Thyroglossal duct cysts (TGDC) are the most common type of congenital developmental anomaly encountered in the anterior midline of the neck in childhood. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of TGDC and identify any factors that could be related to recurrence after surgery. This study consisted of a retrospective chart review of 45 patients treated at Kyungpook National University Hospital for TGDC between 1990 and 2008. All records were reviewed for age and sex, length of history, presentation, diagnostic methods, sizes and locations of cyst, surgical management, histopathology of the lesion and recurrences. The statistical analysis of risk factors for recurrence was made using the Fisher's exact test with a significance level of p < 0.05. The male to female ratio was 2.2:1 with a male preponderance. The mean age at operation was 5 years and 2 months (4 months - 17 years). The most common presenting symptom was a nontender cervical mass (78%). Most TGDC were found in the midline position. Twenty four were infrahyoid, 17 were hyoid, and 4 were suprahyoid level. Forty one (91%) patients received the Sistrunk operation, and 4(9%) patients received cyst excision. Postoperative a seroma developed in six patients in the early postoperative days. There were a total of 3(6.6%) recurrences, 2 in patients who had excision only and in one patient who had the Sistrunk operation. Univariate analysis for risk factors with recurrence showed that there was no statistical relationship between the presence of preoperative infection and the development of recurrence. The removal of hyoid bone along with TGDC was a statistically significant risk factor for recurrent disease. This study suggests that the Sistrunk operation is the treatment of choice for TGDC in order to reduce recurrence.
Child ; Female ; Humans ; Hyoid Bone ; Male ; Neck ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Seroma ; Thyroglossal Cyst

The identification of the DNA structure as a doublestranded helix consisting of two nucleotide chain molecules was a milestone in modern molecular biology. The DNA chip technology is based on reverse hybridization that follows the principle of complementary binding of doublestranded DNA. DNA chip can be described as the deposition of defined nucleic acid sequences, probes, on a solid substrate to form a regular array of elements that are available for hybridization to complementary nucleic acids, targets. DNA chips based on cDNA clones, oligonucleotides and genomic clones have been developed for gene expression studies, genetic variation analysis and genomic changes associated with diseases including cancers and genetic diseases. DNA chips for gene expression profiling can be used for functional analysis in human cells and animal models, diseaserelated gene studies, assessment of gene therapy, assessment of genetically modified food, and research for drug discovery. DNA chips for genetic variation detection can beused for the detection of mutations or chromosomal abnormalities in cancers, drug resistances in cancer cells or pathogenic microbes, histocompatibility analysis for transplantation, individual identification for forensic medicine, and detection and discrimination of pathogenic microbes. The DNA chip will be generalized as a useful tool in clinical diagnostics in the near future. Labona chip and informatics will facilitate the development of a variety of DNA chips for diagnostic purposes.
Chromosome Aberrations ; Clone Cells ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; DNA* ; DNA, Complementary ; Drug Discovery ; Food, Genetically Modified ; Forensic Medicine ; Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Variation ; Histocompatibility ; Humans ; Informatics ; Models, Animal ; Molecular Biology ; Nucleic Acids ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis* ; Oligonucleotides

Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a soft tissue sarcoma that originates from smooth muscle cells. It is commonly found in the uterus but can occur throughout the body, including the retroperitoneal space, abdominal cavity, and any vascular structure. Although there are many case reports of uterine or vascular LMS metastasizing to the heart, cardiac metastasis from nonvisceral lesions has only been reported in two cases. Herein we report a rare case of a patient presenting metastatic LMS from the left flank in the right ventricle observed with echocardiography and enhanced computed tomography.

BACKGROUND: Oligonucleotide chip technology has proven to be a very useful tool in the rapid diagnosis of infectious disease. Rifampin resistance is considered as a useful marker of multidrug-resistance in tuberculosis. Mutations in the rpoB gene coding β subunit of RNA polymerase represent the main mechanism of rifampin resistance. The purpose of this study was to develop a diagnosis kit using oligonucleotide chip for the rapid and accurate detection of rifampin-resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. METHOD: Tle sequence specific probes for mutations in the rpoB gene were designed and spotted onto the glass slide, oligonucleotide chip. 38 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium were tested. A part of rpoB was amplified, labelled, and hybridized on the oligonucleotide chip with probes. Results were analyzed with a laser scanner. Direct sequencing was done to verify the results. RESULT: The low-density oligonucleotide chip designed to determine the specific mutations in the rpoB gene of M. tuberculosis accurately detected rifampin resistance associated with mutations in 28 clinical isolates. Mutations at codons 531, 526, and 513 were confirmed by direct sequencing analysis. CONCLUSION: Mutant detection using oligonucleotide chip technology is a reliable and useful diagnostic tool for the detection of multidrug-resistance in M. tuberculosis.
Clinical Coding ; Codon ; Communicable Diseases ; Diagnosis ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases ; Glass ; Mycobacterium ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Rifampin ; Tuberculosis*

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a theory on the gambling addiction process in adults who experienced domestic violence in childhood. Methods: Data were collected from 20 adults from May 1st to August 30th, 2020. Data were analyzed using grounded theory methodology as suggested by Strauss and Corbin. Results: The core category of this study was revealed to be ‘becoming addicted to gambling to avoid the physical and emotional pain caused by childhood domestic violence and be rewarded’. The core phenomenon was ‘struggle from pain’, which was derived from casual and contextual conditions: ‘ruthless physical violence’, ‘intolerable psychological pain’, and ‘bystand of violence’, ‘family addiction problem’. ‘parental immoral attitude’, The action and interaction strategies were ‘making money by any means’, and ‘gambling to forget the pain’. The intervening conditions affecting them were ‘a distorted view of money’, ‘resignation to helpless’, and ‘avoiding emotional distress’. The phases abbreviated through the produced process were the trauma phase, the avoidance phase, and the addiction phase. Conclusion Adults became addicted to gambling as a manifestation of distorted compensation mentality in an attempt to avoid the physical and emotional trauma of domestic violence in childhood.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a theory on the gambling addiction process in adults who experienced domestic violence in childhood. Methods: Data were collected from 20 adults from May 1st to August 30th, 2020. Data were analyzed using grounded theory methodology as suggested by Strauss and Corbin. Results: The core category of this study was revealed to be ‘becoming addicted to gambling to avoid the physical and emotional pain caused by childhood domestic violence and be rewarded’. The core phenomenon was ‘struggle from pain’, which was derived from casual and contextual conditions: ‘ruthless physical violence’, ‘intolerable psychological pain’, and ‘bystand of violence’, ‘family addiction problem’. ‘parental immoral attitude’, The action and interaction strategies were ‘making money by any means’, and ‘gambling to forget the pain’. The intervening conditions affecting them were ‘a distorted view of money’, ‘resignation to helpless’, and ‘avoiding emotional distress’. The phases abbreviated through the produced process were the trauma phase, the avoidance phase, and the addiction phase. Conclusion Adults became addicted to gambling as a manifestation of distorted compensation mentality in an attempt to avoid the physical and emotional trauma of domestic violence in childhood.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop a multi-disciplinary self-management intervention based on empowerment theory and to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention for older adults with chronic illness. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial design was used with 43 Korean older adults with chronic illness (Experimental group=22, Control group=21). The intervention consisted of two phases: (1) 8-week multi-disciplinary, team guided, group-based health education, exercise session, and individual empowerment counseling, (2) 16-week self-help group activities including weekly exercise and group discussion to maintain acquired self-management skills and problem-solving skills. Baseline, 8-week, and 24-week assessments measured health empowerment, exercise self-efficacy, physical activity, and physical function. RESULTS: Health empowerment, physical activity, and physical function in the experimental group increased significantly compared to the control group over time. Exercise self-efficacy significantly increased in experimental group over time but there was no significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The self-management program based on empowerment theory improved health empowerment, physical activity, and physical function in older adults. The study finding suggests that a health empowerment strategy may be an effective approach for older adults with multiple chronic illnesses in terms of achieving a sense of control over their chronic illness and actively engaging self-management.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Chronic Disease ; Exercise ; Female ; Health Education ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Activity ; *Power (Psychology) ; *Program Evaluation ; Self Care/*methods ; Self Efficacy

Stress induces degeneration of brain structures and functions. Particularly, hippocampus is sensitive to stressful stimulations. In the present study, the change of synaptic related molecules in the mouse dentate gyrus was examined with immunohistochemistry after restraint stress. We subjected mice to restraint stress for 6 h per day for 4 days. As a result, the number of Ki-67, a marker for proliferation, and doublecortin (DCX), a marker for neurogenesis, immunoreactive cells was decreased in the stress group. On the other hand, the intensity of calbindinD-28k, a marker of pre-existing granule cells, immunoreactivity was increased in the granule cell layer after 4 days restraint stress. As well as, the immunoreactivity of synaptic related molecules, postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95), growth association protein-43 (GAP-43) and beta-NADPH-d reactivity were increased in the inner molecular layer of dentate gyrus after 4 days restraint stress. In conclusion, this study shows that repeated restraint stress suppresses neurogenesis in dentate gyrus and strengthens synaptic plasticity of existing granule cells.
Animals ; Brain ; Dentate Gyrus* ; Hand ; Hippocampus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mice* ; Neurogenesis ; Plastics*

BACKGROUND: The resurgence of tuberculosis and the widespread emergence of multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis have emphasized the importance of rapid and accurate diagnostic procedures. Recently, the oligonucleotide chip has proven to be a useful tool in the rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases. The purpose of this study was to rapidly and accurately detect specific mutations in the rpoB, katG and rpsL genes associated with rifampin, isoniazid and streptomycin resistance in M. tuberculosis, respectively, using a single oligonucleotide chip. METHOD: For detection of drug-resistance, 7 wild-type and 13 mutant-type probes for rifampin, 2 wild-type and 3 mutant-type probes for isoniazid, and 2 wild-type and 2 mutant-type probes for streptomycin were designed and spotted onto glass slides. Fifty-five cultured samples of M. tuberculosis were amplified by PCR, and then underwent hybridization and scanning. Direct sequencing was done to verify the results from the oligonucleotide chip and to analyze the types of mutations. RESULT: Thirty-five cases out of 40 rifampin-resistant strains(~88%) had mutations in the rpoB gene. One case had a new mutation(D516F, GAC R TTC) and another known mutation together. Twenty cases out of 42 isoniazid-resistant strains(~50%) had mutations in the katG gene, while 7 cases out of 9 streptomycin-resistant strains(~78%) had mutations in the rpsL gene. From these results, the oligonucleotide chip was confirmed to be able to detect the most frequent mutations from the genes associated with rifampin, isoniazid and streptomycin resistance. The results proved that the drug-resistance detection probes were specific. When the results from the oligonucleotide chip and DNA sequencing were compared, the types of mutations were exactly matched. CONCLUSION: The diagnostic oligonucleotide chip with mutation specific probes for drug resistance is a very reliable and useful tool for the rapid and accurate diagnosis of drug resistance against rifampin, isoniazid and streptomycin in M. tuberculosis infections.
Communicable Diseases ; Diagnosis ; Drug Resistance ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Glass ; Isoniazid ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rifampin ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Streptomycin ; Tuberculosis

Mycobacterium abscessus (Mabc) is an emerging human pathogen. Less is known about the host immune response to Mabc than to M. tuberculosis. Here, we examined the intracellular signaling pathways that govern the expression of chemokines including (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) and (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 (CXCL2) in macrophages after infection with Mabc. Specifically, Mabc triggered the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the production of CCL2 and CXCL2 in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Mabc-induced CCL2, but not CXCL2, was dependent on the generation of ROS. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, MyD88, but not TRIF, was required for Mabc-induced CCL2 and CXCL2 expression. Additionally, Mabc infection significantly induced nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB nuclear translocation and luciferase activity. The activation of NF-kappaB was required for Mabc-induced CCL2, but not CXCL2 expression. Moreover, Mabc-induced ROS generation was required for NF-kappaB activation. Treatment of BMDMs with Mabc rapidly induced the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) pathways. Interestingly, CCL2 expression was dependent on the activation of JNK and ERK1/2 pathways, whereas it was negatively regulated by the p38 MAPK pathway. In contrast, Mabc-dependent CXCL2 expression was not regulated by MAPK pathways. These data suggest that intracellular ROS generation is required for innate and inflammatory responses during Mabc infection of macrophages.
Chemokines ; Humans ; Luciferases ; Macrophages ; Mycobacterium ; NF-kappa B ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Protein Kinases ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Toll-Like Receptors ; Tuberculosis