To know the correlation between glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesion and to define the characteristics of interstitial inflammatory cell in IgA nephropathy and classified according to WHO classification and graded tubulointerstitial lesion as mild, moderate and severe. Paraffin-embedded 5u sections were stained with UCHL-l, L26 and CD68 antibodies. More than 20 fields were examined in each case under the high power microscopy and the number of positive cells were counted. There was positive correlation between the severity of glomerular and that of tubulointerstitial lesion. The mostcommoninflammatory cells in the interstitiuin were UCHL-l positive cells followed by CD68 and L26 positive cells. As the WHO grade or tubulointerstitial lesion increased, the numbers of positive cells were increased in all three groups. The proportion of UCHL-1 Positive cells were increased in cases with high WHO grade whereas that of L26 positive cells incases with severe tubulointerstitial lesion Proteinuria was correlated with the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration, especially with that of L26 positive cells.

Pigmented(melanotic) schwannoma is a very rare variant of schwannoma that characteristically has massive cytoplasmic melanin. Since it was described in 1946 by Bjorneboe, about 44 cases have been reported in the English literature. It has a relatively benign clinical course, but the cases arising in the cranial nerve and sympathetic chain show aggressive behavior with malignant potential. We herein report a typical case of pigmented schwannoma with light microscopic findings. The results of immunohistochemical and electronmicroscopic study are also presented. The patient was a 30 year-old Korean male who had a mass in his posterior neck for 10 years that recently.began to induce neurologic manifestations. The tumor, which was mainly in the extramedullary intradural space of the cervical canal extending to the extradural space and soft tissues of the neck, was relatively well defined and composed of black solid tissue. Microscopic, densely pigmented spindle cells forming fascicles, nuclear palisading, whorling and polygonal cells with vacuolated or clear cytoplasm were characteristic. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for vimentin, S-100 protein, and HMB-45. Electron microscopic study revealed that the tumor cells have interdigitating cytoplasmic processes containing varying stages of melanosomes with a very focal basal lamina and Luse body like collagen bundles.
Male ; Humans

Leukocytes, when subjected to phagocytic, immunologic or chemical stimuli, are known to exhibit a sequence of morphological and biochemical events which lead to the production of H₂, O₂, O₂⁻, and even OH as well as the secretion of various lysosomal lytic enzymes into the extracellular environments. It was been proposed that some antiinflammatory drugs may exert their therapeutic effects by inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species or by abrogating the effects of reactive oxygen species ontissue components. In the present study, effects of various quenchers and antiinflammatory drugs were observed on the changes of viscosity of hyaluronate and collagen gelation by oxygen radicals generated by xanthine and xanthine oxidase. Quenching effects of antiinflammatory drugs on reactive oxygen species were also observed with gas chromatography. 1. Decrease of viscosity of hyaluronate and inhibition of collagen gelation by xanthine and xanthine oxidase were inhibited by various quenchers. 2. Several oxygen radical quenchers and antiinflammatory drugs did not affect viscosity of hyaluronate and collagen gelation. 3. Reactive ouygen species generated by xanthine and xanthine oxidase affected both viscosity of hyaluronate and collagen gelation with similar pattem. Therefore, in this study quenching effects of antiinflammatory drugs on reactive oxygen species have been examined by observing viscosity changes of hyaluronate. Sodium salicylate, acetylsalicylic acid, indomethacin and hydrocortisone affected viscosity changes of hyalumnate by xanthine and xanthine oxidase. The pattem of inhibition of hyaluronate degradation by these drugs were comparable to the inhibition produced by OH scavengers and singlet oxygen quencher. 4. To danonstrate the generation of OH ethylene was determined from methional incubated with xanthine and xanthine oxidase according to gas chromatography method. Xanthine and xanthine oxidase produced ethylene fmm methional and the production was inhibited by antiinflammatory drugs. The result obtained in this study suggest that action of antiinflammatory drugs may, to some event, be attributed to their ability to intercept reactive oxygen species in addition to inhibition of synthesis of prostaglandin.
Aspirin ; Chromatography, Gas ; Collagen ; Hydrocortisone ; Indomethacin ; Leukocytes ; Methods ; Oxygen ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Singlet Oxygen ; Sodium Salicylate ; Therapeutic Uses ; Viscosity ; Xanthine ; Xanthine Oxidase

Dietary nitrate supplementation from green leafy vegetables and beetroot is involved in the ‘nitratenitrite- nitric oxide (NO) pathway’ and is reported to have important vascular impacts. This study evaluated the blood parameters and blood flow change subsequent to a raw juice diet program. The 28 subjects who voluntarily participated in the raw juice diet program at Sahmyook University were instructed to drink the juice composed of fruits and vegetables instead of partaking the usual meal, at a scheduled time daily. The study was approved by the research ethics council of the Sahmyook University (SYUIRB 2014-043). Evaluation of the participants after the required duration revealed decreased levels of soft lean mass (P＜0.05), skeletal muscle mass (P＜0.001), body fat mass (P＜0.001), body mass index (P＜0.001) and circulating levels of total cholesterol (P＜0.001), triglycerides (P＜0.05), HDL-cholesterol (P＜0.01), LDL-cholesterol (P＜0.01), and blood urea nitrogen (P＜0.001). Conversely, circulating levels of creatinine (P＜0.001), hemoglobin (P＜0.001), and hematocrit (P＜0.01) were increased after the intervention. The blood flow levels were also increased after the program (P＜0.001). Our results indicate that a short-term raw juice diet contributes to the improvement of vascular blood flow and blood lipid parameters, and decreases the lean muscle mass related to dehydration.

No abstract available.
Cystitis*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the clinical utility of the known CT signs of the traumatic rupture of the diaphragm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT scans and chest radiographs were retrospectively reviewed in 13 patients who had diaphragmatic rupture confirmed by surgery. On chest radiographs, the elevation of the diaphragm was evaluated. On CT, 1) discontinuity of the diaphragm, 2) lack of depiction of the diaphragm surrounding the herniated intraabdominal organs (absent diaphragm sign), and 3) fat seen lateral to the diaphragm (fat sign) were evaluated. RESULTS: Chest radiographs showed the elevation of the diaphragm in 11 patients (85%). CT scan showed absent diaphragm sign in 11 patients (85%), discontinuity of the diaphragm in 8 (62%), and fat sign in 7 (54%). All of 12 patients who had the left diaphragmatic rupture had one or more of the above findings. CONCLUSION: Discontinuity of the diaphragm, absent diaphragm sign, and fat sign may be helpful CT findings in the diagnosis of the traumatic rupture of the left diaphragm.
Diagnosis ; Diaphragm* ; Humans ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: Spindle cell lipoma(SCL) is an uncommon subcutaneous soft tissue neoplasm that arises in the shoulder and posterior neck of older male patients. The imaging appearance of SCL is not pathognomonic and can display some features overlapping with liposarcoma. We report a case of SCL on the posterior neck. METHODS: The patient is a 50-year-old man with a slowly enlarging subcutaneous mass on the right side of posterior neck. Computed tomographic imaging revealed a 7.0cm sized, well-circumscribed, heterogenous and fatty mass with enhanced solid components. Whole body Fluorine-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron emission tomogram(FDG PET-CT) showed little increase of FDG uptake on the right posterior neck and there was no distant metastasis. RESULTS: The mass was surgically removed. The resection margin was free of tumor on frozen biopsy. Histopathologic examination indicated spindle cell lipoma consisting of a mixture of mature adipocytes and uniform spindle cells within a matrix of mucinous material. CONCLUSION: Although CT image of the solitary mass in posterior neck is similar with the one of liposarcoma, we should consider that it may be a spindle cell lipoma if PET-CT and other systemic studies reveal no distant metastasis. And we should perform fine needle aspiration to differentiate SCL from malignant lesions.
Adipocytes ; Biopsy ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Electrons ; Humans ; Lipoma ; Liposarcoma ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mucins ; Neck ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Shoulder ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms

BACKGROUND: Although there have been many studies on psoriasis, only a few studies have been conducted on pilosebaceous changes and even those results are controversial. While a few studies have been conducted on the morphological changes of the pilosebaceous unit in scalp psoriasis, comparative studies on the morphometric changes of pilosebaceous structures with a normal control group have not been conducted. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to elucidate the morphological change of the pilosebaecous unit in scalp psoriasis. METHODS: We conducted a comparative study an the morphometric changes of the pilosebaceous structure in 10 cases of scalp psoriasis with a normal control group. Results : The results of this study are summarized as follows : 1. Total hair counts, telogen hair counts, telogen hair counts, and the sizes of hairs and follicles in the lesional scalp showed no statistically significant increase than in the normal control. 2. The intrafollicular hyperkeratosis in infundibulum and sebaceous atrophy were more proininet in the lesional area than in the normal control area. These findings were also significantly prominent in the uninvolved normal-appearing area than in the normal control area. 3. Perifollicular inflammation, squamous metaplasia of the sebaceous gland and telangiectasia in the lesional and uninvolved areas were prominent, and these findings were not found in the normal control areas. Conclusion : The sebaceous atrophy and squamous metaplasia are very important findings of morphologic changes in psoriasis, and this paradoxical change may be an important clue to clarify the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
Atrophy ; Hair ; Inflammation ; Metaplasia ; Psoriasis ; Scalp* ; Sebaceous Glands ; Telangiectasis

Primary extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma(SCC) is appearing with increased frequency in the literature. These tumors have been described in the esophagus, stomach, pancreas, larynx, hypopharynx, salivary gland, nasal cavity & paranasal sinus, thymus, small & large bowel, uterine cervix, endometrium, breast, prostate, urinary bladder and skin. Small cell carcinoma of the stomach is extremely rare and a total 9 cases have been reported in the English literature. Like SCC in the lung, SCC in the alimentary tract has a aggresive behavior and prognosis of the patient is poor. We are reported a case of advanced gastric cancer diagnosed as small cell type by endoscopic biopsy. Grossly, the lesion of small cell carcinoma of the stomach, located in the upper body and gastric angle, is ulcerated with irregular margin and dirty surface covered with blodd clots and exudates.
Biopsy ; Breast ; Carcinoma, Small Cell* ; Cervix Uteri ; Endometrium ; Endoscopy ; Esophagus ; Exudates and Transudates ; Female ; Humans ; Hypopharynx ; Larynx ; Lung ; Nasal Cavity ; Pancreas ; Prognosis ; Prostate ; Salivary Glands ; Skin ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Stomach* ; Thymus Gland ; Ulcer ; Urinary Bladder

OBJECTIVE: Peritumoral edema(PTE) in meningioma occurs variably and can adversely affect the clinical course. Moreover, the etiology of PTE in meningioma is not well documented. To examine possible correlations with PTE, the authors report an investigation of the clinical parameters and the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs), and their inhibitors(TIMPs) in 20 meningiomas. METHODS: Tumor volume and edema volume estimation was done using Osiris software with magnetic resonance images and the edema index was calculated. The expression of VEGF, MMP, and TIMP were estimated in all 20 meningiomas by Western blotting, zymography, and laser densitometry. RESULTS: Tumor location was closely related with PTE. Meningiomas of the frontal lobe or the frontotemporal base had large PTEs, whereas those of the occipitoparietal lobe, posterior fossa or petroclivus were small. The level of VEGF expression bore no correlation with histologic malignancy and PTE extent. MMP-2 and -9 were detected in 100% of meningiomas and these levels were significantly related with PTE. TIMP-1 and -2 were detected in 19(95%) and 12(60%) of meningiomas respectively and their presence had no significant correlations statistically with PTE. CONCLUSION: Meningiomas with severe PTE expressed high levels of MMP-9 and low levels of MMP-2. The expressions of VEGF, MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMPs in meningioma seems to be strongly related with PTE, which might be important factors of the etiology of PTE.
Blotting, Western ; Densitometry ; Edema* ; Frontal Lobe ; Meningioma* ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 ; Tumor Burden ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A