Mass screening of cardiomegaly by chest X-ray in 144,021 (male 55,491, female 88,530) students of primary, middle and high school (6~17 years of age) in Seoul was performed and electrocardiograms of 217 cases of cardiomegaly were studied. The results were as follows; 1) Cardiomegaly (cardiothoracic ratio over 0.5) was seen in 0.19% of each sex and it was higher in middle and high school ages (12~17 years) than primary school ages (6~11 years). 2) Incidences of abnormal electrocardiogram in cardiomegaly were 59.5% in male and 54.7% of female students. Major abnormal electrocardiograms in cardiomegaly were right ventricular hypertrophy (24.8%), left ventricular hypertrophy (11.6%), biventricular hypertrophy(4.8%), complete right bundle branch block (7.7%), incomplete right bundle branch block (8.7%), first degree A-V block (5.8%) and premature beat (4.3%). 3) Left ventficular hypertrophy was seen most frequently in high school ages (15~17 years) and decreased with decreasing age. Right ventricular hypertropy was seen most frequently in primary school ages (9~11 years) and decreased with increasing age. Biventricular hypertrophy was seen most frequently in primary school ages (6~8 years) and decreased with increasing age. 4) Complete and incomplete right vundle branch block were seen commonly in 12~17 years of age and first degree A-V block in 9~11 years of age.
Female ; Male ; Humans ; Incidence

BACKGROUND: Respiratory depression with high dose of propofol during induction is one of the major complications. We studied the effects of midazolam as premedicant on frequency and duration of apnea and frequency of loss of consciousness in relation to single dose of propofol. METHODS: We selected 194 adult patients who had clear consciousness and no depression of respiration. We allocated patients randomly to control group and midazolam group. In midazolam group, we injected 0.06mg/kg of midazolam intravenously 10min before induction, and in control group, we did nothing. Under mask oxygenation with 100% oxygen, we administered a bolus of propofol (1, 1.5, 2 mg/kg to subgroup 1, 2, 3 respectively) intravenously. The change of respiration and loss of consciousness were observed. RESULTS: The frequency and duration of apnea increased with the dose of propofol in both control and midazolam group. But there were no difference between groups except frequency of apnea with 1.5 mg/kg of propofol. In control group, frequency of loss of consciousness increased with the increasing dose of propofol. But in midazolam group, nearly all the patients was slept without difference by the dose. CONCLUSIONS: Premedication with midazolam reduce the sleeping dose of propofol to induce anesthesia, so the frequency and duration of apnea which is caused by high dose of propofol can be decreased.
Adult ; Anesthesia ; Apnea* ; Consciousness ; Depression ; Humans ; Masks ; Midazolam* ; Oxygen ; Premedication ; Propofol* ; Respiration ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Unconsciousness*

A case of pigmented villondular synovitis is reported in a 32 years old woman, who exhibited bulbulous supra-patellar bulging with dull pain on the right knee joint. Aspiration yielded thick purplish brown effusion from the knee joint and roentgenologically negative. Synovectomy through two seperate para-patellar incision were carried out, and no recurrence of symptom was demonstrable in 2 years post-operative follow-up. A brief summary of literatures is Submitted.
Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Recurrence ; Synovitis ; Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular

It is well known that the medullary carcinoma of the breast is one of the special types of breast carcinoma with a good prognosis. At present, the medullary carcinoma of the breast is subclassified into 3 types: typical medullary, atypical medullary and nonmedullary carcinoma. Among them, the former has the best prognosis. We reviewed the film mammographic and ultrasonomammographic findings of 13 patients according to the reevaluated histopathologic diagnosis. Typical medullary carcinoma shows a well circumscribed mass with surrounding halo on film mammogram, and well defined mass with central intermediate echogenicity and peripheral low echogenicity and posterior acoustic enhancement on ultrasonomammogram. Atypical medullary carcinoma shows relatively well circumscribed mass with partial marginal obliteration on film mammogram, and irregular bordered mass with inhomogeneous echogenicity due to focal necrosis in the mass and associated findings of thick boundary, asymetrical lateral shadowing on ultrasonomammogram. Nonmedullary carcinoma shows lobulated mass with surrounding parenchymal distortion and skin thickening on film mammogram, and relatively well defined lobulating mass with surrounding parenchymal distortion and marked heterogeneous internal echogenicity on ultrasonomammogram. Therefore, differentiation between typical medullary carcinoma with good prognosis and atypical medulary or nonmedullary carcinoma with poor prognosis, may be possible by various diagnostic imaging modalities preoperatively. But further collective study shall be needed in near future.
Acoustics ; Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Medullary* ; Classification* ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Humans ; Necrosis ; Prognosis ; Shadowing (Histology) ; Skin

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Cytomegalovirus Infections* ; Cytomegalovirus* ; HIV Infections* ; HIV* ; Humans

PURPOSE: To improve treatment modality and results by analysis of clinical characteristics. local control, survival and resurrence rate in limited stage small cell lung cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS : 26 patients with limited stage small cell lung cancer were treated with combined radiation and chemotherapy from Feb. 1986 to Dec. 1992 at the National Medical Center. We followed up on 21 patients (81%) , who were mostly irradiated with 4,000-5,000cGy (75% of all patients) in the results by the analysis retrospectively. Survival rate was evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Mean survival of irradiated patients with limited small cell lung cancer was 12 months. 1-year and 2-year survival rate were 65.3% and 15.4%. Tumor response rate and median survival after combined chemotherapy and irradiation were the following ; 50% and 15 months of complete response, and 23% and 11 months of partial response respectively. Response rates by radiation dose were 66% for below 4,000cGy. 69% for between 4,000-5,000cGy and 86% for above 5,000cGy. 21 of all patients showed treatment failure(81%), which as appeared 9 of local failure.9 of distant failure and 3 of local and distant failure. CONCLUSION: Local response rate after induction chemotherapy alone in limited stage of small cell lung cancer was 54%. Furthermore it was increased to 73% after adding of radiation. We have to increase radiation dose above 5,000cGy and need to try new effective chemotherapy agents for the improvement of local control and survival rate and also will try concurrent chemoradiotherapy in near time.
Chemoradiotherapy ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Induction Chemotherapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma* ; Survival Rate*

We investigated the 1,004 workers who worked in a automobile factory to study the epidemiologic characterist of dermatoses due to cutting oils. Among the workers, 667(66.4%) answered the questionnaire. They are belong to 5 departments of the factory-the Engine-Work(86), Power train Assembly(17). We measured the oil mist concentration in air of the departments and examined the workers who had dermatologic symptoms. The results were follows; 1) Oil mist concentration; Of all measured points(52), 9 points(17.2%) exceeded 5mg/m3-the time-weighed PEL- and one department had a upper confidence limit(95%) higher than 5mg/m3. 2) Dermatologists examined 213 workers. 172 of them complained any skin symptoms at that time-itching(32.5%), papule(21.6%), scale(15.7%), vesicle(12.5%) in order. The abnormal skin site found by dermatologist were palm(29.3%), finger & nail(24.6%), forearm(16.2%), back of hand(8.4%) in order. 3) As the result of physical examination, we found that 160 workers had skin diseases. Contact dermatitis was the most common; 69 workers had contact dermatitis alone(43.1%), 11 had contact dermatitis with acne(6.9%), 10 had contact dermatitis with folliculitis(6.3%), 1 had contact dermatitis with acne & folliculitis, and 1 had contact dermatitis with abnormal pigmentation. Others were folliculitis(9 workers, 5.6%), acne(8, 5.0%), folliculitis & acne(2, 1.2%), keratosis(1, 0.6%), abnormal pigmentation(1, 0.6%), and non-specific hand eczema(47, 29.3%). 4) The prevalence of any skin diseases was 34.0 per 100 in cutting oil users, and 13.3 per 100 in non-users. Especially, the prevalence of contact dermatitis was 23.0 per 100 in cutting oil users and 4.3 per 100 in non-users. 5) We tried patch test(standard series, oil series, organic solvents) on 49 patients to differentiate allergic contact dermatitis from irritant contact dermatitis and found 20 were positive. 6) In a multivariate analysis(independent=age, tenure, kinds of cutting oil), the risk of skin diseases was higher in the water-based cutting oil user and both oil user than non-user or neat oil user(odds ratio were 2.16 and 2.78, respectively). And the risk of contact dermatitis was much higher at the same groups(odds ratio were 5.16 and 6.82, respectively).
Acne Vulgaris ; Automobiles ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact ; Dermatitis, Contact ; Fingers ; Folliculitis ; Hand ; Humans ; Oils ; Physical Examination ; Pigmentation ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Skin ; Skin Diseases

No abstract available.
Erythrocytes*

BACKGROUND: Tracheal intubation commonly results in sympathetic stimulation manifested by increased heart rate and arterial blood pressure. This study was carried out to determine whether lightwand would result in less hemodynamic changes than direct laryngoscopy. METHODS: With informed consent, fourty healthy female patients scheduled of elective surgical procedures were randomly allocated into two groups; lightwand (LW) or direct laryngoscopy (DL) group. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded upon arrival. Under a standardized anesthetic technique, the patients were intubated either with no. 3 curved blade direct laryngoscopy (DL group) or with lightwand (LW group). The MAP and HR were recorded before intubation and every 1 minutes following intubaion. Time to intubation (TTI) was also recorded. All patients were intubated by a same fourth grade resident. RESULTS: Fourty patients were studied. Every intubation was successed in first attempt. The TTI was significantly shorter in LW group. Even while there was no significant difference in HR changes, there was significant difference in the increase of MAP following intubation. The increase of MAP was significantly greater with DL than with LW. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that lightwand intubation requires shorter TTI and may give rise to less blood pressure change than direct laryngoscopy. So we found no difference in disadvantage and may offers advantage in terms of hemodynamic stability.
Arterial Pressure* ; Blood Pressure ; Female ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal* ; Laryngoscopy* ; Surgical Procedures, Elective