To obtain a useful method for the identification of mycobacteria in tissue section, we evaluated 118 cases of tuberculosis: 48 pulm onary, 14 lymph nodal and 56 synovial tuberculosis. Seventy nine of these cases underwent the culture study. Sections stained with anti-Mycobacterium bovis were compared with the results of the Zieh1-Neelsen stain and culture. The immunohistochemical stain for Mycobacterium bovis in al examined cases was not any more sensitive than the Zieh1-Neelsen stain(p>0.05). Neverthless, the immunohistochemical stain was a useful method for the localization of mycobacteria because of the striking contrast between its background and the wider dimension of a positive area. Immunoreactive areas demonstrated a few intact mycobacteria showing a positive reaction in the Zieh1-Neelsen stain. In conclusion, double staining method using the immunohischemical stain for Mycobacterium bovis and the Zieh1-Neelsen stain is an efficient technique in oder to confirm the diagnosis of tuberculosis.

No abstract available.
C-Reactive Protein* ; Female ; Obstetric Labor, Premature* ; Pregnancy ; Tocolysis*

The present study is aimed to investigate the clinical and pathologic features of GI lymphomas and the immunocytochemical characteristics, using 71 cases of primary GI lymphomas examined at the Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Youngdong Serverance Hospital and Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine from January, 1976 to December, 1985. Results obtained were as follows: 1) Sixty eight cases were Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 3 Hodgkin's lymphoma. Surgical resection was done in 58 patients and surgical biopsy in 13. 2) The primary sites of the tumors were stomach, small intestine, ileocecal area and large intestine in a descending order of frequency. 3) The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 45 years. The tumor of the small intestine was generally detected in the younger age and that of the large intestine in the older age. The overall male to female ratio was 1.9 : 1. 4) Abdominal pain was the most common presenting symptom irrespective of the sites of the tumor. Duration of the symptoms were evenly distributed from hours to 12 monthes. 5) The size of the tumors was less than 10 cm in the largest dimension in most of the cases (79.3%). The gross types of the GI lymphomas were ulcerative (27.6%), polypoid (20.7%), multinodulated (17.2%) and diffuse thickening. The rate of lymph node involvement was 44.4% in tumors confined to the serosa, while 82.6% in tumors with serosal penetrations. 6) Classification of 68 cases of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma according to Working Formulation revealed 50 cases of intermediate grade, 13 cases of high grade and 5 cases of low grade. According to Rappaport classification, all were diffuse types, among which diffuse histiocytic type was the most common. According to Lukes-Collins classification, 60 cases were B cell types, 4 cases genuine histiocytes types and 3 cases T cell types. Most of the gastric and intestinal lymphomas belonged to the follicular center cell (small and large cleaved, large cleaved) types. 7) Immunoperoxidase stains were done in 55 cases of malignant lymphomas. Thirty (65.9%) of 47 B cell lymphomas revealed a positivity for B cell markers. Twenty three (48.9%) of them showed a monoclonality, in which kappa/IgG pattern was most frequently demonstrated. Four cases of true histiocytic lymphomas were positive for alpha-1-antichymotrypsin and lysozyme, the former of which was seemed to be a more sensitive marker for histiocytic differentiation. An attempt was made to evaluate the significance of the degree of reactive histiocytic infiltrates within the lymphoma in relation to the progosis, but correlation could not be made because of the limited cases.
Female ; Male ; Humans ; Biopsy

This study was undertaken to elucidate the short-term effect of iron on the hyperplastic lesions of experimental hepatocarcinogenesis. The Solt-Farber's resistant hepatocyte model was chosen for the experiment, and Sprague-Dawley rats wee divided into six groups: normal control, iron-rich diet administration with or without hydroxyquinoline. The iron content, microscopic changes, bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU) labelling index and the DNA polidy were studied. In the carcinogen administered group, oval cell proliferation and consecutive hyperplastic lesions of hepatocyte developed regardless of iron administration. The hepatic iron content was increased rimarkably by iron administration, but gradually decreased as the hyperplastic lesions developed in carcinogen administered groups. Although the administration of iron without carcinogen induced hepatic accumulation of stainable iron, the hyperplastic lesions appeared to be lack of it. BrdU labelling indices of the oval cells and the hyperplastic lesions of hepatocyte were very high and were not significantly altered by iron administration. Most liver cells had diploid or tetraploid DNA content, but there was an increase of diploidy as the development of hyperplastic lesions regardless of iron administration. The results indicate that the chemical carcinogen-induced hyperplastic lesions of hepatocyte do not accumulate iron, and that short-term iron administration does not affect the development of hyperplastic lesions and their proliferative activity and DNA ploidy.
Rats ; Animals ; Carcinogens

Neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma are derived from primordial neural crest cells and can be conceptualized as three different maturational manifestations of a common neoplasm. To assess the validity of immunohistochemistry and DNA Ploidy in the diagnosis of neuroblastic tumor in terms of prognostication, histologic and immunohistochemical evaluation with NB-84, neuron specific enolase(NSE) and S-100 protein and flow Cytometric DNA analysis were done on 21 neuroblastomas and 19 ganglioneuromas. Thirteen of 21 neuroblastomas were undifferentiated and 8 differentiating in type. Eleven of the 19 ganglioneuromas were mature in type and 8 had immature foci. Eighty one percent of neuroblastomas were positive for NB-84, 100% for NSE and 67% for S-100 protein, respectively. All ganglioneuromas were positive for NSE and S-100 protein, in contrast, only immature foci in ganglioneuroma were positive for NB-84. B-84 reacted positively with undifferentiated and differentiating neuroblasts including neuropil but not with mature ganglion cells. In contrast, NSE reacted positively with all components of neuroblastic tumor and S-100 protein mainly with cells of Schwannian differentiation. Three of eight(37.5%) differentiating neuroblastomas were strongly positive for NB-84 in contrast with seven of thirteen(53.8%) undifferentiated tumors, reflecting that undifferentiated cells tended to be positive for NB-84 in neuroblastoma. Twenty two percent of neuroblastoma showed diploidy and 78% aneuploidy including 11% of near-diploidy. Seven of eight(87.5%) differentiating neuroblastomas in contrast with seven of ten(70%) undifferentiated tumors showed aneuploidy. By contrast, 53% of ganglioneuroma showed diploidy and 47% aneuploidy with DNA index ranged from 1.12 to 1.19. Three of nine(33.3%) mature ganglioneuromas in contrast with five of eight(62.5%) ganglioneuromas with immature foci showed aneupolidy. Differentiating neuroblastoma tended to be aneuploid and ganglioneuroma with immature foci tended to be near-diploid. In conclusion, immunohistochemistry for NB-84, NSE and S-100 protein is useful for confirming neuronal, both neuronal and Schwannian, and Schwannian differentiation, respectively. Immunohistochemistry together with flow cytometric DNA analysis would be helpful to confirm the immature foci in ganglioneuroma.
Neuroblastoma

Thirty cases of rhabdomyosarcoma in patients under the age of 15 years were reviewed retrospectively to find out characteristics of histologic subtypes related to prognosis. Histologic diagnosis were embryonal in 21(70%), alveolar in 7(23%) and mixed type in 2(7%). Cellular anaplasia was noted in 6 cases. Round to polygonal cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasmic rim or globules were most characteristic cytologic feature or rhabdomyosarcomas, being followed by myofibrils. Myxoid and edematous stroma in embryonal type and alveolar pattern in alveolar type wee nost characteristic growth pattern. Immunohistochemically, tumors were positive for desmin, actin and myoglobin in 97%, 27%, and 40%, respectively. Consequently, characteristic cytologic features are important to differentiate rhabdomyosarcomas form other kinds of small round cell tumor and growth pattern is more critical in categorizing histologic subtypes. Desmin is far more useful than actin or myoglobin in the diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma.
Child ; Male ; Female ; Humans

BACKGROUND: Renal dysplasia is the abnormal development of the kidney. The condition is usually detected in childhood along with other urinary tract anomalies, but can remain unnoticed until adulthood. It was recently reported that a PAX2 gene mutation plays a major role in the development of renal dysplasia. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of PAX2 in dysplastic kidneys of children and adults. METHODS: A total of 30 cases diagnosed with renal dysplasia after a nephrectomy were examined. PAX2 expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Apoptosis was detected using an Apop Tag detection kit. RESULTS: In the dysplastic kidneys, there was strong PAX2 expression in the epithelia of the primitive ducts in both children and adults, but the degree was significantly lower in adults (p=0.007). However, the mesenchyme surrounding the primitive ducts of children showed stronger staining for the smooth muscle actin antibody and trichrome than the adults. The apoptosis index was significantly higher in the primitive duct epithelia than in the surrounding normal collecting duct epithelia (p=0.000). CONCLUSIONS: PAX2 is overexpressed in the primitive ducts of renal dysplasia, which is sustained until adulthood and is associated with increased apoptosis. However, a decrease in PAX2 expression in the dysplastic epithelia and mesenchymal cuff of adults suggest a gradual regression of the dysplastic elements with time.
Actins ; Adult ; Apoptosis ; Child ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kidney ; Mesoderm ; Muscle, Smooth ; Nephrectomy ; Urinary Tract

Five cases of ovarian serous borderline tumor associated with multiple peritoneal implants were analysed. The age of 5 patients ranged from 34 to 45(mean: 39) years at the time of diagnosis. Two patients presented with secondary infertility underwent hyperstimulation of the ovary under the in vitro fertilization program. One patient was presented with abdominal pain and the remaining two with lower abdominal mass accompanied by abdominal pain. Serous surface papilloma of borderline malignancy, involving one or both ovaries, was present in all 5 cases and papillary serous cystic tumor of borderline malignancy was associated simultaneously in one or both ovaries in all cases. Marked adhesions between the pelvic organs, and multiple granularities and nodularities of the omentum and peritoneum were noted. Microscopically, the peritoneal lesions were composed of noninvasive implants of tumor cells and pasmmoma bodies on the surface of entire pelvic and abdominal organs. Flow cytometric analysis of nuclear DNA content from paraffin-embedded tissue fo primary ovarian tumor classified as aneuploidy in 3 cases and as diploidy in 2 cases. The DNA index of the aneuploid tumors ranged from 1.21 to 1.37. Four patients underwent hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and partial omentectomy in which two were followed by chemotherapy and one case underwent bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.

A case of diffuse malignant mesothelioma of peritoneum which was difficult to distinguish from metastatic anaplastic carcinoma or malignant melanoma was presented. The patient was a 50 year-old woman and complained of an abdominal pain and ascites for 20 days. Histologically, the tumor cells showed highly anaplastic appearance with sheet-like arrangement without any papillary or tubular structure. They stained Positive for cytokeratin and vimentin and negative for CEA, S-100 protein and melanoma associated antigen. A few cells within the tumor showed Positive reactivity to desmin. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells had characteristic findings of mesothelioma such as long, exuberant, wavy microvilli with 10 to 12 of length/diameter ratio. The patient died 3 months after the diagnosis in spite of intraperitoneal chemotherapy.
Female ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis

It is common to administrate neostigmiae methylsulfate and atropiae aulfate to counteract the effect of nondepolarising neuromuscular blocker. In case of cardiovascular disease, the effect of bradycardia or tachycardia resultiag from the administration of these drugs may be harmful to the patient. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of combinatioa and method of administration of neostigmine methylsulfate and atropine sulfate on heart rate. One hundred and two patients in both sexes were devided into three groups(A, B, C), and each group was devided into three subgroups (AI, AII, AIII, BI, BII, BIII, CI, CII, CIII). In group A, neostigmine methylsulfate and atropine aulfate were mixed and administered intravenously within fifteen seconds. In group B, atropine eulfate was administered thirty seconds after the administration of neostigmine methylsulfate. In group C, the two drugs were mixed and administered over a period of five minutes. In subgroup I the ratio of neostigmine methyliulfate to atropine sulfate was 2: 1(0. 04 mg/kg: 0.02 mg/kg) in subgroup 3 the ratio was 3: 2(0.03 mg/kg: 0. 02 mg/kg), and in subgroup lll the ratio was 1: 1(0. 02 mg/kg: 0. 02 mg/kg). The heart rate was counted just before, 0. 5 minute, 1 miaute, l. 5 minutes, 2 minutes, 3 minutes, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 25 minutes, 30 minutes after the administration of the drugs. The results were as follows: 1) Initial increase in heart rate was significant in lager atropine ratio. 2) The later decrease in heart rate waa less in larger atropine ratio. 3) The maximal increases in heart rate in groap A and B appeared thirty seconds apart, but there was little difference betweea them. 4) The change ia heart rate was the least in group C.
Atropine* ; Bradycardia ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Neostigmine ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Tachycardia