PURPOSE: The purpose of this methodological study was to examine the reliability and validity of a translated Korean version of the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) developed for assessment of pain in critically ill nonverbal patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional study design was used. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 202 critically ill patients admitted to a university hospital. Upon establishment of content and translation equivalence between the English and Korean version of CPOT, psychometric properties were evaluated. RESULTS: The interrater reliability was found to be acceptable with the weighted kappa coefficients of .81-.88. Significant high correlations between the CPOT and the Checklist of Nonverbal Pain Indicators were found indicating good concurrent validity (r=.72-.83, p<.001). Data showed the area under the ROC curve of 0.86 with a cut-off point of 1, which resulted in 76.9% sensitivity and 88.6% specificity. The mean score of CPOT during suctioning was significantly different from that of before (t=-14.16, p<.001) or 20 minutes after suctioning (t=16.31, p<.001). CONCLUSION: Results of this study suggest that the CPOT can be used as a reliable and valid measure to assess pain in critically ill nonverbal patients.
Adult ; *Critical Care ; Critical Illness ; Female ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Intubation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain Measurement/*statistics & numerical data ; Psychometrics ; ROC Curve ; Republic of Korea ; Respiration, Artificial ; Suction ; *Translating

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption on the incidence of colon cancer in adults with metabolic syndrome. Methods: This study employed a longitudinal study design and utilized secondary data drawn from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). The data of a sample of 2,327 adults with metabolic syndrome tracked every two years from 2001 to 2014 were used in this study. Statistical data analyses of the frequency, number of cases per 100,000 person-years, log-rank test, Kaplan-Meier curve, and Cox’s proportional hazards regression were performed using IBM SPSS statistics version 24. Results: During the observation period, the number of colon cancer cases was 46, and the total person-years were 252,444. The incidence of colon cancer was higher in current, over 10 pack-year smokers when compared to non-smokers (hazard ratio=3.38, 95% confidence interval=1.09~8.42). Conclusion Excessive and longterm smoking should be avoided to prevent colon cancer, especially in adults with metabolic syndrome, since it might exacerbate the risk factors of colon cancer. Particularly, health professionals need to provide individualized smoking cessation interventions to those at high risk of colon cancer.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption on the incidence of colon cancer in adults with metabolic syndrome.METHODS: This study employed a longitudinal study design and utilized secondary data drawn from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). The data of a sample of 2,327 adults with metabolic syndrome tracked every two years from 2001 to 2014 were used in this study. Statistical data analyses of the frequency, number of cases per 100,000 person-years, log-rank test, Kaplan-Meier curve, and Cox's proportional hazards regression were performed using IBM SPSS statistics version 24.RESULTS: During the observation period, the number of colon cancer cases was 46, and the total person-years were 252,444. The incidence of colon cancer was higher in current, over 10 pack-year smokers when compared to non-smokers (hazard ratio=3.38, 95% confidence interval=1.09~8.42).CONCLUSION: Excessive and long-term smoking should be avoided to prevent colon cancer, especially in adults with metabolic syndrome, since it might exacerbate the risk factors of colon cancer. Particularly, health professionals need to provide individualized smoking cessation interventions to those at high risk of colon cancer.
Adult ; Alcohol Drinking ; Cohort Studies ; Colon ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Epidemiology ; Genome ; Health Occupations ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Longitudinal Studies ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking Cessation ; Smoking ; Tobacco Products

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the Male Urinary Distress Inventory (MUDI) and Male Urinary Symptom Impact Questionnaire (MUSIQ). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A convenient sample of community-dwelling older men with urinary incontinence participated. A cross-sectional survey design was used for this study. A panel of experts completed the initial translation into Korean and back-translated the MUDI and MUSIQ. Upon establishment of the content and translation equivalence between English and Korean versions of the MUDI and MUSIQ, psychometric properties were evaluated for reliability, concurrent, and construct validity with a sample of 143 older men. RESULTS: The internal consistencies of both instruments were found to be acceptable, and Cronbach's coefficients were 0.88 for the MUDI-K and 0.92 for the MUSIQ-K. A significant moderate correlation between MUDI-K and MUSIQ-K was found in this study, indicating modest concurrent validity between these 2 instruments (r = 0.56, p < 0.001). For construct validity, the mean scores of the MUDI-K were significantly different for age, marital status, prostate surgery, erectile dysfunction, and depression (p < 0.05). The means scores of MUSIQ-K were significantly different for depression (p < 0.05) only. For both the MUDI-K and MUSIQ-K, 7 factors were extracted, accounting for 68.1% and 72.1% of the variance. CONCLUSION: Results of this study suggest that the MUDI-K and MUSIQ-K can be used as a reliable and valid measure of health-related quality of life in community- dwelling Korean older men with urinary incontinence.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Psychometrics/*standards ; Questionnaires/*standards ; Reproducibility of Results ; Translations ; Urinary Incontinence/*physiopathology/*psychology

PURPOSE: With a sample of cognitively impaired nursing home residents and nursing staff, the following were examined 1) the proportion and nature of aggressive behavior, 2) the frequency and types of aggressive behavior, 3) the difference between the residents who demonstrate aggressive behavior and those who do not demonstrate aggressive behavior (age, mental status, functional status, and pain, length of nursing home stay), and 4) nursing staff responses to aggressive behavior by residents. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used. Data were collected from cognitively impaired nursing home residents (N=205) and nursing staff (N=60) at two nursing homes using Ryden Aggression Scale I and II, Mini-Mental State Exam, Modified Barthel Index, Verbal Descriptor Scale, and aggressive behavior management questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics including t-test. RESULTS: About 62.9% residents were found to be aggressive and 38.5% were both physically and verbally aggressive. Pushing, making threatening gestures, hitting, slapping, cursing/obscene/vulgar languages, making verbal threats were occurred frequently. Aggressive residents were significantly older, had more cognitive impairment, had more pain, and stayed longer in the nursing home when compared with non-aggressive residents. Considerable proportion of nursing staff responded to aggressive behaviors inadequately. CONCLUSION: Aggressive behavior among cognitively impaired nursing home residents is prevalent thus needs to be prevented and reduced. Along with environmental modification, educational programs for nursing staff and family caregivers need to be developed and implemented so that they can have extensive knowledge and skills to manage aggressive behaviors.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Aggression/psychology ; Attitude of Health Personnel ; Case-Control Studies ; Clinical Competence/standards ; Cognition Disorders/*complications/nursing ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Education, Nursing, Continuing ; Female ; Geriatric Assessment ; Geriatric Nursing/education/organization & administration ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Humans ; Inservice Training ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; Mental Competency ; *Nursing Homes ; Nursing Staff/education/psychology ; Prevalence ; Psychomotor Agitation/epidemiology/*etiology/prevention & control/psychology ; Questionnaires ; Risk Factors

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to examine the amount of daily fluid intake among nursing home residents and to explore the caregiver's perceived barriers to elderly's fluid intake. METHOD: Data was collected from 111 nursing home residents and 64 caregiver's in 4 nursing homes. A random, non-consecutive three days of 24 hour fluid intake was measured and recorded. The caregiver's perceived barriers to elderly's fluid intake was assessed using a structured questionnaire. RESULTS: The average amount of daily fluid intake was 1,035(SD=359)ml with the range of 210ml to 2,050ml. About 52% (n=58) of the subjects had a less than adequate fluid intake. The amount of daily fluid intake was significantly associated with age, mental status, physical functioning, and the number of oral medications ordered. The most frequently mentioned caregiver's perceived barrier was elderly's concern about incontinence with increased fluid intake. CONCLUSION: Inadequate fluid intake among nursing home residents is prevalent. To enhance adequate hydration of nursing home residents, an institution wide nursing intervention is necessary.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Caregivers/*psychology ; *Drinking ; Female ; *Frail Elderly ; Humans ; Male ; *Nursing Homes ; Urinary Incontinence/psychology

PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study is to examine risk factors for unawareness of obstructive airflow limitation among adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. METHODS: Secondary data analysis was performed with the data from the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES; 2013–2014). The data were analyzed with the IBM SPSS 22.0 version using frequency, percentage, odds ratio, and logistic regression. RESULTS: Ninety-eight percent of subject with a pulmonary function test score of FEV1/FVC < 0.7 (N=833) did not recognize that their lung function was impaired. The heavy drink, absence of tuberculosis or asthma diagnosis, and no symptom of expelling phlegm were identified as major risk factors for unawareness of airflow limitation. CONCLUSION: In order to increase awareness of airflow limitation and to prevent the worsening of the condition, the pulmonary function screening test should be provided to community residents including those who do not show symptoms of respiratory illness.
Adult ; Asthma ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Lung ; Lung Diseases ; Mass Screening ; Nutrition Surveys ; Odds Ratio ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Risk Factors ; Statistics as Topic ; Tuberculosis

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop and establish the psychometric properties of a clinical nursing competency evaluation tool to be utilized by clinical preceptors. METHODS: The initial items were identified through in-depth literature review and field interviews based on a hybrid model. Content validation of the items was evaluated through three rounds of content validity testing. Participants were 34 clinical preceptors and 443 nursing students participating in clinical practice. Data were analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, convergence and discriminant validity, internal consistency and inter-rater reliability. RESULTS: The final scale consisted of 23 items and four factors, fundamental nursing skills performance, critical thinking skills based on the nursing process, basic nursing knowledge, and professional attitude; these factor explained 69.7% of the total variance. The analysis with multi-trait/multi-item matrix correlation coefficients yielded 100.0% and 95.7 % convergence and discriminant validity, respectively. Cronbach's alpha for the total items was .95. The four subscale model tested by confirmatory factor analysis was satisfactory. Inter-rater reliability ranged from .912 to .967. CONCLUSION: This scale was found to be a reliable and valid instrument that clinical preceptors can apply for evaluating the clinical nursing competency of nursing students in clinical settings.
Clinical Competence ; Humans ; Nursing Process ; Nursing* ; Psychometrics* ; Reproducibility of Results ; Students, Nursing ; Thinking

PURPOSE: The aims of this study are to provide a theoretical framework for improving the self-care of adults with severe hypertension and to examine the practical suitability of a middle-range theory of self-care for chronic illness by validating the structural model. METHODS: Data were collected at a university hospital in D metropolitan city from July 1 to August 14, 2015. A total of 224 Korean adult patients with severe hypertension were recruited. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0. RESULTS: The results show that the fit index of the hypothetical model meets the recommended level; 7 out of 8 hypothetical model paths were statistically significant. Motivation, self-efficacy, support from others, and accessibility to care showed statistical significance and explained 67.3% of the self-care process. The self-care process explained 45.3%, 63.6%, and 26.5% of quality of life, health, and illness stability, respectively. CONCLUSION: This model can be used as a theoretical framework for improving self-care among adult Korean patients with severe hypertension. Moreover, the practical suitability and validity of the middle-range theory of self-care for chronic illness is secured.
Adult* ; Chronic Disease* ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Models, Structural ; Motivation ; Nursing Theory ; Quality of Life ; Self Care*

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop the Self-Care Non-adherence Risk Assessment Scale (SCNRAS) for patients with chronic illness in South Korea. Methods: This study was conducted from April to July, 2020 and utilized a convenience sampling method to recruit 336 patients with chronic illness from three hospitals located in South Korea. The content, factorial structure, item-convergent/discriminant validity, convergent validity, internal consistency reliability, and test-retest reliability of the scale were evaluated. The data were analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Cronbach’s ⍺, and intra-class correlation coefficient. Results The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses yielded six-factors. Convergent validity was demonstrated using measures of defining issues. Internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability were found to be acceptable, as indicated by a Cronbach’s ⍺ of .65~.81 and an intra-class correlation coefficient of .93~.98. The Self-Care Non-adherence Risk Assessment Scale for patients with chronic illness is a new instrument that comprehensively measures the knowledge, skill, physical function status, access to health care, social support, motivation, and confidence. It comprises 18 items scored on a 5-point Likert scale. The validity and reliability of the scale were verified. Conclusion: The scale developed through this study is expected to screen those who need nursing intervention early by predicting the self-care non-adherence risk group.