Many authors have been reported that the abdominal trauma, especially injury of the liver and spleen, is frequently found with lower rib fractures, below the ninth rib fractures and the incidence was about 20 to 30%. In cases of rib fractures, Intra- abdominal organs may be injured in the higher rib fractures than the ninth because the diaphragm is elevated at the level of filth intercostal space in expiration period and the intra-abdominal lesions are often delayed evaluated due to the pain of the fractures and masked by the other injuries of the head and the extremities. So above reasons, we were often questioned what the level of rib fracture we must evaluate the intra-abdominal injury was? So we investigated 452 patients with rib fractures who visited our emergency medical center from 1995, January to 1996, December and divided into two groups according to the prescience of intra-abdominal organ injuries by each the level of rib fractures. The number of patients with intra-abdominal organ injuries were 75(16.6%) and the most frequently damaged organ was the liver(25 cases, 33.3%). We calculated the statistical values of each level of rib fractures by the Chi-Square method and got a result that the level of rib fracture we must evaluate the intra-abdominal injuries was the sixth rib fracture. Therefore, if we will meet the patients with rib fracture below the sixth, we must have attentions to the intra-abdominal injuries and evaluate the abdomen closely with various diagnostic methods.
Abdomen ; Attention ; Diaphragm ; Emergencies ; Extremities ; Head ; Humans ; Incidence ; Liver ; Masks ; Rib Fractures* ; Ribs* ; Spleen

PURPOSE & METHOD: The authors analyzed the morphology of upper eyelid of 480 normal eyes of medical college students, nurses, and officers in our hospital. RESULT: The height of eyelid fissure was 8.33 mm in right eye, 8.43 mm in left eye in men and 9.05 mm in right eye, 9.14 mm in left eye in women. Intercanthal distance was 36.96 mm in men and 36.52 mm in women. The length of palpebral fissure was 27.43 mm in right eye, 27.66 mm in left eye in men and 27.82 mm in right eye, 27.87 mm in left eye in women. The epicanthal fold was found in 15.0% of men and in 10.0% of women. Most frequent type of epicanthal fold was epicanthus tarsalis. The upper eyelid crease was found in 24.2% of total participants, and 16.7% in men and 31.7% in women. The levator function according to Berke's method was 13.46 mm in right eye, 13.43 mm in left eye in men and 13.74 mm in right eye, 13.67 mm in left eye in women. MRD1 was 2.39 mm in right eye, 2.42 mm in left eye in men and 2.70 mm in right eye, 2.65 mm in left eye in women. The MLD as similar values in the evaluation of levator function was 5.89 mm in right eye, 6.08 mm in left eye in men and 4.99 mm in right eye, 5.01 mm in left eye in women. CONCLUSION: In this study we could conclude that morphological values of eyelid and levator function were measured similarly to those in western people although values such as MRD1 was noted different. We suggest that our data were helpful to decision of the standard values of Korean adult and young people.
Adult* ; Eyelids* ; Female ; Humans ; Male

No abstract available.
Urticaria*

No abstract available.
Osteogenesis Imperfecta* ; Osteogenesis*

PURPOSE: We studied the diagnostic significance of bone scan in evaluation of bone metastasis by lung cancer, prevalence rate, and the causes of false positive bone scan and soft tissue accumulation of bone seeking agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subject included 73 lung cancer patients with bone scan. We analyzed the frequency of bone metastasis, its distribution and configuration, and any relationship between bone pain and corresponding region on bone scan. The positive findings of bone scan were compared with simple X-ray film, CT, MRI and other diagnostic modalities. The false positive bone scan and the soft tissue accumulation of bone seeking agent were analized. RESULTS: The positive findings on bone scan were noted in 26 cases(36%) and they were coexistant with bone pain in 30%. The correspondance between bone scan and bone X-ray was 38%. False positive bone scans were seen in 12 cases(16%), which include fracture due to thoracotomy and trauma, degenerative bone diseases, and bifid rib. Accumulation of bone seeking agent in soft tissue were seen in 13 cases(18%), which included primary tumor, enlarged cervical lymph node, pleural effusion, ascites and pleural thickening. CONCLUSION: Bone scans should be carefully interpreted in detecting bone metastasis in primary malignancy, because of the 16% false positivity and 18% soft tissue accumulation rate. It is very important to note that the correlation between bone pain and positive findings of bone scans was only 38%.
Ascites ; Bone Diseases ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Lymph Nodes ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pleural Effusion ; Prevalence ; Ribs ; Thoracotomy ; X-Ray Film

PURPOSE: We performed dynamic MR imaging using GdDTPA to find characteristic enhancement pattern of hepatic hemangioma distinguishing from hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS AND MATERIALS: 28 hepatic hemangiomas and 10 hepatocellular carcinomas were evaluated. Serial dynamic scans after Gd-DTPA(0.1mmol/kg) intravenous injection were obtained by using 0.5T machine and analyzed contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR) of the lesion and enhancement pattern on each scan. RESULTS: Hepatic hemangiomas had positive CNR from 1-2 minute images, and revealed typical "fill-in phenomenon" on early phase with prolonged enhancement in 26 cases(92.8%), and early homogeneous enhancement with isointensity on delayed phase in 2 cases(7.2%) of small hemangiome~ Hepatocellular carcinomas revealed inhomogeneous enhancement with hypointensity on delayed phase in 10 cases(100%) and 3 cases (30%) of capsular enhancement. CONCLUSION: Hepatic hemangioma can be easily distinguished from hepatocellular carcinoma by using Gd DTPA enhanced dynamic MR imaging according to its typical enhancement pattern of "fill-in phenomenon" and prolonged enhancement.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Diagnosis, Differential* ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Hemangioma* ; Injections, Intravenous ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

We attempted to compare the result of EDAP LT-01+ lithotripsy with Modulith SLX lithotripsy for management of urinary stones. We evaluated 1,544 patients (1,731 renal units) treated with EDAP LT-01+ ESWL (Group A) and 668 patients (707 renal units) treated with Modulith SLX ESWL (Group B). The results were obtained as follows; 1. Between the group A and B, stones were located in kidney (except staghorn calculi) in 666 cases (38.5%) and 160 cases (22.6%), in staghorn calculi in 31 cases (1.8%) and 13 cases (1.8%), in ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) in 65 cases (3.8%) and 19 cases (2.7%), in upper ureter in 469 cases (27.0%) and 200 cases (28.3%), in lower ureter in 491 cases (28.4%) and 271 cases (38.3%) and in bladder in 9 cases (0.5%) and 10 cases (1.4%), respectively. 2. Success rates according to stone size were 99.4% and 99.6% in less than 1 cm:, 97.5% and 97.2% in 1 cm2 to 2 cm2, 92.4% and 91.3% in 2 cm2 to 3 cm2 and 82.2% and 78.1% more than 3 cm2 respectively in the group A and B. There. was no statistically significant difference between two groups (,p>0.05). 3. Success rates ccording to stone location were 98.8% and 100% in renal stone (except staghorn calculi) , 83.9% and 84.6% in staghorn calculi,92.3% and 94.7% in UPJ stone, 97.7% and 98.5% in upper ureteral stone, 98.4% and 98.6% in lower ureteral stone and 66.7% and 30% in bladder respectively in the group A and B. There was no statistically significant difference between two groups (p>0.05). 4. Average shock wave sessions and time (min.) were 4.0 and 1.8 and 42.1 and 28.6 respectively in the group A and B. These differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). 5. Complications were gross hematuria (>=3 days) in 1.6% and 10.7%, steinstrasse in 5.1% and 12.5%, fever (>=38 degree C) in 2.1% and 2.3% and perirenal hematoma in 0% and 0.7% respectively in the group A and B. We concluded that success rates according to location and size of urinary stone were similar between two groups. But, treatment time of the group B was significantly shorter than that of the group A. Treatment sessions of the group B were decreased compared with the group A. Gross hematuria and steinstrasse were occurred significantly more in the group B compared to the group A (p<0.05).
Calculi ; Fever ; Hematoma ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Kidney ; Lithotripsy* ; Shock ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Calculi*

We report herein three cases of subcutaneous sarcoidosis without apparent internal lesion. The patients had multiple subcutaneous nodules on the extremities and abdomen. Hyper-gammaglobulinemia, a relative increase of T suppressor cells, and increased serum angiotensin converting enzyme level and skin anergy were observed. Histopathologic findings revealed sarcoidal granulomas involving the subcutaneous fat tissue. The lesions of two cases resolved spontaneously and the other one case required systemic corticosteroid therapy.
Abdomen ; Extremities ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; Sarcoidosis* ; Skin ; Subcutaneous Fat

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested that regular exercise may increase bone mineral density. However, the effects on bone mineral density are different depending on the types of exercises and recent studies on the effects of different exercises on bone mineral density are insufficient. This study was conducted to assess the effects of 2 different exercises(Judo, Taekwondo) and physical fitness(back muscle strength, grip strength, broad jump, vertical jump, flexibility, sit ups) on regional BMD. METHODS: Subjects were healthy adults female volunteers aged 19 to 22 years and consisted of eight Judo athletes, twelve Taekwondo athletes, and eight nonathletic controls. We measured their bone mineral density of lumbar spine, femoral neck, femoral greater trochanter, Wards triangle, femoral shaft and distal radius using dual energy X ray absorptiometry and assessed their physical fitness. We investigated the mean differences of regional bone mineral density between the groups and the relationships between physical fitness and regional bone mineral density. RESULTS: ANCOVA revealed that there were significant differences in the regional bone mineral density between the groups. The Judo athletes group had significantly higher bone density of greater trochanter, femoral shaft, distal radius, femoral neck and lumbar spine than the control group and had significantly higher bone density of greater trochanter, femoral shaft and distal radius.than the Taekwondo atheletes group. There were no significant differences of bone density in all the regions between the Taekwondo atheletes and the control groups. Partial correlation coefficients between the back muscle strength and the bone density of Wards triangle, greater trochanter, distal radius, femoral neck, femoral shaft, and lumbar were 0.581, 0.570, 0.526, 0.502, 0.424, and 0.418, Respectively (P<0.05). Correlation coefficients between the broad jump and the bone density of femoral neck, greater trochanter, and femoral shaft were 0.577, 0.539, and 0.457, respectively(P<0.05). Correlations of the grip strength, flexibility, sit ups and vertical jump with bone density of all regions were not high(r< or=0.5). CONCLUSIONS: Different types of exercises showed different effects of bone density. The back muscle strength among the physical fitness factors was considered to be the most important predictor of bone density. In the future, further studies are necessary for the effects of other exercises on bone density.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Adult ; Athletes* ; Back Muscles ; Bone Density* ; Exercise* ; Female* ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Martial Arts ; Muscle Strength ; Physical Fitness ; Pliability ; Radius ; Spine ; Volunteers ; Young Adult*

Dupuytren's contracture is characterized by a proliferative fibroplasia and contracture of the palmar fascia with resultant deformity of hand and finger. It is most common in those of Scandinavian and Celtic origin but it is very rare in the orientals. We experienced 30 hands of 21 patients from January 1985 to December 1995 in Soonchunhyang University Hospital. Among 21 patients, operative treatment was done in 28 hands of 19 patients. Partial fasciectomy was done in 24 hands and complete fasciectomy was done in 4 hands. The longitudinal straight skin incision was done in 14 cases and the transverse or Zig-Zag incision was done in 12 cases. Average follow-up period was 24 months. The results of the operative treatment were classified by Honner's classification. Excellent result was obtained in 16 cases (57%), good in 8 (29%), fair in 3 (11%), poor in 1 (3%). The complications were 5 cases as follows; recurrence 2, skin defect 1, hypoesthesia 2. In conclusion, partial fasciectomy utilizing longitudinal straight incisions overlying diseased area is suggested as one of the good method for the treatment of Dupuytren s contracture.
Classification ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Contracture ; Dupuytren Contracture* ; Fascia ; Fingers ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hand ; Humans ; Hypesthesia ; Recurrence ; Skin