Background: The principle of treatment for a vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) tract is complete removal of the fistula tract and surrounding scar tissue, followed by anastomosis without tension from surrounding healthy tissue. We present our novel two-step procedure for VVF repair. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 12 women, aged 14 to 67 years, who were treated between 2011 and December 2018. Conservative treatments failed, as these patients had complex VVFs. This technique consisted of two steps: first, transurethral resection of the fistula tract and surrounding scar tissue; second, transvaginal repair of the bladder mucosa, bladder muscle, and vaginal mucosa with tensionless anastomosis. If an interposition flap was needed, we used a Martius flap. Results: The mean operation time was 186.3 minutes (range, 145–320 minutes), and the mean urethral catheter indwelling time was 10 days. Ten patients successfully underwent surgery through a transvaginal approach with no intraoperative or postoperative complications. However, one patient developed peritoneal perforation during transurethral resection of the fistula due to severe granulation tissue formation around the fistula, which prompted conversion to an abdominal approach. In two cases, we used a Martius flap because of the poor tissue condition due to previous radiation therapy and an inflammatory reaction. At a mean follow-up of 37 months (range, 16–51 months), no recurrence of VVF was observed in any patients. Conclusions This novel technique for transurethral VVF tract resection followed by transvaginal fistula repair was very safe and effective technique, and this straightforward technique is expected to reduce surgeons’ burden.

A 4-year-old Chihuahua dog was referred for bilateral corneal ulcers. Slightly raised white fluorescein-positive plaque-like corneal lesions in both eyes appeared as intense hyperreflective areas with posterior shadowing on optical coherence tomography (OCT). Based on corneal cytology and culture, candida albicans-induced fungal keratitis was diagnosed. Despite treatment, on OCT, endothelial plaques, increased stromal infiltration thickness, vertical shapes of the ulcer edge, and necrotic stromal space were judged to be aggravation of the disease, and surgery was performed. Conjunctival grafting surgery with topical 1% voriconazole effectively resolved fungal keratitis. OCT can provide detailed and objective information related to the disease prognosis.