Sexually transmitted diseases(STD) are quite common and observed more frequently in teens. The adolescents represent a group at particular risk for STD due to biological, sociocultural and psychological factors. Undetected infections may lead to unwanted sequelae, including pelvic inflammatory disease, chronic abdominal pain, tubal scarring and increased risk of ectopic pregnancy. Recently, the guidelines for the treatment of sexually transmitted disease have been developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) after consultation to a group of professionals in Atlanta during September 26~28, 2000 and published on May 10, 2002. This paper deals with the modified and simplified guidelines for STD for primary general practitions referring recommendation and reports of CDC.
Abdominal Pain ; Adolescent ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Cicatrix ; Female ; Humans ; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic ; Psychology ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases*

No abstract available.
Female* ; Humans ; Psychology*

No Abstract Available.
Surgical Procedures, Minor*

PURPOSE: This study was to investigate the relationship between mastery and activity of daily life in rheumatoid arthritis patients. METHOD: The subjects for this study were 222 patients registered in H University Hospital Rheumatoid Arthritis Center, and the period of data collection was from August 15, 2003 to September 30, 2003. Reliability coefficients of instruments were found Cronbach's Alpha =.74~.94. In data analysis, SPSSWIN 10.0 program was utilized for descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression analysis. RESULT: The results were as follows. 1) The range of total uncertainty scores was from 33 to 87 and the mean score of the uncertainty in rheumatoid arthritis patients was 63.27. 2) The range of total mastery scores was from 10 to 27 and the mean score of the mastery in rheumatoid arthritis patients was 18.70. 3) The range of total activity of daily life scores was from 22 to 80 and the mean score of the activity of daily life in rheumatoid arthritis patients was 72.56. 4) The level of mastery was significant correlation with activity of daily life(r=.395, p<.01).
Arthritis, Rheumatoid* ; Data Collection ; Humans ; Statistics as Topic ; Uncertainty

No abstract available.
Humans ; Siblings* ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux*

No abstract available.
Tooth, Artificial*

This study was designed to identify the relationship between the perceived burden that is felt by family caregivers of hemodialysis patients and the quality of life of these caregivers. The subjects for this study were 102 family caregivers of patients who received hemodialysis regularly in the hemodialysis units of 4 hospitals located in Chonbuk. The data was collected during the period from February 17 to March 28, 1997 through interviews and by distributing a structured questionnaire to family caregivers through hemodialysis patients, and by mail service. The instruments used for this study are as follows : The burden instrument was the Burden Questionnaire developed by Lee Sook-Ja by referring to the Burden Scale developed by Novak & Guest(1989) and Zarit et al.(1980). The quality of life instrument was the Andrews' Scale that was treanslated and proof-read by Jeong Chu-Ja and partially amended by the author of this study. The collected data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, ANOVA, the Scheff test, Pearson's correlation and Stepwise Multiple Regression using the SAS PC+ program. The results of this study are as follow : 1. Hypothesis 1 : "The higher the perceived burden, the lower the quality of life of family caregivers of hemodialysis patients" was supported(r=-0.463, p=.000). 2. Hypothesis 2 : "The burden of family caregivers of hemodialysis patients will differ depending on the demographic characteristics of hemodialysis patients and family caregivers" was partially supported-age of family caregiver(F=3.04, p=.020), educational level of family caregiver(F=3.81, p=.012), marital status of family caregiver(F=5.82, p=.004), relationship with hemodialysis patient(F=2.74, p=.016), sex of hemodialysis patient(F=6.79, p=.010). 3. Hypothesis 3 : "The quality of life family caregivers of hemodialysis patients will differ depending on the demographic characteristics of hemodialysis patients and family caregivers" was partially supported-age of family caregiver(F=2.82, p=.029), educational level of family caregiver(F=4.64, p=.004), marital status of family caregiver(F=6.62, p=.002), monthly total income of family(F=5.61, p=.001), age of hemodialysis patient (F=3.42, p=.011), occupation change of hemodialysis patient(F=3.54, p=.032). 4. Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis indicated that the six variables-the perceived burden of family caregiver, monthly total income of family, religion of family caregiver, occupation of family caregiver, marital status of hemodialysis patient, education level of family caregiver-were significantly predictive of the quality of life of family caregivers of hemodialysis patients. The six variables explained 41.7% of the variance in quality of life. In conclusion, this study revealed that the perceived burden is an important factor related to the quality of life of family caregivers of hemodialysis patients. Therefore, nurses must recognize family caregivers as well as hemodialysis patients as important care receivers and incorporate an intervening plan that reduces the burden and promotes the quality of life, taking into account the demographic characteristics of hemodialysis patients and their family caregivers.
Caregivers* ; Education ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do ; Marital Status ; Occupations ; Postal Service ; Quality of Life* ; Renal Dialysis* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: Adults with GH deficiency(GHD) have abnormal body composition, reduced physical performance, altered lipid metabolism, increased cardiovascular diseases, and reduced quality of life. Administration of GH to these patients reduce clinical abnormalities to normal ranges. Therefore, patients with childhood-onset GHD might need to continue GH replacement after the attainment of final height. Recently studies have shown that a high proportion of patients with childhood-onset GHD are no longer GHD when retested at young adult. METHODS: GH secretion was reevaluated with insulin and clonidine after completion of GH treatment in 29 young adult patients(21.3+/-2.8 yrs, 17 men, 12 women) with childhood-onset GHD diagnosed at a mean age of 11.4+/-3.5 yr. The mean duration of GH treatment was 3.7+/-3.0 yrs. Eleven(11 men) with idiopathic patients presented in 2(18%) isolated GHD and 9(82%) in multiple pituitary hormonal deficiencies. Eighteen(6 men, 12 women) with organic patients presented in 4(22%) isolated GHD and 14(88%) in multiple pituitary hormomal deficiencies, which was caused from craniopharyngioma, germinoma & other lesions. Blood sampling were done as usual method for checking LH, FSH and TSH concentration after injection of gonadotropin releasing hormone & thyrotropin releasing hormone. Serum cortisol levels were also checked after insulin injection and all hormonal concentrations were measured with radioimmunoassay method. Total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein(LDL)-cholesterol concentrations were measured by standard techniques. Bone density was measured in the level of lumbar spine and femur with DEXA. M-mode, two-dimensional and pulsed Doppler echocardiographic studies were performed. Quality of life was assessed from Beck depression inventory questionnaire with age-matched control. RESULTS: All patients with idiopathic and organic GHD were confirmed as GHD through combined pituitary function retesting at young adult. The additional pituitary hormonal deficiencies were increased in numbers. Their total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were increased especially in patients with organic GHD. There were no specific abnormal findings in echocardiographic findings compared to normal reference. Bone density with DEXA showed osteopenia(T score <-1) was found in 20/24(83%) and osteoporosis(T score <-2.5) in 8/24(33%) in young adult GHD. Quality of life was evaluated with BDI questionnaire and showed mild depression in 32% and moderate to severe depression in 11%. CONCLUSION: 82% of patients with idiopathic and 88% of organic GHD have additional pituitary hormonal deficiencies in childhood, showing multiple pituitary hormonal deficiencies rather than isolated GHD and has GHD permanently in all young adults with idiopathic and organic GHD and that is a little different findings from other foreign reports and needs to follow up in future.
Adult ; Body Composition ; Bone Density ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cholesterol ; Clonidine ; Craniopharyngioma ; Depression ; Echocardiography ; Femur ; Germinoma ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; Insulin ; Lipid Metabolism ; Lipoproteins ; Male ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Radioimmunoassay ; Reference Values ; Spine ; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Triglycerides ; Young Adult*

No abstract available.
Rectal Neoplasms*

Contact Dermatitis due to cosmetics is also common in Korea. as in other developed countries. However. detection of the causative antigens is in a difficult situation due to many reasons. We have routinely patch tested with Japanese cosmetic series patch test allergens, Types 17 and 18 in addition to Hollister standard battery and patients own cosmetics to 4Q cases of suspected cosmetic contact dermatitis who have visited our Environmental and Occupational Clinic during the past one year. The study result was as follows. Total 55% ositive reaction related to cosmetics was observed in 4p patch tested patients. 2 The most frequently observed antigens were hydroxycitronellal, benzyl saliylate and cinnamic alcohol.
Allergens ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Dermatitis, Contact* ; Developed Countries ; Humans ; Korea ; Patch Tests*