Objective To explore the relationship between antibiotic application time and delivery outcome after the premature rupture of membranes,and to explore the effect of using antibiotics to delivery outcome.Methods 474 premature rupture of fetal membranes parturient who deliver in our desk work were selected as study objects.According to the time of premature rupture of membranes,the patients were dividwd into groups.The patients that bear children within 12h after the membrane rupture are divided into A group.A group had 284 cases and they were randomly divided into two groups,A1 group and A2 group,both of which had 142 cases.The patients that beared children within 12 ～ 24h after the membrane rupture were divided into B group.B group had 120 cases.The patients that beared children 24h after the membrane rupture were divided into C group.C group had 70 cases.A2 group,B group and C group were all given antibiotic intravenous infusion,A1 group was not given that.The pregnancy outcome was observed.Results B group and A group,C group and A group had significant differences in the mode of delivery,fetal distress,neonatal asphyxia,chorioamnionitis incidence (all P ＜ 0.05).A2 group and A1 group had no significant differences in the mode of delivery,fetal distress,neonatal asphyxia,chorioamnionitis incidence (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion If there are clear evidence which can prove maternal have infected within 12h after the membrane rupture,we can choose not to use antibiotics.And whether using antibiotics or not can not affect the delivery outcome.

Objective To examine the interrelation between the cognitive deviation and loneli-ness levels of medical students and its influencing factors. Methods Totally 220 medical students in grade two of one medical school were selected by method of cluster random sampling. The data of the research were obtained through cognitive bias questionnaire (CBQ) and emotional-social loneliness questionnaire. Interrelation between the cognitive deviation type and condition of emotional-social lone-liness of medical students were analyzed by Pearson product-moment correlation two-tailed test. Multi-ple stepwise regression analysis was conducted by taking score of emotional-social loneliness as de-pendent variable and score of CBQ as independent variable. Differences in cognitive deviation and loneliness levels between rural and urban students as well as between students from single child family and students from non single child family were analyzed by independent-sample t test. Results Neg-ative cognitive deviation of depression-distortion type was positively correlated with medical students' emotional isolation (r=0.161, P=0.021),social isolation (r=0.266,P=0.000), emotional loneliness (r=0.340, P=0.000) and social loneliness (r=0.385, P=0.000). The regression equation was: score of emotional-social loneliness=27.165+1.908 (depression-distortion)+0.836 (depression-non distortion).Students from non single child family had higher scores than students from single child family in the perspectives of depression-distortion”(P=0.017), social isolation(P=0.001), emotional loneliness(P=0.016), social loneliness(P=0.000). Rural students had higher scores in the above four perspectives than urban students(P<0.05). Conclusions Negative cognitive deviation levels of medical students is positively correlated with emotion and social isolation conditions and loneliness experiences. Regres-sion analysis shows that unhealthy cognitive disposition and thinking mode probably are one of the im-portant reasons leading to medical students' stress disorder. Students from single child family and rural area may experience social loneliness more deeply and students from single child family have obvious cognitive deviation.

OBJECTIVE: To study the difference between age and gender in patients with micturition syncope (MS). METHODS: A total of 56 patients with MS were diagnosed from 1 542(3-72 years old) cases with unexplained syncope or symptoms of presyncope during micturition in our hospital. The age, onset age, positive rate of head up tilt table test (HUTT) and their correlation with age and gender were analyzed. RESULTS: The average age of patients with MS was older than that of patients with nonmicturition syncope (NMS)[5-67(35.5)years old vs. 3-72(12)years old,Z=-7.587,P<0.01]. Among the patients with MS, adults (>18 years old) were more than children (≤ 18 years old) (9.4% vs. 1.0%,χ2=65.689,P<0.01). There was gender difference in the onset rate of MS (male 5.0% vs. female 2.5%,χ 2=6.858,P<0.01). There was no difference in the positive rate of HUTT between the MS and NMS groups, and between the males and females with MS. There was no difference in age and onset age between the HUTT positive and negative group, and between the males and females. CONCLUSION MS occurs more often in adults and males. Bezold Jazisch reflex may play a role in the mechanism of MS.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Posture ; physiology ; Sex Factors ; Syncope ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Tilt-Table Test ; Urination ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo observe the therapeutic effect of shenqi fanghou recipe (SFR) in preventing and treating radiation injury in patients with head and neck tumor.

METHODSOne hundred and forty patients with head and neck tumor, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma, carcinoma of tonsil or tongue, were randomly divided into 2 groups, 70 patients in the observed group were given modified SFR as adjuvant to radiotherapy, while 70 patients in the control group were treated with radiotherapy alone. The radiation reactions during radiotherapy and the condition of late stage radiation injury radiotherapy in patients in the 2 groups were observed.

RESULTSThe degree of oropharyngeal mucosa reaction, dryness in mouth and radiation dermatitis in cervical region in the observed group was milder than those in the control group, and the radiation injury induced late stage sequelae, such as the degree of mouth-opening was better and the cervical muscular sclerosis was better in the observed group than in the control group, showing significant difference (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSFR has definite effect in preventing and treating radiation reaction and late stage radiation injury in patients with head and neck tumor.

Adult ; Aged ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; radiotherapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Radiation Injuries ; drug therapy ; prevention & control

Objective:To establish a novel clinical application process of the optical surface monitoring system (OSMS) in the cranial frameless stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT), and to assess the accuracy and effectiveness of the OSMS in the intra-fraction motion monitoring of both cranial phantoms and cranial SRT patients fixed using the Q-Fix encompass immobilization system.Methods:The deviations of OSMS in the real-time motion monitoring were assessed by determining the deviations between the displacement of the cranial SRS phantoms detected by the OSMS and the predefined displacement of the Varian Edge six degrees of freedom (6DoF) couch. The ability of the OSMS to conduct real-time monitoring of the head movement was also analyzed when one camera was blocked by the rotary gantry of the accelerator and when the couch was at non-zero angles. Moreover, ten patients who received 50 fractions of cranial frameless SRT were enrolled in this study. All the patients were fixed using the Q-Fix Encompass system, and their intra-fraction motion was monitored using the OSMS. The intra-fraction errors of OSMS real-time monitoring throughout the treatment were obtained from the OSMS logs. The patients received cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) after the beam delivery, and the six-dimensional errors were obtained as intra-fraction motion errors of the CBCT.Results:For the cranial phantoms, there was a close correlation between the OSMS monitoring deviations and the predefined displacement in six dimensions. The OSMS-detected 3D vector deviations in the translational and rotational directions were (0.28±0.10) mm and (0.15±0.09)°, respectively when the angel both the gantry and couch was 0° and were (0.35±0.13) mm and(0.17±0.09)°, respectively, when one camera was blocked. The OSMS monitoring deviations with the couch at a non-zero degree were greater than those at zero degree. The maximum deviations occurred when the couch was at 270° and were (0.69±0.19) mm and (0.32±0.12)°, respectively, in the translational and rotational directions. For the cranial SRT patients fixed using the Q-Fix Encompass system, the OSMS and CBCT showed comparable intra-fractional motion deviations, which were (0.40±0.26) and (0.29±0.10) mm, respectively in the translational direction and were (0.33±0.20)°and (0.26±0.08)° in the rotational direction.Conclusions:The OSMS is an effective tool for optically guided radiotherapy, which allows for intra-fraction real-time motion monitoring with sub-millimeter accuracy. Therefore, to ensure the accurate preformation of cranial SRS/SRT, it is necessary to conduct the intra-fractional position monitoring using OSMS.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and prognostic influencing factors of radical surgery for duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST).Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 741 duodenal GIST patients who under-went radical surgery in 17 medical centers, including 121 cases in Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 121 cases in Chinese PLA General Hospital, 116 cases in Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 77 cases in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 77 cases in West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 31 cases in Guangdong Provincial People′s Hospital, 24 cases in Fujian Cancer Hospital, 22 cases in Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 25 cases in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 19 cases in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 23 cases in Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, 17 cases in Liaoning Cancer Hospital＆Institute, 17 cases in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 15 cases in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 14 cases in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 14 cases in Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University and 8 cases in General Hospital of Chinese People′s Liberation Army Air Force, from January 2010 to April 2020 were collected. There were 346 males and 395 females, aged 55(range, 17?86)years. Observation indicators: (1) neoadjuvant treatment; (2) surgical and postoperative situations; (3) follow-up; (4) stratified analysis. Follow-up was conducted using outpatient examination or telephone interview. Patients were followed up once every 3?6 months during neoadjuvant therapy and once every 6?12 months after radical surgery to detect tumor recurrence and survival of patient up to April 2022. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M(range), and comparison between groups was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. Count data were described as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was conducted using chi-square test or Fisher exact probability. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw survival curves and calculate survival rates. Log-rank test was used for survival analysis. The COX regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analyses. Propensity score matching was done by the 1∶1 nearest neighbor matching method, and the matching tolerance was 0.02. Results:(1) Neoadjuvant therapy. Of the 741 patients, 34 cases received neoadjuvant therapy for 8(range, 3?44)months. Cases assessed as partial response, stable disease and progressive disease before the radical surgery of the 34 cases were 21, 9, 4, respectively. The tumor diameter of the 34 patients before the neoadjuvant therapy and before the radical surgery were 8.0(range, 3.0?26.0)cm and 5.3(range, 3.0?18.0)cm, with the regression rate as 31.9%(range, ?166.7% to 58.3%). (2) Surgical and postoperative situations. Of the 741 patients, 34 cases underwent radical surgery after receiving neoadjuvant therapy, and 707 cases underwent radical surgery directly. All the 741 patients underwent radical surgery successfully, in which 633, 102 and 6 cases received open surgery, laparoscopic surgery and endoscopic treatment, respectively. Of the 633 cases receiving open surgery and the 102 cases receiving laparoscopic surgery, cases with surgical resection range as pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) was 238, and cases with surgical resection range as duodenal limited resection, including duodenal wedge resection, distal gastrectomy, segmental duodenal resection, local resection of duodenal tumor or segmental duodenum combined with subtotal gastrectomy, was 497, 226, 55, 204, 12. Of the 741 patients, 131 cases had post-operative complications including 113 cases with grade Ⅰ?Ⅱ complications and 18 cases with ≥ grade Ⅲ complications of the Clavien-Dindo classification. The duration of postoperative hospital stay of the 741 patients was 13(range, 4?120)days. Of the 707 patients receiving direct radical surgery, 371 cases were evaluated as extremely low risk, low risk, medium risk of the modified National Institutes of Health (NIH) risk classification after surgery, and 336 cases were evaluated as high risk in which 205 cases receive postoperative adjuvant imatinib therapy with the treatment time as 24(range, 6?110)months. (3) Follow-up. All the 741 patients were followed up for 58(range, 7?150)months. During the follow-up, 110 patients had tumor recurrence and metastasis. The 1-, 3-, 5-year overall survival rates and 1-, 3-, 5-year disease-free survival rates of the 741 patients were 100.0%, 98.6%, 94.5% and 98.4%, 90.9%, 84.9%, respectively. The 1-, 3-, 5-year overall survival rates and 1-, 3-, 5-year disease-free survival rates of the 707 patients receiving direct radical surgery were 100.0%, 98.5%, 94.3% and 98.4%, 91.1%, 85.4%, respectively. (4) Stratified analysis. ① Analysis of prognostic factors in patients undergoing radical surgery directly. Results of univariate analysis showed that primary tumor location, tumor diameter, mitotic count, modified NIH risk classification and tumor gene information were related factors affecting the overall survival of 707 patients with primary duodenal GIST who underwent direct radical surgery ( hazard ratio=0.43, 0.18, 0.22, 0.06, 0.29, 95% confidence intervals as 0.20?0.93, 0.09?0.35, 0.10?0.50, 0.03?0.12, 0.09?0.95, P<0.05). The primary tumor location, tumor diameter, mitotic count, modified NIH risk classification were related factors affecting the disease-free survival of 707 patients with primary duodenal GIST who underwent direct radical surgery ( hazard ratio=0.65, 0.25, 0.25, 0.10, 95% confidence intervals as 0.41?1.03, 0.17?0.37, 0.15?0.42, 0.07?0.15, P<0.05). Results of multivariate analysis showed that primary tumor located at the horizontal segment of duodenum, mitotic count >5/50 high power field, tumor gene KIT exon 9 mutation were independent risk factors affecting the overall survival of 365 patients with primary duodenal GIST after removing 342 patients without tumor gene information who underwent direct radical surgery ( hazard ratio=2.85, 2.73, 3.13, 95% confidence intervals as 1.12?7.20, 1.07?6.94, 1.23?7.93, P<0.05). Tumor diameter >5 cm and mitotic count >5/50 high power field were independent risk factors affecting the disease-free survival of 707 patients with primary duodenal GIST who underwent direct radical surgery ( hazard ratio=3.19, 2.98, 95% confidence intervals as 2.05?4.97, 1.99?4.45, P<0.05). ② Effect of postoperative adjuvant therapy on prognosis of high-risk patients of modified NIH risk classification. Of the 336 patients evaluated as high risk of the modified NIH risk classification, the 5-year overall survival rate and 5-year disease-free survival rate were 94.6% and 77.3% in the 205 cases with postoperative adjuvant therapy, versus 83.2% and 64.4% in the 131 cases without postoperative adjuvant therapy, showing significant differences between them ( χ2=8.39, 4.44, P<0.05). Of the 205 patients evaluated as high risk of the modified NIH risk classification who received postoperative adjuvant therapy, there were 106 cases receiving postoperative adjuvant therapy <36 months, with the 5-year overall survival rate and 5-year disease-free survival rate were 87.1% and 58.7%, and there were 99 cases receiving post-operative adjuvant therapy ≥36 months, with the 5-year overall survival rate and 5-year disease-free survival rate were 100.0% and 91.5%. There were significant differences in the 5-year overall survival rate and 5-year disease-free survival rate between the 106 patients and the 99 patients ( χ2=13.92, 29.61, P<0.05). ③ Comparison of clinical efficacy of patients with different surgical methods. Before propensity score matching, cases with primary tumor located at bulb, descending, horizontal, ascending segment of duodenum, cases with tumor diameter ≤5 cm and >5 cm were 95, 307, 147, 34, 331, 252, in the 583 patients receiving open surgery with complete clinical data, versus 15, 46, 17, 5, 67, 16 in the 83 patients receiving laparoscopic surgery with complete clinical data, showing no significant difference in the primary tumor location ( χ2=0.94, P>0.05), and a significant difference in the tumor diameter ( χ2=17.33, P<0.05) between them. After propensity score matching, the above indicator were 16, 39, 20, 8, 67, 16 in the 83 patients receiving open surgery, versus 15, 46, 17, 5, 67, 16 in the 83 patients receiving laparoscopic surgery, showing no significant difference between them ( χ2=1.54, 0.00, P>0.05). Cases with postoperative complications, cases with grade Ⅰ?Ⅱ complica-tions and ≥grade Ⅲ complications of the Clavien-Dindo classification, duration of postoperative hospital stay, the 5-year overall survival rate and 5-year disease-free survival rate were 17, 12, 5, 11(range, 5?120)days, 92.0%, 100.0% in the 83 patients receiving open surgery, versus 9, 7, 2, 11(range, 5?41)days, 91.6%, 97.3% in the 83 patients receiving laparoscopic surgery, showing no signi-ficant difference in postoperative complications, duration of postoperative hospital stay, the 5-year overall survival rate and 5-year disease-free survival rate ( χ2=2.91, Z=3 365.50, χ2=3.02, 1.49, P>0.05) between them. There was no significant difference in complications of the Clavien-Dindo classification between them ( P>0.05). ④ Comparison of clinical efficacy of patients with primary tumor located at the descending segment of duodenum who underwent surgery with different surgical resection scopes. Before propensity score matching, cases with tumor diameter ≤5 cm and >5 cm, cases with tumor located at opposite side of mesangium and mesangium were 71, 85, 28, 128 in the 156 patients with primary tumor located at the descending segment of duodenum who underwent PD with complete clinical data, versus 92, 41, 120, 13 in the 133 patients with primary tumor located at the descending segment of duodenum who underwent duodenal limited resection with complete clinical data, showing significant differences between them ( χ2=16.34, 150.10, P<0.05). After propensity score matching, the above indicator were 28, 13, 16, 25 in the 41 patients with primary tumor located at the descending segment of duodenum who underwent PD with complete clinical data, versus 28, 13, 16, 25 in the 41 patients with primary tumor located at the descending segment of duodenum who underwent duodenal limited resection with complete clinical data, showing no significant difference between them ( χ2=0.00, 0.00, P>0.05). Cases with postopera-tive complications, cases with grade Ⅰ?Ⅱ complications and ≥grade Ⅲ compli-cations of the Clavien-Dindo classification, duration of postoperative hospital stay, the 5-year overall survival rate and 5-year disease-free survival rate were 13, 11, 2, 15(range, 9?62)days, 94.2%, 64.3% in the 41 patients with primary tumor located at the descending segment of duodenum who underwent PD with complete clinical data, versus 9, 8, 0, 15(range, 7?40)days, 100.0%, 78.8% in the 41 patients with primary tumor located at the descending segment of duodenum who underwent duodenal limited resection with complete clinical data, showing no significant difference in post-operative complica-tions, the 5-year overall survival rate and 5-year disease-free survival rate ( χ2=0.99, 0.34, 1.86, P>0.05) between them. There was no significant difference in complications of the Clavien-Dindo classification ( P>0.05) and there was a significant difference in duration of postopera-tive hospital stay ( Z=614.50, P<0.05) between them. Conclusions:The clinical efficacy of radical surgery for duodenal GIST are ideal. Primary tumor located at the horizontal segment of duodenum, mitotic count >5/50 high power field, tumor gene KIT exon 9 mutation are independent risk factors affec-ting the overall survival of patients undergoing direct radical surgery and tumor diameter >5 cm and mitotic count >5/50 high power field are independent risk factors affecting the disease-free survival of patients. There is no significant difference in the short-term efficacy and long-term prognosis between patients undergoing open surgery and laparoscopic surgery. For patients with primary tumor located at the descending segment of duodenum, the duration of postoperative hospital stay is longer in patients undergoing PD compared with patients undergoing duodenal limited resection. For patients evaluated as high risk of the modified NIH risk classification, posto-perative adjuvant therapy and treatment time ≥36 months are conducive to improving the prognosis of patients.

The important role of liquid-liquid phase separation in a series of biological processes,including regulation of gene transcription and translation,stress response,autophagy and the establishment of synaptic structure,has been widely accepted.Abnormal phase separation is associated with many human diseases,including neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.Studies have shown that some proteins associated with epigenetic modifications are also subject to liquid-liquid phase separation,suggesting that epigenetic modifications regulate the development and disease of the nervous system by regulating phase separation.This review summarized the important roles of epigenetic modification and phase separation in neurodevelopment and neurodiseases,and focused on the important roles of proteins related to epigenetic modification with phase separation characteristics.Understanding the correlation between epigenetic modification and phase separation will help fully understand the underlying mechanisms of neurodevelopment and neurodiseases,and will further provide new targets and strategies for the treatment of related diseases.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the levels of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in animal foods and to assess the diet exposure risk of OPPs to Chinese population.

METHODS115 samples, including pork, beef, mutton, chicken, fish, eggs, and milk were collected from 13 provinces in China, were analyzed by dual gas chromatography-dual pulsed flame photometry (GC-PFPD) for the contamination of 58 organophosphorus pesticide residues including their metabolites. The cumulative exposure assessment and high-end exposure assessment were used to assess the diet exposure risk of OPPs to Chineses population.

RESULTSThe contamination levels of OPPs in animal foods were in the range of not detected (ND)-0.343 mg/kg, and the total detection rate was 37.4% (43/115). OPPs were frequently detected in samples of milk, fish and pork compared with other animal foods with the detection rate of 12/19, 9/16 and 7/16, respectively. The cumulative exposure amount of 10 OPPs to Chinese population was 0.12 µg×kg(-1)·d(-1), which accounted for 7.29% of the ADI.

CONCLUSIONThe residue levels of OPPs were low in animal food in the surveyed areas in China with some banned individual OPPs, such as methamidophos and monocrotophos, were detected. The dietary exposure risk of OPPs raised by the intake of animal foods in surveyed areas of China was low.

Animal Feed ; Animals ; Cattle ; China ; Chromatography, Gas ; Diet ; Eggs ; Food ; Food Contamination ; Meat ; Milk ; Organophosphorus Compounds ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Pesticide Residues ; Pesticides ; Sheep ; Swine