectively, and were 2.5-fold higher. We obtained good results in the evaluation of the immunogenicity of the 2008-2009 seasonal influenza vaccines. CONCLUSION: We found that the MN test was as effective as the HI test. Therefore, we suggest that the MN test can be used as an alternative or complementary test to the HI test for evaluating the immunogenicity of influenza vaccines.
Child ; Hemagglutination ; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests ; Humans ; Influenza Vaccines ; Influenza, Human ; Neutralization Tests ; Seasons ; Sensitivity and Specificity

The virus neutralization (VN) test was used to determine potency of the infectious bronchitis (IB) vaccine. The results of VN, hemagglutination inhibition (HI), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were compared with those of the IBV M41. The r² values between VN and HI titers and the ELISA antibody titer were 0.8782 and 0.0336, respectively, indicating a high correlation between VN and HI, but not VN and ELISA. The Cohen's kappa coefficient between the VN titer of 2 log₁₀ and HI titer of 5 log₂ was 0.909. Our results showed that VN could be replaced with HI for testing the potency of IBV M41.
Bronchitis ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay* ; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests* ; Hemagglutination* ; Infectious bronchitis virus* ; Neutralization Tests* ; Vaccine Potency*

Analyzing HI tests of 110 cases of clinical Japanese Encephalitis in 1982, the following results are obtained. 1. The results of HI test are positive in 39 (35.5%), borderline positive in 19 (9.1%), negative in 14 (12.7%) and undetermined in 47 (43.7%) cases. 2. In 49 cases of positive HI test, 14 cases reveal the positive result on the first HI test requested in 5-27 days after the clinical onset of symptoms, and 35 cases show increasing HI titers on the follow-up studies. There is a tendency of increasing HI titers upto 3-4 weeks of onset and sustaining the value for more than two months. 3. In 35 cases with increasing titers on follow-up study, the highest titer is 1:80 in 5 cases, and the half of HI negative cases maintain that value throughout the course. 4. There is no significant statistical differences in clinical characteristics, laboratory and cerebrospinal fluid studies between the patient group of HI positive or borderline and group of HI negative or undermined, except mean hospital day and incidence of coma and death.
Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Coma ; Encephalitis, Arbovirus* ; Encephalitis, Japanese ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests* ; Hemagglutination* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea*

Reovirus was found to inhabit both the respiratory and the enteric tract of human find animals. The genome of reovirus comprises 10 segments of double-stranded RNA, total size 24 kbp. Nine strains of reovirus were isolated from human and field mice in Korea. Aseptically collected sera from human and lung tissues from field mice were used for virus isolation For serotype determination, hemagglutination inhibition test was used, and three strains were confirmed to type 2 and six strains to type 3. To determine the genomic diversity and molecular phylogeny of reoviruses isolated in Korea, part of 54 genomic segment of reovirus was enzymatically amplified and directly sequenced. In nucleotide level, Apo98-35 strain showed 15.4%, 19.3%, and 14.4% differences compared to type 1 (T1L, Lang), type 2 (T2J), and type 3 reference strains, respectively. In amino acid level, Apo98-35 strain showed 10.5%, 13.7%, and 9.5% differences compared to type 1, type 2, and type 3 reference strains, respectively. Using the maximum parsimony method based on 285 bp spaning region of the S4 genomic segment, phylogenetic analysis indicated that Apo98-35 from Korea formed different phylogenetic branch. Our data obtained by sequence and phylogenetic analyses of reoviruses are consistent with the distinct geographically dependent evolution of reoviruses in Korea.
Animals ; Genome ; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests ; Humans ; Korea* ; Lung ; Mice ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Double-Stranded

Reovirus was found to inhabit both the respiratory and the enteric tract of human find animals. The genome of reovirus comprises 10 segments of double-stranded RNA, total size 24 kbp. Nine strains of reovirus were isolated from human and field mice in Korea. Aseptically collected sera from human and lung tissues from field mice were used for virus isolation For serotype determination, hemagglutination inhibition test was used, and three strains were confirmed to type 2 and six strains to type 3. To determine the genomic diversity and molecular phylogeny of reoviruses isolated in Korea, part of 54 genomic segment of reovirus was enzymatically amplified and directly sequenced. In nucleotide level, Apo98-35 strain showed 15.4%, 19.3%, and 14.4% differences compared to type 1 (T1L, Lang), type 2 (T2J), and type 3 reference strains, respectively. In amino acid level, Apo98-35 strain showed 10.5%, 13.7%, and 9.5% differences compared to type 1, type 2, and type 3 reference strains, respectively. Using the maximum parsimony method based on 285 bp spaning region of the S4 genomic segment, phylogenetic analysis indicated that Apo98-35 from Korea formed different phylogenetic branch. Our data obtained by sequence and phylogenetic analyses of reoviruses are consistent with the distinct geographically dependent evolution of reoviruses in Korea.
Animals ; Genome ; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests ; Humans ; Korea* ; Lung ; Mice ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Double-Stranded

PURPOSE: Although influenza is regarded as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients, vaccine coverage remains poor. We evaluated the immunogenicity of influenza vaccines in colorectal cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 40 colorectal cancer patients who received an influenza vaccine at the Korea Cancer Center Hospital during the 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 influenza seasons were analyzed. The blood samples were collected at prevaccination and 30 days post vaccination, and antibody titers were measured using the hemagglutination-inhibition tests. RESULTS: In the 2009-2011 season, the seroprotection rate for H1N1 (94.7%) was significantly higher than that for H3N2 (42.1%) and B (47.3%). The seroconversion rate was 52.6%, 26.3%, and 36.8% for H1N1, H3N2, and B, respectively. Fold increase of geometric mean titer (MFI) was 3.86, 1.49, and 3.33 for H1N1, H3N2, and B, respectively. In the 2010-2011 season, the seroprotection rate for H1N1 (57.1%) was significantly higher than that for H3N2 (52.4%) and B (38.1%). The seroconversion rate was 52.4%, 47.6% and 33.3% for H1N1, H3N2, and B, respectively. MFI was 12.29, 3.62 and 4.27 for H1N1, H3N2, and B, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our study cohort showed an acceptable immune response to an influenza vaccine without significant adverse effects, supporting the recommendation for annual influenza vaccination in colorectal cancer patients.
Cohort Studies ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Influenza Vaccines* ; Influenza, Human* ; Korea ; Mortality ; Seasons ; Vaccination

BACKGROUND: Dengue is a major health problem. The lack of data on the usefulness of rapid diagnostic tests for early detection of dengue has generated interest in determining their validity.

OBJECTIVES: This research aimed to determine the validity of dengue IgA antibody versus NS1 antigen test as rapid diagnostic tests for early detection of dengue using Hemagglutination Inhibition test (HI) as standard reference.

METHODOLOGY: This study included 51 pediatric patients being evaluated for dengue in a private hospital from March 01, 2012 to October 30, 2012. Paired serum samples from patients suspected of dengue and had fever of not more than seven days were examined. Initial blood samples were collected on the first day of consult and tested for dengue IgA antibody, dengue NS1 antigen, and dengue HI tests. Second blood samples for HI were collected seven days after the initial extraction

RESULTS: The 51 serum samples used in this study came from 29 males and 22 females. From these samples, sensitivity of dengue IgA antibody was 80% with 95% CI (70-90) while specificity was at 50% with 95% CI(34-64) while dengue NS1 antigen which showed sensitivity of 27% with 95% CI (15-39) and specificity of 67% with 95% CI (54-86). IgA rapid test demonstrated 71% positivity in detecting acute primary dengue infection and 82% for acute secondary infection. NS1 detected 43% of primary infection and 24% of secondary infection.

CONCLUSION: Dengue IgA antibody rapid test was more sensitive than NS1 antigen test for early diagnosis of dengue and had better performance in detecting primary and secondary dengue.

Human ; Male ; Female ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child Preschool ; Dengue-diagnosis, Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures ; Immunoglobulin A ; Antigens ; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests