Objective? To explore the effects of nursing project management on reducing the incidence of red buttock in neonates. Methods? The data of 289 neonates hospitalized in Peking University Third Hospital between February and April 2018 were collected as the control group by convenient sampling. The causes of red buttock were identified, and targeted measured were developed for continuous quality improvement. Another 333 neonates hospitalized from June to August 2018 were selected as the treatment group, who received nursing care using the nursing project. The incidence rate of red buttock was compared between the two groups. Results? After the nursing project was implemented, the incidence rate of red buttock was reduced from 13.15%(38/289) in the control group to 4.50% (15/333) in the treatment group, and there was statistically significant difference between the two groups (P＜0.01). There was no III red buttock in the treatment group. Conclusions? The nursing project enables the nurses to have a better command of the knowledge about red buttock in neonates, empowers them to pay attention to and prevent red buttock in neonates, improves their standardized operations and level of expertise, enhances the neonates' comfort, and promotes the quality of nursing service in neonatal wards.