Although hypospadias should be repaired before school age, there is no one good method for all hypospadias repair. The surgical goals of hypospadias repair are primarily correction of chordee, formation of urethral tube, and achievement of a meatus near or at the tip of glans penis in order to achieve a functionally and cosmetically acceptable phallus. We reported on 46 patients who underwent hypospadias repair between May, 1972 and April, 1984. In two stage operation, chordectomy was undergone in 30 cases, of which 1 case had complication with incomplete chordee remove. At recent, with artificial erection technique complete chordee remove is possible. In 42 cages of urethroplasty such as MAGPI, flip-flap, Island flap technique by Duckett, modified Crawford method, Belt-Fuqua, and free flap using thigh skin, urethrocutaneous fistula developed in 9 cases, urethral stricture in 2, and keloid in 1.
Female ; Fistula ; Free Tissue Flaps ; Humans ; Hypospadias* ; Keloid ; Male ; Penis ; Skin ; Thigh ; Urethral Stricture

Patients with signs of benign prostatic hyperplasia undergo excretory urography as a part of the diagnostic measures. The investigation is expected to yield information on the upper urinary tract and pathology of the bladder. But the necessity of excretory urography as a routine study before prostatectomy has been questioned. Herein we analyzed 154 patients who underwent excretory urography before prostatectomy at department of Urology, Masan Koryo General Hospital from January 1990 to December 1992. Of 154 patients, 117(76.0% ) showed normal upper tract with cystogram compatible with benign prostatic hyperplasia, 19(12.3% ) dilated upper tract. 1 (0.6% ) nonvisualized kidney, 9(5. 8%) incidental upper tract anomalies, 12(7.8% ) urolithiasis. Most of these anomalies could not alter the planned therapeutical procedures. We concluded that excretory urography is not always necessary in diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia, but only in selected cases.
Diagnosis ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Kidney ; Pathology ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Tract ; Urography* ; Urolithiasis ; Urology

Using specific monoclonal antibodies to the ras and HER-2/neu oncoprotein, a total of 8 normal urothelium and 58 transitional cell carcinoma(TCC) of the urinary bladder were stained immunohistochemically to investigate the possible roles of the oncogenes in the development of bladder TCC and their implications. Of the 52 bladder TCC specimens which contained the outer layer in the sections, 51 tumors showed the expression of the ras p21 in the outer layer. 56 of 58 bladder TCC specimens showed the expression of ras p21 in the intermediate and basal layers. The staining intensity in whole layers was relatively higher than that of the normal urothelium. The staining intensity in outer layer was not correlated with the tumor grade and invasiveness, while in intermediate and basal layers significantly correlated. HER-2/neu expression occurred in 22 (38%) of 58 TCC, whereas no normal urothelial cells were reactive for HER-2/neu. HER-2/neu expression rate was significantly correlated with the tumor grade and invasiveness. These findings suggest that ras and HER-2/neu oncogenes may play a crucial role in the development of bladder TCC and that immunohistochemical characteristics of these oncoproteins may give a additional prognostic information in the patients with bladder TCC.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Humans ; Oncogene Proteins* ; Oncogenes ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urothelium

We studied a prospective clinical trial designed to compare the effect of Adriamycin with TUR alone in 27 patients with superficial bladder tumors (stage O, A) who underwent treatment at the Hanyang University Hospital from March, 1981 to February 1985. A total 27 patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. Control group, comprised 11 patients, treated TUR alone and study group, consisted of 16 patients, treated with intravesical Adriamycin (40mg / 20ml, instillation after TUR. The first instillation was usually given 2 weeks after TUR and repeated biweekly for 5 months. (a total of 10 instillations). All data were analyzed and obtained the following results : Mean follow up was 20.6 months in the control group and 19.9 months in the study group. During the follow up period, percent of recurrences for control group was 63.6% (7 cases) compared to 37.5% (6 cases ) for the study group. Recurrent rate in another words, recurrences per 100 patients-month was 5.73 for controls ang 3.46 for the Adriamycin group, respectively. There appeared to be a close relationship between initial tumor grade, size and number and the trend of tumor recurrence. Although Adriamycin effect could not be strictly compared to both groups, it seemed to have a potential for reducing recurrence according to these conditions (grade, size, number). Toxicity was not systemic, but vesical irritability such as frequency, dysuria and hematuria were noticed in 31.3% (5 cases).
Doxorubicin* ; Dysuria ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Recurrence ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.
Teratoma*

PURPOSE: To investigate whether up-regulation of the caveolin-1 gene is associated with the resistance to the chemotherapeutic agents in human renal cell carcinomas (HRCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two HRCC cell lines, SN12C and SN12CPM7, with low and high metastatic potentials, respectively, were cultured. Between these two cell lines, the cytotoxicities to doxorubicin, and the expressions of the caveolin-1 gene, were compared using the MTT assay and Northern blot analysis, respectively. A full length of caveolin-1 cDNA was obtained, and inserted into the SN12C to make stable cells expressing the caveolin-1 gene (SN12C/Cav). In these cells, the status of the caveolin-1 expression was evaluated, and the cytotoxicity to doxorubicin or interferon compared to other cell lines. RESULTS: The SN12CPM7 cells were less sensitive to the doxorubicin than the SN12C cells in the cytotoxicity study. The Northern blot analysis revealed that the expression of caveolin-1 was higher in the SN12CPM7 than in the SN12C cells. The expression levels of the caveolin-1 gene in the SN12C/Cav and SN12CPM7 were very similar. The MTT assay, using transfected cell lines, revealed that the SN12C/Cav was more resistant to both the doxorubicin and interferon than the SN12C. CONCLUSIONS: In HRCCs, up-regulation of the caveolin-1 gene may be associated with the change in the biological response to anti-cancer drugs. The induction of the caveolin-1 gene expression may provide the cancer cells with some protection against the action of cytotoxic drugs.
Blotting, Northern ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Caveolin 1* ; Caveolins ; Cell Line ; DNA, Complementary ; Doxorubicin ; Drug Resistance ; Drug Resistance, Multiple* ; Gene Expression ; Humans* ; Interferons ; Up-Regulation*

Bladder dysfunction after radical rectal cancer surgery has been well known but there has not been sufficient objective data in Korea. We performed consecutive urodynamic study preoperatvely, postoperative tenth day and postoperativesixth month on 71 patients undergone radical rectal surgery. Compared with preoperative state. each urodynamic parameters changed significantly : maximal flow rate and average flow rate decreased ; voiding sense and residual urine volume increased ; bladder capacity, compliance and detrusor pressure decreased ; and maximal urethral pressure, functional urethral pressure and functional urethral length changed. All in all, we came out with the results that autonomic denervation was developed in 59 (83%) out of 71 in postoperative tenth day and 11 (28%) out of 39 in postoperative sixth month. Except for the residual urine volume and detrusor pressure, no significant recovery was observed in postoperative sixth month. Univariate analysis showed that sex, age, tumor size, distance from anal verge, stage, intraluminal tumor position and mode of operation had no significant influence on urodynamic parameters. However, the higher the stage, the more damages were found in multivariate analysis using logistic regression with correction of sex and age. Bladder dysfunction after rectal cancer operation is caused by partial autonomic denervation where urologic care is necessary, however as a whole, bladder dysfunction is considered to be a temporary change.
Autonomic Denervation ; Compliance ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neck* ; Rectal Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic ; Urinary Incontinence* ; Urodynamics

Epispadias is an extremely rare malformation that urethral opening is located on the dorsum of the penis. Depending upon its location epispadias is classified as balanic, penile, or penopubic, the latter being by far the most common condition. Most patients of epispadias will have severe urinary incontinence and vesicoureteral reflux. The objects of management in epispadias are to achieve continence, to facilitate normal sexual activity, and to preserve renal function. Recently we have experienced two cases of epispadias without incontinence.
Epispadias* ; Humans ; Male ; Penis ; Sexual Behavior ; Urinary Incontinence ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux

We retrospectively evaluated the 20 patients who underwent the Raz operation for stress urinary incontinence. In the degree of severity, 4 cases were in Stamey grade I, 14 cases in Stamey grade II and 2 cases in Stamey grade III. Posterior urethrovesical angle(PUVA) and Urethral inclination angle(ULA) on lateral cystourethrogram were measured preoperatively and postoperatively. Preoperative PUTA and ULA were increased as the grade was higher, but postoperative PUVA and ULA were returned to normal range. The overall success rate were 90% and complications were minima1. We think that Raz technique for stress urinary incontinence is safe, reliable and low morbidity procedure.
Humans ; Neck* ; Reference Values ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Incontinence*

Primary malignancies of the urethra are uncommon and prognosis is poor except in patients with disease that is limited to the anterior urethra. Urethral tumors in the male patient comprise less then one percent of all urologic malignancies. We experienced a case of malignant urethral tumor(transitional cell carcinoma). Herein we report this case with brief review of the literatures.
Humans ; Male* ; Prognosis ; Urethra