OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study attempts to determine the endocrinologic characteristics and changes in glucose metabolism before/during pregnancy according to different body weights in women with Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). METHODS: 94 women dia with PCOS were evaluated through measuring serum hormone levels and oral glucose tolerance tests preconceptionally and gestationally. RESULTS: In patients who were of normal weight showed significantly increased serum LH levels compared to those who were overweight (12.8+/-0.9 Vs. 7.1+/-0.8 mIU/ml, p= 0.000), and the serum levels of insulin was increased significantly in the overweight group (7.1+/-0.7 Vs. 15.2+/-2.8 ulU/ml, p= 0.000). the IGFBP-I (32.8+/-10.6 Vs. 8.3+/-2.5 ng/ml, p=0.034) and SHBG (55.8+/-4.2 Vs. 37.1+/-3.1 nmol/ml, p= 0.001) were significantly lower in the ovnweight group. The oral glucose tolerance test before/after pregnancy showed increased frequency of abnormal glucose metabolism, in both of the non-obese group (38.8%, 26,9%) and the obese group (64.2%, 53.9%) compared with normal population. CONCLUSION: It is thought that in the normal weight group with polycystic ovarian syndrome androgen production is stimulated in the theca cells by abnormally high LH secretion, while in the overweight group the hyperinsulinemia state which decreases the SHBG and IGFBP-I, lead to increase biologically active hee androgens and IGF-I and increase insulin binding to its receptor. And during/before pregnancy, women with PCOS showed that incidence of abnormal glucose metabolism was significantly increased in both of non-obese and obese groups.
Androgens ; Body Weight ; Female ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Glucose* ; Humans ; Hyperinsulinism ; Incidence ; Insulin ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Metabolism* ; Obesity ; Overweight* ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome* ; Pregnancy* ; Theca Cells

Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C(PLC) is known as a key enzyme which produces two major second messengers: diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate. Although it has been suggested that PLC beta isozymes have important roles in nervous system, less is known about the function of PLC beta in development of nervous system. We have localized the mRNA expressions of PLC beta isozymes in the postnatal rat brains by id firm hybridization histochemistry. In the postnatal rat brains, each isozyme of PLC beta showed differential expression pattern. The expression of PLC beta1 mRNA was found in various areas including olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, caudate putamen, hippocampus, dentate gyrus, and cerebellum. In general, the expression in these areas was gradually increased after birth (PO) until postnatal day 21 (P2l) and slightly decreased to adult level. The expression of PLC beta2 mRNA was not found in postnatal rat brains. The expression of PLC beta3 mRNA was found from P0, peaked at Pl4, and decreased to adult level in the purkinje cells of cerebellum. PLC beta4 mRNA was strongly expressed in the thalamus, cerebellum, cerebral cortex, and olfactory bulb. In these areas, the expression was gradually increased after birth, peaked at P2l, and decreased to adult level. In whole body parasagittal sections of 18 day old rat embryo, PLC betal mRNA was exclusively expressed in nervous tissue, PLC beta3 and PLC beta4 were expressed in various tissues, and the expression of PLC beta2 was not found in any kind of rat tissues. From the different spatiotemporal mRNA expression patterns of PLC beta isozymes in the postnatal rat brains, it is suspected that each PLC beta isozyme may have specific role in signal transduction for postnatal development of rat brain.
Adult ; Animals ; Brain* ; Cerebellum ; Cerebral Cortex ; Dentate Gyrus ; Embryonic Structures ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Inositol ; Isoenzymes* ; Nervous System ; Olfactory Bulb ; Parturition ; Phospholipase C beta* ; Phospholipases* ; Purkinje Cells ; Putamen ; Rats* ; RNA, Messenger* ; Second Messenger Systems ; Signal Transduction ; Thalamus

We present a case of Aspergillus septic hip arthritis in an immunocompetent patient with undiagnosed recurrent pulmonary aspergillosis who underwent arthroscopic surgery. Biopsy specimens of synovium revealed fungal hyphae, confirming Aspergillus infection. Aspergillus septic hip arthritis can occur in immunocompetent patients, and arthroscopy can be a noninvasive surgical option in these cases.
Arthritis ; Arthritis, Infectious* ; Arthroscopy ; Aspergillus* ; Biopsy ; Female* ; Hip* ; Humans ; Hyphae ; Pulmonary Aspergillosis* ; Synovial Membrane

As the osteoporotic patient population grows, various periprosthetic fractures that cannot be classified appropriately can occur around the femur after hip arthroplasty. We experienced two cases of periprosthetic insufficiency fractures at subtrochanteric area of the femurs around radiographically loose cemented femoral stems. The ages of the patients were 75 years and 83 years. Both patients could not recall any history of trauma before the onset of pain. Both were treated non-operatively. Both healed uneventfully and did not recur after two years of follow up. When the osteoporotic patient with cemented stem showed sudden hip or thigh pain without a history of trauma, great attention should be focused to find this lesion.
Arthroplasty ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fractures, Stress* ; Hip ; Humans ; Periprosthetic Fractures ; Thigh

Femoral stem fracture is an uncommon reason for the failure of total hip arthroplasty, with only 16 cases of fully coated stem fractures reported to date. Here we report a case in which a fully coated primary femoral stem fracture occurred after conversion to total hip arthroplasty for the non-union of an intertrochanteric fracture of the femur. Metallurgic evaluation of the etiology and mechanism revealed that the fracture was initiated by fatigue-related failure and completed by ductile failure on the posterior side of the fracture. Considering the recent trend of treating an intertrochanteric fracture with hip arthroplasty, possible stem failure should be considered, since most patients will have at least one of the known risk factors for stem fracture.
Arthroplasty ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip* ; Femur ; Hip ; Humans ; Risk Factors

Partial peripheral nerve injury occasionally results in neuropathic pain, including spontaneous burning pain and increased sensitivity to sensory stimuli such as hyperalgesia and allodynia. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this disease are poorly understood and the available treatments unsatisfactory. Presently, the neuropathic pain is believed to result from an increase in the excitability of the dorsal horn neurons (central sensitization), which is induced by abnormal signals from injured afferents. PKC-gamma is known to play a pivotal role in central sensitization following peripheral nerve injury. In the present study, we examine the expression of PKC-gamma mRNA of the spinal dorsal horn after neuropathic injury. There was no significant difference of PKC-gamma mRNA between lesion and control sides. These results suggest that PKC-gamma mRNA is not a key factor for the generation of neuropathic pain.
Animals ; Burns ; Central Nervous System Sensitization ; Horns ; Hyperalgesia ; Models, Animal* ; Neuralgia* ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries ; Posterior Horn Cells ; Protein Kinases* ; Rats* ; RNA, Messenger* ; Spinal Cord*

The brain size is a useful parameter describing ontogenic characters and functions. Recent studies of brain size with medical imaging techniques such as MRI and CT made us understand the functions of brain and pathophysiology of various neurologic diseases. With these advances in medical imaging technique, study on Korean brain size needs more attention. In this study, neurologically intact brain MRIs of 66 females and 58 males (ages 19 through 80) were analyzed. Areas of corpus callosum, midbrain, pons, and cerebellar vermis were estimated from mid-sagittal plane of MRI films. Statistical analyses were performed to reveal the effects of aging and gender on these structures. Our results demonstrate statistically significant sexual difference of pons size in healthy adult Korean. Size of other structures examined were not different between female and male. Age-related atrophy was observed in midbrain of male and female midbrain and the corpus callosum of male. This is the first report of sexual difference of pons size in normal adult Korean. Sexual dimorphism of ageing response in copus callosum differences needs further investigation.
Adult ; Aging* ; Atrophy ; Brain* ; Corpus Callosum ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mesencephalon ; Pons

Recently, there are numerous efforts to explain the psycho-, neurological events through molecular biological standards. Because of the property as a strong stimulant to neural cells, convulsions induced by electroconvulsive shock (ECS) or kainic acid are used for neurobiological research. In this study, the effect of systemic administration of kainic acid and ECS on the expression of hsp 72 mRNA in the rat brain was investigated with in situ hybridization histochemistry. The induction of hsp 72 mRNA was observed in the dentate gyrus from 2 hr after KA treatment. After that, the expression was gradually increased in the various areas including dentate gyrus, hippocampus, olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, caudate-putamen, thalamus, and peaked at 9 hr after KA treatment. At the 72 hr after KA treatment, weak expression was found only in the CA3 area of hippocampus. However, the expression of hsp 72 mRNA was not detected in any ESC treated rat brains, we examined.The inducton of c-fos was observed from 15 min, peaked at 6 hr, and returned to basal level at 48 hr after KA treatment. The expression of c-fos was observed in the same areas that showed induction of hsp 72 mRNA. In the ECS treated rat brains, the induction of c-fos was found in the dentate gyrus, olfactory bulb and cerebral cortex at 15 min and 30 min after ESC. From these results, it may be suggested that the effects of KA treatment and ECS on the neuronal cells are different, and it is due to difference in induction mechanism of convulsion between KA and ECS. And, the similarity between the expression pattern of hsp 72 mRNA by KA and KA receptor suggests that the induction of hsp 72 mRNA is based on the direct effect of KA through KA receptor.
Animals ; Brain* ; Cerebral Cortex ; Dentate Gyrus ; Electroshock ; Gene Expression ; Heat-Shock Proteins* ; Hippocampus ; Hot Temperature* ; HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins* ; In Situ Hybridization ; Kainic Acid ; Neurons ; Olfactory Bulb ; Rats* ; RNA, Messenger ; Seizures ; Thalamus

Perinatal transmission and infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in early childhood were observed in the offsprings of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive mothers who had been vaccinated against HBV immediately after giving birth. This prophylaxis failure of perinatal HBV infection is likely due to the interplay of the virus and host immune response. To investigate whether the HLA polymorphism affected the outcome of the perinatal prophylaxis, HLA class I (HLA-A, B and Cw) and class II (HLA-DRB1, DQA1, DQB1 and DPB1) were typed using serology, PCR-SSOP (polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific oligonucleotide probe), and PCR-ARMS (amplification refractory modification system) methods in 22 HBeAg-positive mothers and their 10 prophylaxis-succeeded and 12 prophylaxis- failed children. The HLA types of the mothers and their children were compared with 198 HBsAg-negative healthy controls in a Korean population. HLA-B35 (relative risk=4.2, p<0.01), B51 (relative risk=3.2, p<0.02), DRB1*07 (relative risk=3.8, p<0.03), and DQA1*02 (relative risk=3.8, p<0.03) alleles were more frequent in HBeAg-positive mothers than in the controls. Also, HLA-DRB1*13 (relative risk=0.1, p<0.02) and DPB1*0401 (relative risk=0.1, p<0.02) alleles were less frequent in HBeAg-positive mothers. However, HLA alleles did not affect the outcome of the perinatal prophylaxis against HBV. These results suggest that the reported influences of some HLA alleles on the natural chronic HBV infections may not operate in the HBV infections in children received perinatal prophylaxis.
Alleles* ; Child ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis B virus* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; HLA-B35 Antigen ; Humans ; Mothers ; Parturition