Helicobacter pylori (HP) is an infectious pathogen which can easily infringe gastric mucosa. If the body is infected by HP, it can release cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, IL-1 and IL-6. These cytokines can regulate the absorption and transformation of bone, promote the formation of osteoclast, and then cause localized or systemic osteoporosis. HP infection may decrease the level of estrogen and vitamin B12, which is considered as a risk factor for osteoporosis. Helicobacter pylori infection is related with the occurrence of gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric malignancies, and these diseases and treatments are associated with osteoporosis. Meanwhile the application of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) can influence absorption of calcium, decrease the level of serum calcium and increase the risk of fracture. Gastrostomy may cause bone metabolism disorders.
Helicobacter Infections ; complications ; drug therapy ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Osteoporosis ; etiology

The relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is complex. Since some studies have suggested that H. pylori eradication may result in an increased incidence of GERD in duodenal ulcer patients, there have been debates about the protective function of H. pylori infection on GERD. H. pylori-associated antral gastritis can induce increased gastric acid output via increasing gastrin secretion. Changes in gastric acid secretion depend on the distribution (e.g. antral, corpus or pangastritis) or severity of gastritis, not on H. pylori infection itself. Patients with H. pylori infection are at risk of developing gastric mucosal atrophy, and a cohort study suggested that long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy for GERD may accelerate this process. Therefore, it has been recommended that H. pylori should be treated in GERD patients in whom a long-term antisecretory therapy is planned. The previous hypothesis that 'H. pylori infection protects from the development of GERD' is thought to be an erroneous concept recently.
Gastritis/microbiology ; Gastroesophageal Reflux/drug therapy/*microbiology ; Helicobacter Infections/*complications/drug therapy ; *Helicobacter pylori ; Humans

China is a country with high incidence of gastric cancer, most of which are advanced gastric cancer, accounting for about half of the new cases in the world. Environmental factors play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer. Helicobacter pylori and Epstein Barr virus(EBV) infection have been confirmed as one of the important pathogenic factors of gastric cancer. With the development and application of molecular biology and sequencing technology, molecular typing based on patient genetic characteristics has been proposed to guide accurate treatment and predict prognosis. Surgery is the cornerstone of gastric cancer treatment. Laparoscopy has been developing rapidly in the past 20 years on account of its clinical application advantages such as minimally invasive and magnified visual field and refined anatomy, making it one of the standard treatment options for early gastric cancer, with its indications for the treatment of gastric cancer continuously expanding. The application of endoscopic treatment and reduction surgery for early gastric cancer further improves the quality of life of patients, and surgical treatment of gastric cancer tends to be precise and minimally invasive. The comprehensive treatment of surgery combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy is a standard treatment of local advanced gastric cancer. The exploration of related drugs and treatment models is the current research hotspot, and the development and application of targeted therapy and immunotherapy provide more choices in this field. The treatment of advanced gastric cancer is focused on the exploration of chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Some studies have shown good prospects and provided more opportunities for conversion therapy. This article will share the new developments in the field of gastric cancer research in 2018.
China ; epidemiology ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; complications ; Helicobacter Infections ; complications ; Helicobacter pylori ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Prognosis ; Stomach Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; etiology ; pathology ; therapy

To analyze the causes of failure in conventional treatment to refractory gastroesophageal reflux diseases (GERD) patients, 16 refractory GERD patients (group R) and 16 cases of GERD primarily diagnosed (group P) were studied. Endoscopy, pathologic examination and 14C urea breath test were conducted in every patient. 24 h ambulatory pH and bilirubin monitoring were performed with Digitrapper MK III and Synetics Bilitec 2000. It was found that esophagitis in group R was more severe than in group P. The rate of Helicobacter pylori infection in group R was significantly lower than in group P. Fraction time pH below 4.00 was not longer while the bile reflux represented by fraction time abs above 0.14 was greater for patients in the group R as compared with those in the group P. The mixed refluxes and pure bile refluxes between the two groups had significant difference. The reflux episodes in the group R mainly occurred during nights. These results indicated that severe esophagitis, especially Barrett's esophagus with complications makes it difficult to control GERD. Severe duodenogastroesophageal refluxes (DGER) are often accompanied by refractory GERD. Mixed refluxes aggravate the esophageal injuries. Pure bile refluxes and nocturnal refluxes may cause failure of administration of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) in the morning. Helicobacter pylori infection and acid refluxes may not be the direct cause of refractoriness. Individual refractory GERD patient without abnormal results on pH or bile reflux recently should be diagnosed again.
Adult ; Barrett Esophagus ; complications ; Esophagitis ; complications ; microbiology ; Female ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; complications ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Helicobacter Infections ; complications ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Failure

To analyze the causes of failure in conventional treatment to refractory gastroesophageal reflux diseases (GERD) patients, 16 refractory GERD patients (group R) and 16 cases of GERD primarily diagnosed (group P) were studied. Endoscopy, pathologic examination and 14C urea breath test were conducted in every patient. 24 h ambulatory pH and bilirubin monitoring were performed with Digitrapper MK III and Synetics Bilitec 2000. It was found that esophagitis in group R was more severe than in group P. The rate of Helicobacter pylori infection in group R was significantly lower than in group P. Fraction time pH below 4.00 was not longer while the bile reflux represented by fraction time abs above 0.14 was greater for patients in the group R as compared with those in the group P. The mixed refluxes and pure bile refluxes between the two groups had significant difference. The reflux episodes in the group R mainly occurred during nights. These results indicated that severe esophagitis, especially Barrett's esophagus with complications makes it difficult to control GERD. Severe duodenogastroesophageal refluxes (DGER) are often accompanied by refractory GERD. Mixed refluxes aggravate the esophageal injuries. Pure bile refluxes and nocturnal refluxes may cause failure of administration of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) in the morning. Helicobacter pylori infection and acid refluxes may not be the direct cause of refractoriness. Individual refractory GERD patient without abnormal results on pH or bile reflux recently should be diagnosed again.
Barrett Esophagus/complications ; Esophagitis/complications ; Esophagitis/microbiology ; Gastroesophageal Reflux/complications ; Gastroesophageal Reflux/diagnosis ; Gastroesophageal Reflux/*therapy ; Helicobacter Infections/complications ; Helicobacter pylori ; Treatment Failure

No abstract availble.
Adult ; Gastric Mucosa/*pathology ; Gastritis, Hypertrophic/microbiology/*pathology ; Gastroscopy ; Helicobacter Infections/complications/*drug therapy ; *Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Male

Although the age-adjusted incidence of gastric cancer is declining, the absolute number of new cases of gastric cancer is increasing due to population growth and aging. An effective strategy is needed to prevent this deadly cancer. Among the available strategies, screen-and-treat for Helicobacter pylori infection appears to be the best approach to decrease cancer risk; however, implementation of this strategy on the population level requires a systematic approach. The program also must be integrated into national healthcare priorities to allow the limited resources to be most effectively allocated. Implementation will require adoption of an appropriate screening strategy, an efficient delivery system with a timely referral for a positive test, and standardized treatment regimens based on clinical efficacy, side effects, simplicity, duration, and cost. Within the population, there are subpopulations that vary in risk such that a "one size fits all" approach is unlikely to be ideal. Sensitivity analyses will be required to identify whether the programs can be utilized by heterogeneous populations and will likely require adjustments to accommodate the needs of subpopulations.
Health Priorities ; Helicobacter Infections/complications/diagnosis/microbiology/*therapy ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Stomach Neoplasms/microbiology/*prevention & control

Gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma represents approximately 40% of gastric lymphomas, and its incidence is increasing. An early diagnosis for gastric MALT lymphoma is important, but not easy due to non-specific symptoms and endoscopic findings. Diagnosis is based on the histopathologic evaluation of multiple, deep and repeated biopsies taken from normal and any abnormal appearing sites of the stomach. In addition, the presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection must be determined to determine therapeutic approach. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is essential for the evaluation of regional lymph nodes and the depth of tumor invasion in the gastric wall, for predicting response to H. pylori eradication, and for monitoring tumor regression or recurrence. The eradication of H. pylori is recommended as an initial treatment for low-grade gastric MALT lymphoma with H. pylori infection. Both radiation therapy and chemotherapy are suitable alternative options for H. pylori-negative, refractory, or high-grade gastric MALT lymphoma. But, the role of surgery is diminishing. After treatment, strict endoscopic regular follow-up including EUS is recommended with multiple biopsies. However, controversy remains regarding the best diagnosis, treatment and follow-up strategy for this disease.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Endosonography ; Gastroscopy ; Helicobacter Infections/complications/drug therapy ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/complications/*diagnosis/therapy ; Stomach Neoplasms/complications/*diagnosis/therapy

No abstract available.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use ; Helicobacter Infections/complications/drug therapy ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Peptic Ulcer/drug therapy/*etiology ; Recurrence ; Republic of Korea ; Risk Factors ; Smoking

Adolescent ; Chronic Disease ; Helicobacter Infections ; complications ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Syndrome