The author observed clinical study and response of -interferon treatment of 43 cases of chronic hepatitis who were admitted to Department of Pediatrics Pusan National University College of Medicine during the period of 4 year 6 months from Jenuary, 1988 to Jun, 1992. The results were as follows: 1) Of 43 patients with chronic hepatitis, CPH was 17 cases (39.5%) and CAH was 26 cases (60.5%). 2) Of 43 patients, chronic hepatitis caused by HBV was 37 cases (86.0%) 2 cases were by Wilson's disease, 1 case was by glycogen storage disease and in the 3 cases, the cause was undetermined and CPH by HBV and CAH were 14 cases (82.4%), 23 cases (88.5%) respectively. 3) A peak frequency (46.5%) of chronic hepatitis occurred between 6 to age and male predominated in a propotion of 3.5:1. 4) On the clinical manifestation, jaundice and hepatomegaly was higher frequency on CAH than on CPH. 5) On the laboratory findings, CAH had higher serum ALT and direct bilirubin level than CPH. 6) On effect of -interferon treatment for patients of CAH, serum ALT and AST levels normalized in 81.8% of patients, negative conversion of HBeAg was 38.5%, Anti-HBe serocoversion was 7.7%, negative conversion of HBsAg was 7.7% and the clearnce of HBV-DNA from seum showed 60.0%. 7) The HBeAg seroconversion (28.6%) on children of HBsAg(+) mother showed lower reponse than HBeAg seroconversion (50.0%) of HBsAg(-) mother after -interferon treatment for patients of CAH.
Bilirubin ; Busan ; Child* ; Glycogen Storage Disease ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis B, Chronic* ; Hepatitis, Chronic* ; Hepatolenticular Degeneration ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Jaundice ; Male ; Mothers ; Pediatrics

No abstract available.
Addison Disease*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial*

Background: In this study, the bleaching effect and surface damage of two types of over-the-counter home tooth bleaching agents were explored using an in vitro study of bleaching agents applied to bovine teeth specimens for 14 days. Methods: Domestic over-the-counter home tooth bleaching agents of gel and patch form that shared common active ingredients and manufacturers were selected and tested. The experiment specimens were made using composite resin with bovine tooth samples and then measured the initial microhardness. Specimens were then divided into a Gel group and a Patch group and underwent bleaching treatment once a day for two weeks for 30 to 60 minutes (recommended) or 7 hours. All specimens were coffee-stained prior to bleaching. The bleaching effect was measured using a spectrophotometer and surface damage was measured using a microhardness meter. Results: The difference in color following the bleaching procedure was positive in both the Gel and Patch group, although there were no statistically significant differences in bleaching effect between groups. There was no significant difference in bleaching effect based on duration. The microhardness test revealed that both the Gel group and the Patch group had surface damage after bleaching. The greatest surface damage was found in the Patch group that had undergone a 7-hour bleaching treatment, although the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion The bleaching effect of the home tooth bleaching agent was visible to the naked eye. However, longer applications than recommended did not result in greater bleaching, unlike consumers’ expectations, and instead increased the chance of enamel damage. As such, there is a need for consumers to be alert and adhere to recommendations provided by each company.

Background: Swallowing function deterioration is a common problem experienced by older adults worldwide. Many studies have been conducted to improve swallowing function in older adults; however, due to differences in intervention methods and study designs, it is difficult to draw a common conclusion. This study aimed to analyze trends and intervention methods in studies of swallowing function intervention for older adults conducted from 2010 to 2022, to establish a systematic approach for developing interventions to improve swallowing function in older adults and to provide evidence for this approach. Methods: Literature research was conducted for studies published between 2010 and 2022 that applied to swallow function interventions to adults aged 60 years or older. Databases including PubMed, Medline, RISS, Science On, KISS, and KCI were used. From a total of 1,164 articles searched using keywords, 20 articles were selected for final analysis. Results: The number of published articles steadily increased over time, and the intervention period was most commonly 6 or 8 weeks. The types of interventions included focused exercises to improve oral muscle strength in 12 articles and programs incorporating education, practice, and expert management in 8 articles. Among the focused exercises, tongue-strengthening exercises were most common in 4 articles. The evaluation variables for intervention effects were muscle strength evaluation, oral function evaluation, quality of life, and oral health and hygiene status. Muscle strength and oral function evaluations were statistically significant in focused exercise interventions, while the quality of life and oral health and hygiene status was significant in program interventions. Conclusion This literature review is meaningful as a study that can be used to select the intervention period and program contents when planning an elderly swallowing intervention program.

PURPOSE: Endothelin-1 is the most potent vasoconstrictor. This study was investigated the correlation of plasma endothelin-1 and pulmonary hypertension associated with congenital heart defect. METHODS: We evaluated the concentration of ET-1 in 24 cases of congenital heart disease diagnosed at the Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University, from December 1993 to September 1994. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to mean pulmonary arterial pressure: Pulmonary artery hypertension group(Group I) and normal pulmonary artery pressure group(Group II). Between 2 groups, there was no statistical significance in mean age, sex and oxygen saturation. GroupI included 9 patients of VSD and 1 patient of COA. Group II included 9 patients of VSD, 3 patients of TOF and 1 patient of PS, 1 patient of PS with DORV. RESULTS: The results were summarized as follows; 1) The mean pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio (Qp/Qs), pulmonary vascular resistance in GroupIwere significantly higher than those in Group II. 2) The plasma concentrations of ET-1 in GroupI was significantly higher than those in Group II. 3) But there were no statistical significance between the concentrations of ET-1 and the mean pulmonary artery pressure, Qp/QS, pulmonary vascular resistnace. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, plasma ET-1 concentraions were elevated in patients with pulmonary hypertension associated with congenital heart defects.
Arterial Pressure ; Busan ; Endothelin-1* ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertension, Pulmonary* ; Oxygen ; Pediatrics ; Plasma* ; Pulmonary Artery ; Vascular Resistance

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is an uncommon disorder of the stomach, small bowel, and colon, characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the gut wall and peripheral blood eosinophilia. The clinical features depend on the site of eosinophilic infiltration. Patients with eosinophilic gastroenteritis may develop an exudative ascites containing eosinophils. We experienced a case of eosinophilic gastroenteritis in a 9 year old boy who had abdominal distension, vomiting, peripheral eosinophilia, eosinophilic ascites, and marked infiltration o f eosinophils in intestinal ans subserosal layers. He received prednisone (2mg/kg/day) for 10 days. No evidence of side effect were found during the period of treatment and, at now, symptom-free state are maintained without eosinophilia or any evidence of relapse.
Ascites ; Child* ; Colon ; Eosinophilia ; Eosinophils* ; Gastroenteritis* ; Humans ; Male ; Prednisone ; Recurrence ; Stomach ; Vomiting

We experienced a case of G deletion syndrome II in a 8 year and 1 month old boy. He showed mental retardation, microcephaly, high arched palate, low set malformed ears, epicanthal fold, thoracic deformity, tracheomegaly and two lumens of esophagus. Chromosomal study showed the deletion of long arm of chromosome 22, kariotypically he was depicted as 46, XY, 22q-. A brief review of literature was also presented.
Arm ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Ear ; Esophagus ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intellectual Disability ; Male ; Microcephaly ; Palate

Hepatoblastoma is an uncommon malignant tumor of the liver in children, moreover its intracaval extension to the right atrium is extremely rare. Current data indicate that combined hepatectomy and resection of intraatrial extension is necessary for cure. However 40% of the patients present with tumor that would make primary complete resection impossible or extremely hazardous. In these case preoperative chemotherapy is recommanded. We recently experienced a rare case of hepatoblastoma which metastasized to lung and to right atrium via inferior vena cava. We report this case with brief review of literature.
Child ; Drug Therapy ; Heart Atria ; Hepatectomy ; Hepatoblastoma ; Humans ; Liver ; Lung ; Vena Cava, Inferior