No abstract available.

We studied the effects of hot water extract of Inonotus obliquos mushroom on the proliferation and apoptosis of the human colon adenocarcinoma, HT-29 and the human stomach adenocarcinoma, SNU-484 cell. Cells were maintained with Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium/Ham's F-12 nutrient mixture supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum at 37 degrees C in a humidified CO2. For the cell proliferation experiments, cells were seeded in 35 mm dishes, and were treated with the various concentrations of the extract for the different time course. Apoptosis was measured by caspase-3 activity. When we incubated HT-29 cells for 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after treatments, the cell proliferation was more suppressed with more treatment time. In case of the human stomach cancer cell, SNU484, the extract significantly decreased the cell number. Thus, the treatment of 1.5 mg/ml extract decreased almost half of the cell number. Caspase-3 activity in HT-29 was increased by the treatment of mushroom extracts. In SNU484, caspase-3 activity tended to increase in proportion to the amounts of the extracts and the treatment of Inonotus obliquos affected the activity a lot. Therefore, Inonotus obliquos is suggested for the prevention of gastro-intestinal cancer and strongly recommended for the treatment of stomach cancer.
Adenocarcinoma ; Agaricales ; Apoptosis ; Caspase 3* ; Cell Count ; Cell Line* ; Cell Proliferation ; Colon ; Eagles ; HT29 Cells ; Humans* ; Stomach ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Water

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between attachment and behavior problems in adolescents. METHOD: A sample of 792 high school students were examined. Revised Adult Attachment Scale, Self-report Attachment Style, Youth Self-Report Child Behavior Checklist (YSR) were used to measure the attachment quality, the attachment pattern and the behavior problems respectively. RESULTS: As to the attachment quality, high score in fear of rejection, low dependability and low intimacy were related to the development of adolescent's internalizing problems. As to the attachment pattern, preoccupied and fearful with attachment experience were linked to the internalizing behavior problems of higher level as well as 'Attention problems' and 'Aggressive behavior' sub-scales of externalizing ones on YSR. CONCLUSION: High fear of rejection, low dependability and low intimacy characterise the insecure attachment. So the insecure attachment might predict the development of all internalizing behavior problems, attention problems and aggressive behavior in adolescents. Also the result suggested that the adolescents classified as Dismissing attachment may have a positive view of the self and may minimize the self reported behavior problems.
Adolescent* ; Adult ; Checklist ; Child ; Child Behavior ; Humans ; Self Report

PURPOSE: To compare the clinical outcomes during phacoemulsification when using recently improved longitudinal (Stellaris(R), Bausch & Lomb, Rochester, NY, USA) and torsional (Infiniti Ozil(R), Alcon, Fort Worth, TX, USA) ultrasound. METHODS: The present study included 74 eyes of 59 patients undergoing cataract surgery. Operated eyes with mild cataract (nuclear sclerosis grade 1 and 2), moderate cataract (nuclear sclerosis grade 3) and hard cataract (nuclear sclerosis grade 4 and 5) were compared in terms of the total phacoemulsification (phaco) time, average phaco power, total phaco energy and amount of fluid used during cataract surgery between the 2 modalities. Endothelial cell density, corneal edema, central corneal thickness (CCT), surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were also evaluated preoperatively and up to 3 month postoperatively. RESULTS: In mild cataracts, the operative parameters and corneal changes were similar between the 2 modalities. In moderate cataracts, the total phaco time was significantly higher in the torsional group than the longitudinal group, but the average phaco power, total phaco energy, and amount of fluid were not significantly different. In patients with hard cataract, the torsional group showed higher total phaco time (27.50 +/- 17.77 sec vs. 97.08 +/- 12.67 sec), average phaco power, total phaco energy, persistent corneal edema at 1 week postoperatively and more endothelial cell loss at 3 month postoperatively (16.33 +/- 15.50% vs. 38.71 +/- 26.49%). Postoperative CCT, SIA and BCVA were not significantly different in hard cataracts between the 2 modalities. CONCLUSIONS: In mild and moderate cataracts, the efficiency of phaco and corneal changes were similar between the 2 modalities. However, recently improved longitudinal phaco showed superior efficiency for hard cataracts and induced less endothelial cell loss than torsional phaco.
Astigmatism ; Cataract ; Corneal Edema ; Endothelial Cells ; Humans ; Phacoemulsification* ; Sclerosis ; Ultrasonography ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To compare the clinical outcomes during phacoemulsification when using recently improved longitudinal (Stellaris(R), Bausch & Lomb, Rochester, NY, USA) and torsional (Infiniti Ozil(R), Alcon, Fort Worth, TX, USA) ultrasound. METHODS: The present study included 74 eyes of 59 patients undergoing cataract surgery. Operated eyes with mild cataract (nuclear sclerosis grade 1 and 2), moderate cataract (nuclear sclerosis grade 3) and hard cataract (nuclear sclerosis grade 4 and 5) were compared in terms of the total phacoemulsification (phaco) time, average phaco power, total phaco energy and amount of fluid used during cataract surgery between the 2 modalities. Endothelial cell density, corneal edema, central corneal thickness (CCT), surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were also evaluated preoperatively and up to 3 month postoperatively. RESULTS: In mild cataracts, the operative parameters and corneal changes were similar between the 2 modalities. In moderate cataracts, the total phaco time was significantly higher in the torsional group than the longitudinal group, but the average phaco power, total phaco energy, and amount of fluid were not significantly different. In patients with hard cataract, the torsional group showed higher total phaco time (27.50 +/- 17.77 sec vs. 97.08 +/- 12.67 sec), average phaco power, total phaco energy, persistent corneal edema at 1 week postoperatively and more endothelial cell loss at 3 month postoperatively (16.33 +/- 15.50% vs. 38.71 +/- 26.49%). Postoperative CCT, SIA and BCVA were not significantly different in hard cataracts between the 2 modalities. CONCLUSIONS: In mild and moderate cataracts, the efficiency of phaco and corneal changes were similar between the 2 modalities. However, recently improved longitudinal phaco showed superior efficiency for hard cataracts and induced less endothelial cell loss than torsional phaco.
Astigmatism ; Cataract ; Corneal Edema ; Endothelial Cells ; Humans ; Phacoemulsification* ; Sclerosis ; Ultrasonography ; Visual Acuity

A 63-year-old woman was referred to a breast surgeon with a breast mass discovered incidentally during follow-up study after colon cancer surgery. Invasive adenocarcinoma was revealed on core needle biopsy. Wide excision of the breast including the tumor was performed. On standard histological examination the tumor showed features of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. The immunohistochemistry study revealed positive results for cytokeratin (CK)20 and CDX2, but negative for CK7. These are typical characteristics for colon cancer. Considering her history of subtotal colectomy for sigmoid colon cancer, it is presumable that the mass in the breast was of colonic origin, and it was an extremely rare case of metastasis to the breast from primary colorectal neoplasm. Although the instance is rare, clinicians should keep the possibility of breast metastasis from colorectal cancer in mind for early and correct diagnosis.
Adenocarcinoma ; Biopsy, Large-Core Needle ; Breast ; Colectomy ; Colon ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratins ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Sigmoid Neoplasms

Desmoid tumor is rare neoplasm originated from fibrous sheath or musculoaponeurotic structure. It is classified as benign tumor histologically, but clinically, it has malignant characteristics due to its infiltrative growth to adjacent organ and frequent local recurrence. Especially, mesenteric desmoid tumor shows poor prognosis because of its symptoms of pain, intestinal obstruction, ureter obstruction and fistula formation and high frequency of recurrence. We experienced a case of mesenteric desmoid tumor in a 64-year-old woman with a painless abdominal mass. Laparoscopic exploration was performed and 10 cm sized mesenteric mass was identified, which resected widely and the diagnosis was confirmed with desmoid tumor by pathologic report. We reviewed the feature of the mesenteric desmoid tumor, that is, pathophysiology, clinical presentations, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.
Female ; Fibromatosis, Aggressive ; Fistula ; Humans ; Intestinal Obstruction ; Laparoscopy ; Mesentery ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Ureter

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The growing volume and the diversity of clinical research has led to related laws and regulations as well as the Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval process becoming more stringent. To conduct clinical research efficiently and while following regulations, information about the IRB approval process and feedback is important for investigators. This has yet to be studied. METHODS: We included 381 gastrointestinal disease research proposals (79 with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], and 302 with non-IBD) reviewed by the IRB of Severance Hospital between January 2009 and December 2013. We retrospectively analyzed research characteristics including research risk levels, results of initial reviews, frequencies of continuing review, numbers of IRB comments, frequencies of IRB comments, and durations from submission to approval. RESULTS: Investigators' decisions on risk level were higher in the IBD group than in the non-IBD group (P<0.05). Results of initial reviews, frequencies of continuing reviews, the numbers of IRB review comments, and durations from submission to approval were not different between the two groups, but IRB decisions on risk level were higher in the IBD group (P<0.05). In subgroup analysis, the number of IRB comments from initial review on informed consent forms and procedures as well were quest of more information were significantly higher in the IBD group than in the non-IBD group (P<0.001 and 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In Korea, rare diseases such as IBD require more information for the IRB process due to their distinct characteristics. IBD researchers should develop research protocols more carefully and make their research as subject-friendly as possible.
Consent Forms ; Ethics Committees, Research ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; Humans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases* ; Jurisprudence ; Korea ; Rare Diseases ; Research Design ; Research Personnel ; Retrospective Studies ; Social Control, Formal

OBJECTIVE: The Sewol ferry disaster caused shock and grief in South Korea. The aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with symptoms of complicated grief (CG) among the surviving students 20 months after that disaster. METHODS: This study was conducted using a cross-sectional design and a sample of 57 students who survived the Sewol ferry disaster. Data were collected using the following instruments: Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG), the Lifetime Incidence of Traumatic Events-Child, the Child Report of Post-Traumatic Symptoms (CROPS), KIDSCREEN-27, Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales-III, the Peri-traumatic Dissociation–Post-traumatic Negative Beliefs–Post-traumatic Social Support scale, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. A generalized linear model using a log link and Poisson distribution was performed to identify factors associated with symptoms of CG. RESULTS: The mean score on the ICG was 15.57 (standard deviation: 12.72). Being born in 1999, a higher score on the CROPS and a lower score in autonomy and relationship with parents on the KIDSCREEN-27 were related to higher levels of CG. CONCLUSION: Twenty months after the Sewol ferry disaster, 24.5% of surviving students were suffering from CG. This study uncovered a vulnerable population of bereaved children at high risk for CG.
Child ; Disasters* ; Grief* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea* ; Linear Models ; Parents ; Shock ; Vulnerable Populations

Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia may show a delayed presentation and it rarely simulates pleural effusion. We report here on two asymptomatic cases that were diagnosed by performing chest CT.
Hernia, Diaphragmatic ; Hernia, Diaphragmatic, Traumatic* ; Omentum ; Pleural Effusion* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed