No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Actinomycosis*

BACKGROUND: Scabies outbreaks have been reported in long-term care facilities, but less commonly in acute care facilities. We experienced an outbreak of scabies that occurred in neurosurgery-intensive care unit of a general hospital, Seoul, Korea. METHODS: An outbreak of scabies was noticed on September 2006 when hospital staffs of NICU were diagnosed with scabies. The infection control nurse reviewed medical records and interviewed all of patient in NICU and health care workers. The epidemic spread of scabies from a patient to other patient, hospital employees and their families and associates was identified from historical, clinical, and microbiologic skin preparation data. RESULTS: Forty-three NICU patients and 22 health care workers were investigated. Five scabies cases were identified in total of 42 cases who are exposed to index case with attack rate of 11.9%. The attack rate of scabies in health care workers and NICU patients were 10% and 13.6%, respectively. Tertiary cases also occurred among the family members of workers, with a tertiary attack rate of 44%. CONCLUSION: The patient of acute care facilities also have chances of being exposed to scabies outbreak, since sensorimotor deficits or cognitive disorders make it difficult for individuals to communicate and understand the implication of risky contacts.
Delivery of Health Care ; Disease Outbreaks ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Long-Term Care ; Medical Records ; Scabies ; Skin

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between the satisfaction with clinical practice and clinical performance ability by types of self-directed learning ability of nursing students. METHODS: This was a triangular study that was conducted to understand clinical performance ability. The subjects were 260 junior and senior students from a university in P city. The data were collected from April 22 to December 30, 2015. Data were collected by Q-card, Q-block an assessment tool, a structured self-reporting survey and a questionnaire. RESULTS: We classified the self-directed learning abilities into four types: Type 1: a self-reflective person; Type 2: a person who prepares for the future; Type 3: a person with a sense of responsibility and obligation; and Type 4: an enthusiastic learner. We found that clinical performance ability was higher for Type 4 than Type 3. We found that clinical performance satisfaction with clinical practice was also higher for the Type 4 individual than a Type 3 person. CONCLUSION: To improve students' clinical performance ability, we need plans and support to lead students toward becoming an ‘enthusiastic learner’ type of person with self-directed learning ability. It is necessary to increase students' satisfaction with clinical practice.
Clinical Competence* ; Humans ; Learning* ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing*

PURPOSE: To present a surgical result of Yokoyama procedure in myopic strabismus fixus. CASE SUMMARY: A 51-year-old female patient presented with progressive esotropia and diplopia. According to the Krimsky test, the patient showed 70 prism diopter esotropia and 30 prism diopter hypotropia in her left eye. The axial length was 34.97 mm in the right eye and 33.71 mm in the left eye. The patient was diagnosed with myopic strabismus fixus. The authors performed the Yokoyama procedure on her left eye. Surgical examination revealed each medial rectus muscle was recessed. Half of the muscle bellies of the superior and lateral rectus muscles were sutured together without muscle splitting 15 mm posterior from their insertion. At 1 year postoperatively, the patient showed 30 prism diopter esotropia and 20 prism diopter hypotropia in her right eye by alternative prism cover test. The authors performed the same procedure on her right eye. At 2 months after the second surgery, the patient showed orthotropia in the primary position and gaze limitation was improved. CONCLUSIONS: The Yokoyama procedure can be an effective method for improving deviation and ocular motility in esotropia caused by high myopia.
Diplopia ; Esotropia ; Eye ; Female ; Humans ; Muscles ; Myopia ; Strabismus

PURPOSE: The present study reviews the clinical features of orbital cellulitis in childhood for early diagnosis and proper treatment. METHODS: The authors performed a retrospective study by computed tomography (CT) on children under 14 years of age diagnosed with orbital cellulitis and admitted to Pusan National University Hospital from 2003 to 2010. RESULTS: In total, 27 patients were identified (range 4 months to 14 years). Periorbital swelling was the most common initiating symptom, followed by fever and conjunctival injection. Paranasal sinus disease was the most common predisposing factor. Preseptal cellulitis was the most common finding, followed by subperiosteal abscess, orbital cellulitis, and orbital abscess. All patients underwent a blood culture; none were positive. Intravenous antibiotics therapy was performed empirically and was effective in all cases. No patients suffered from permanent complications except recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Orbital cellulitis in children presents with periorbital swelling, fever, conjunctival injection in association with sinusitis, and upper respiratory infection (URI). A CT study is a reliable diagnostic option for the early detection and localization in the pediatric orbital cellulitis. Early empirical antibiotic therapy is mandatory for successful treatment.
Abscess ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cellulitis ; Child ; Early Diagnosis ; Fever ; Humans ; Orbit ; Orbital Cellulitis ; Paranasal Sinus Diseases ; Retrospective Studies ; Sinusitis

PURPOSE: This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of intravaginal pelvic floor electrical stimulation (FES) therapy on bladder irritability symptoms in stress urinary incontinent women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The evaluation before and after treatment included the Blaivas's female Bladder Questionnaire, the quality of life questionnaires and the overall satisfaction with present voiding state using visual analogue test (VAT). All patient were treated for 20 minutes, twice a week for 6 weeks, using a new intravaginal electrical stimulator with microchip (PIC16C74). RESULTS: After the FES therapy, the overall success rate of the SUI was 50.4.% at 9 months. The bladder irritability symptoms such as frequency, nocturia, urgency, residual urine sensation and lower abdominal discomfort were improved. In particular, the symptoms of frequency, urge incontinence, dysuria were significantly improved after the FES therapy at 9 months. The VAT score of the overall satisfaction with the present voiding state was significantly lower after the FES therapy. 73.7% of patients were satisfied with the FES therapy and complications such as hemorrhage, vaginitis, urinary tract infection and pain were not encountered. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that FES therapy with microchip improves some bladder irritability in SUI women. Therefore, electrical stimulation therapy should be considered as a first line therapy in SUI women with bladder irritability symptoms.
Dysuria ; Electric Stimulation Therapy* ; Electric Stimulation* ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Nocturia ; Pelvic Floor ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sensation ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Incontinence, Urge ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Vaginitis

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to adapt the standardized evidence-based nursing protocol using the IPC (intermittent pneumatic compression) intervention to prevent venous thromboembolism in surgical patients. Further, an investigation was done to measure knowledge on prevention of venous thromboembolism, surrogate incidence of venous thromboembolism and to assess IPC compliance in the study patients compared with those in surgical patients who underwent IPC intervention due to previous clinical experience. METHODS: An analysis was done of the nine modules suggested by National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency (NECA) in the adaptation manual of the clinical practice guideline for protocol adaptation. A nonequivalent control group post test design as a quasi-experiment was used to verify the effect of the IPC protocol. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in knowledge of prevention of venous thromboembolism, IPC application time after intervention and the number of IPC applications between the experimental group (n=50) using the IPC nursing protocol and the control group (n=49). However, the symptoms of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism were not observed in either the experimental group or the control group after the intervention. CONCLUSION: Results confirm that the standardized IPC nursing protocol provides effective intervention to prevent venous thromboembolism in surgical patients.
Compliance ; Evidence-Based Nursing ; Evidence-Based Practice ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Devices ; Nursing Assessment* ; Nursing* ; Pulmonary Embolism ; Venous Thromboembolism* ; Venous Thrombosis

BACKGROUND: A and B transferase are glycosyltransferase that transfer N-acetylgalactosamine and D-galactose to H antigen, respectively and lead to the expression of A and B phenotypes in ABO blood group system. Reduced or no activities of serum A and B transferase were observed in some A and B subgroup individuals. Determining the activities of serum A and B transferase can be useful in discriminating rare A and B subgroups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: ABO typing, saliva test, adsorption elution test and serum transferase assay were performed on samples from 12 individuals showing ABO discrepancy or weakened cell typing reactions which were referred to the Seoul National University Hospital to confirm their ABO blood types. Serum transferase activity was assayed by determining the ability of serum to convert group O RBCs into A or B cells. RESULTS: Determination of serum ABO transferase activity was useful in the identification of Ael (3 cases), B3 (2 cases), Bm (1 case), Am (1 case), Bx (1 case), O with weakened anti-A or anti-B (3 cases), and A without anti-B due to hypogammaglobulinemia (1 case). CONCLUSION: Determining serum A and B glycosyltransferase activity was proven to be a simple and useful tool for the classification of several ABO subgroups.
ABO Blood-Group System ; Adsorption ; Agammaglobulinemia ; B-Lymphocytes ; Classification* ; Galactose ; Phenotype ; Saliva ; Seoul ; Transferases

Purpose: To report a case of ischemic optic neuropathy caused by iron deficiency anemia (IDA) accompanied by ethambutol-induced toxic optic neuropathy.Case summary: A 64-year-old female patient presented with declining visual acuity. Four months prior, she had been taking ethambutol daily for tuberculosis. Corrected visual acuity was 0.3 in both eyes and a central visual field defect was revealed in visual field tests. In the color vision test, the right eye scored three and the left eye scored two. Ethambutol was stopped immediately under suspicion of toxic optic neuropathy; however, the corrected visual acuity gradually worsened to 0.05 in the right eye and the finger count was 50 cm in the left eye. The patient’s blood test showed signs of IDA. After 5 months of IDA treatment, the blood test results returned to the normal range and corrected visual acuity improved to 0.5 in both eyes. However, focal atrophy of the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer was observed, requiring close monitoring of optical coherence tomography findings. Conclusions Ischemic optic neuropathy due to IDA may occur in a short period of time and may be difficult to diagnose if accompanied by ethambutol-induced toxic optic neuropathy. In the case of patients with progressive vision loss, prompt diagnosis and careful monitoring in follow-up evaluations are required.