No abstract available.
Constriction, Pathologic* ; Diagnosis*

PURPOSE: The correlation between sonographic findings and clinical symptoms was investigated in the patients with mesenteric lymphadenitis who had recurrent acute abdomen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-eight children with recurrent acute abdominal pain without obvious primary disease were evaluated by sonography. The initial and follow-up sonography were performed in 17 children. The abdomen was divided into 3 areas. The number and size of mesenteric lymph nodes were observed in each zone, and was compared with the clinical findings. RESULTS: In 56(71.8%) of 78 cases, good correlation was seen in the area of the greatest size and number of the lymph nodes in the sonography. Most severe symptom, was seen in the right lumbar area(49 cases) and umbilical area(7 cases). In 17 cases of follow up, 14 cases showed decrease size and number of mesenteric lymph nodes while 2 cases showed increase in size and number of the nodes with aggravated symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasonography was useful to detect and localize the enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes. Initial and follow-up sonography showed good correlation between the changes in number and size of the lymph nodes and symptoms.
Abdomen ; Abdomen, Acute* ; Abdominal Pain ; Child* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Mesenteric Lymphadenitis* ; Ultrasonography*

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess the status of infection control during influenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was conducted in November 2009 at the 100 hospitals designated by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) as influenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009-treatment institutions. RESULTS: In 32.3% of the hospitals, the ventilation system of the influenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009 isolation ward was separated from the hospital's ventilation system. With regard to wearing personal protective equipment while caring for patients with H1N1 infection, during usual patient contact, masks were always worn by all medical staff at all the hospitals; however, medical staff at 38.7% and 51.6% of the hospitals did not wear gloves and gowns, respectively. During aerosol-generating procedures, some medical staff wore surgical masks, whereas medical staff at 10% and 23.3% of the hospitals did not wear gowns and protective goggles, respectively. In all, 64.5% of the hospitals responded that the contents of the guidelines established by the KCDC were insufficient for reference purposes in actual practice. CONCLUSION: Some of influenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009-treatment institutions are believed to be inadequate in facilities, infection control during patient treatment, and administrative measures among their efforts to prevent transmission in hospital. In preparation against the outbreak of similar diseases in the future, the government needs to establish guidelines highly applicable by medical staff, to secure exclusive spaces and personnel for treating infectious disease patients, and to develop personal protective gear support and management systems.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Communicable Diseases ; Delivery of Health Care ; Eye Protective Devices ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Influenza, Human ; Korea ; Masks ; Medical Staff ; Pandemics ; Ventilation ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: Coagulase negative staphylococcus (CNS) spp. is a major pathogenic organism of nosocomial and community-acquired urianry tract infections, and causes infrctions in the immunocompromised host, and in particular, bloodstream infetions in patent with indwelling devices. High prevalance of methicillin resistance has been noticed in CNS which also have been recongnized as an important multidrug resistant pathogen. The optimal phenotypic method for detecting methicillin resistance still remains controversial, and new guidelines for detecting methicillin resistance of CNS was proposed by NCCLS in January 1999. We evaluated the relationship between mecA gene by PCR method and antimicrobial susceptibility tests according to the new NCCLS guidelines. METHODS: A total of 82 CNS isolates were examined for MICs and penicillin MICs by disk diffusion and agar dilution method according to NCCLS guidelines, and detections, and detection of mecA gene by PCR. RESULT: In disk diffusion method, 66 strains (80.5%) and 63 strains (76.8%) showed resistance to penicillin and oxacillin, respectively, and in agar dilution method, 71 strains(86.6%) and 53 strains (64.6%), respectively. In PCR method, mecA genes were detected in 49 strains(59.8%). Comparing with mecA gene detection by PCR method, the sensitivity of disk diffusion and agar dilution method was 95.8% and 89.8%, repectively. However, the sensitivity of disk diffusion and agar dilution method was 65.3% and 75.5%, respectively using previous NCCLS criteria. CONCLUSION: The new criteria of NCCLS detects the methicillin resistance induced by mecA gene more sensitively than previous one.
Agar ; Coagulase* ; Diffusion ; Immunocompromised Host ; Methicillin Resistance ; Oxacillin ; Penicillins ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Staphylococcus*

BACKGROUND: HLA-B40 is the most frequently identified HLA-B type in Koreans. Also HLA-B60 and B61 are the serologic split antigens of HLA-B40. But because of the lack of mono-specific alloantisera, cross reactivity of sera used as typing reagents, and poor antigenicity of some specific cells such as cord blood lymphocytes, discrimination between HLA-B60 and B61 has been often problematic in laboratories. In this study, authors evaluated whether the PCR-SSP method can be useful for accurate assignments of HLA-B60 and B61 or not. METHODS: Twenty-nine lymphocytes samples which were suspected as heterozygotes or homozygotes of HLA-B60 or B61 and three samples typed as HLA-B40 are selected from stored cord blood and organ transplantation donors. HLA types of these samples were defined by serologic method using a commercial typing kit. PCR that amplified exons 2 and 3 of the HLA-B gene using sequence specific primer pairs exactly matched to HLA-B60 or B61 allele making up a serological specificity was done. RESULTS: A clear discrimination between B60 and B61 was possible in all samples including 9 serologically ambiguous samples. Discrepancy between serologic typing and molecular typing was seen in three cases identified serologically as B40 positive but inable to define a split. Among three samples, two were identified as HLA-B61 and one was identified as HLA-B60. CONCLUSIONS: Molecular typing was useful in discriminating between HLA-B60 and B61. The PCR-SSP method for HLA-B60 and B61 including other cross-reactive HLA types will be helpful as a supplemental method of the serologic typing.
Alleles ; Discrimination (Psychology)* ; Exons ; Fetal Blood ; Heterozygote ; HLA-B Antigens ; HLA-B40 Antigen ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Indicators and Reagents ; Lymphocytes ; Molecular Typing ; Organ Transplantation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants

Clear cell sarcoma is a rare malignant rumor of the kidney which occurs in children and is differentiated from Wilms' tumor by its different clinicopathologic features and natural history. Previous studies indicate that this tumor may be of mesenchymal cell origin; however, this has not been proven conclusively. Further accumulation and study need to be conducted in order to clarify the histogenesis of this tumor. We report two cases of clear cell sarcoma of the kidney which occurred in a 2 and a half-year old and a 2-year old boy. This report places special emphasis on the clinicopathologic characteristics of these two cases including electron microscopic and immunohistochemical findings. Attempts were also made to differentiate the clinicopathologic aspects of clear cell sarcoma from Wilms' tumor and speculate on the histogenesis of this rumor.
Child ; Male ; Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Choriocarcinoma* ; Female ; Ovary* ; Pregnancy

No abstract available.
Gastroschisis* ; Hernia, Umbilical*

PURPOSE: Piccolo et al. advocated the usefulness of Tc-99m-MDP breast scan in differential diagnosis of breast mass with high accuracy. But there are little or no follow-up studies about it as we know. We studied Tc-99m-MDP uptake pattern and lesions/background ratio in patients complaining palpable breast lesions to evaluate the clinical usefulness of Tc-99m-MDP scan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total 34 patients were studied with physical examination, mammogram and Tc-99m-MDP scan prospectively. Anteroposterior and both lateral view of breast were obtained 5 minutes after iv injection of 740 MBq Tc-99m-MDP. Breast uptake pattern of Tc-99m-MDP was analyzed by a grade system: 0=no uptake, grade 1=bilateral diffuse uptake, grade 2=asymmetric faint uptake, grade 3=focal hot uptake. 20 cases were pathologically confirmed by excision biopsy or aspiration biopsy. 14 cases were normal in physical examination and mammo-grain. RESULTS: Pathologic results showed 7 carcinomas, 6 benign solid tumors, and 7 fibrocystic changes. Grade 3 pattern of Tc-99m-MDP uptake was noted in 4/7 carcinomas, 3/6 benign solid tumors, and 1/7 fibrocystic changes. Grade 2 pattern was 2/7, 0/7, 3/7 respectively. The average L/B ratio was 1.66 in carcinomas, 1.68 in benign solid masses, 1.20 in fibrocystic diseases, 1.05 in normal patients. L/B ratio was higher in carcinoma and benign mass groups than in fibrocystic change and normal control groups(p=0.005). But there was no statistical difference between L/B ratio of malignant mass group and benign mass group. CONCLUSION: Tc-99m-MDP scan is not suitable to routine clinical use for breast mass diagnosis. It might be used in limited conditions when whole body bone scan is planned.
Biopsy ; Biopsy, Needle ; Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mammography ; Physical Examination ; Prospective Studies ; Technetium Tc 99m Medronate*

Adenosis tumor is a ra re tumor of the breast and primarily consists of adenosis. Authors report a case of surgically proved adenosis tumor in a 31-year-old woman. Mammogram showed a Iobulated, well-circumscribed mass with several surrounding radiolucent halos. In the center of the mass several linear radiolucent densities were seen with the appearance of a conglomerated well-circumscribed mass such as fibroadenoma. These linear radiolucent densities were consistent with the fat between the fibrous sclerosis in pathologic specimen. Ultrasonogram showed a well-circumscribed mass with homogeneous low echogenicity, partial posterior enhancement, and bilateral acoustic shadowings.
Acoustics ; Adult ; Breast* ; Female ; Fibroadenoma ; Humans ; Sclerosis ; Shadowing (Histology) ; Ultrasonography