Vasectomy has been increased as a popular method of birth control because it is simpler than other methods for men. But the vasectomy results in several problems such as relation to effect changes on the structure and function of the reproductive organ. The fate of non-ejaculated spermatozoa is postulated by some authors that those are disappeared by a progress of dissolution and reabsorption in the epididymis, and we have attempted to prove the true state of sperm-acrosome on the fine structure in vasectomized rats. The results were as follows: 1. Apical segments of the acrosome were swollen similar to the shape of club in many spermatozoa. 2. Discontinuities of the outer and inner acrosomal membranes were occasionally noted and there were complete losses of acrosomes in the certain places. 3. There was no evidence of significant changes in the nuclear structure, nor dilatation of the subacrosomal space. 4. Vasectomy might effect destructive changes in the acrosomes of the non-ejaculated spermatozoa in situ.
Acrosome ; Animals ; Contraception ; Dilatation ; Epididymis ; Humans ; Male ; Membranes ; Rats* ; Spermatozoa ; Vasectomy*

Torsion of the spermatic cord is an uncommon disease that is almost limited to prepubertal males. It causes strangulation to the blood supply to the testis, therefore requires urgent evaluation and diagnosis with immediate therapy to achieve preservation of a viable testicle. The patient suddenly develops severe pain in involved testicle, followed by swelling of the organ, reddening of the scrotal skin, lower abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. The cryptorchid testis is prone to undergo torsion. A clinical study was made on 5 cases of spermatic cord torsion during the 18 months period from April, 1980 to December, 1981. The results were as follows: 1. The ages of the patients ranged from 45 drays of 16 years. Right side to left side ratio was 4:1. 2. The most common symptom of spermatic cord torsion was painful scrotal swelling. 3. Two cases were developed in undescended testicles and a case in the allergic purpura. 4. Twisted angle of the spermatic cord torsion was 1800 in 2 cases and 3600 in 3 cases. Type of torsion was extravaginal in 3 cases, and intravaginal in the other 2 cases. 5. Two cases were seen after 56 hours of onset. The involved testicles showed grossly complete necrosis and were orchiectomized. In the other 3 cases, immediate detorsion with fixation was given within 10-16 hours after onset. 6. histopathologic finding showed hemorrhagic infarction and necrosis of the testis, epididyrnis and spermatic cord in the orchiectomized cases, and generalized edematous change of epididymis and slightly separated seminiferous tubules by stromal edema in the cases of testicular preservation.
Abdominal Pain ; Diagnosis ; Edema ; Epididymis ; Humans ; Infarction ; Male ; Nausea ; Necrosis ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch ; Seminiferous Tubules ; Skin ; Spermatic Cord Torsion* ; Spermatic Cord* ; Testis ; Vomiting

PURPOSE: Neonatal adrenal hemorrhage is not rare disease which can be caused by such risk factors as sepsis, large baby, birth trauma and asphyxia. The clinical manifestations include jaundice, anemia, abdominal mass and differentiation from neuroblastoma, renal vein thrombosis and adrenal abscess is needed. Through the clinical assessment of presenting features, we hope that this study be of any help to early detection and proper management of neonatal adrenal hemorrhage. METHODS: The 16 subjects out of neonates admitted to our hospital from July 1991 to June 1997 were diagnosed as neonatal adrenal hemorrhage. The risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods and prognosis of neonatal adrenal hemorrhage were evaluated in these 16 cases. RESULTS: 1) Among 16 cases, males were 10 (62.5%) and females were 6 (37.5%). Mean birth weight was 3.601.08kg and mean gestational age was 39.82+1.08 week, and all were fullterm babies. In modes of delivery, vaginal deliveries were 12 cases (75.0%) and cesarean sections were 4 cases (25.0%). 2) 13 cases (81.2%) were involved in right side, 2 cases (12.5%) in left side and 1 case (6.3%) bilaterally. 3) The risk factors include sepsis in 6 cases (37.5%), large baby in 5 cases (31.3%), birth trauma in 5 cases<31.3%) and asphyxia in 3 cases (18.8%). 4) The clinical manifestations include jaundice in 7 cases (43.8%), anemia in 7 cases (43.8%), fever in 6 cases (37.5%) and abdominal mass in 3 cases (18.8%). 5) In the time of diagnosis, until 7 days of birth were 9 cases (56.2%), 8-14 days were 3 cases (18.8%), 15-21 days were 2 cases (12.5%) and 22-28 days were 2 cases (12.5%). Follow-up studies were done in 13 cases (81.2%), and tha lesions all decreased without any specific complications or sequelae. CONCLUSION: Neonatal adrenal hemorrhage can be diagnosed by abdominal ultrasono- gram in the presence of suggestive manifestations of jaundice, anemia, fever and abdominal mass, with relatively good prognosis. Differentiation from other conditions as well as avoidance of unnecessary explorations can be achieved by serial follow-up examinations of abdominal ultrasonogram.
Abscess ; Anemia ; Asphyxia ; Birth Weight ; Cesarean Section ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fever ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gestational Age ; Hemorrhage ; Hope ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice ; Male ; Neuroblastoma ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Prognosis ; Rare Diseases ; Renal Veins ; Risk Factors ; Sepsis ; Thrombosis ; Ultrasonography

Prader-Willi syndrome is characterized by such as infantile hypotonia, mental retardation hyperphagia with obesity and hypogonadism. We experienced one case of so called Prader-Willi syndrome associated with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, hypomentia, hyperphagia with obesity and cryptochism. Testicular biopsy revealed predominant Sertoli cells, decreased spermatogonia and edematous stromal tissue.
Biopsy ; Hyperphagia ; Hypogonadism ; Intellectual Disability ; Muscle Hypotonia ; Obesity ; Prader-Willi Syndrome* ; Sertoli Cells ; Spermatogonia

PURPOSE: Bacteremia is one of the major concerns in the treatment of pediatric cancer patients. This study was to determine the etiologic agents and the pattern of antibiotic susceptibilities in a single tertiary medical center. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of the cases of bacteremia in pediatric cancer patients from 1998 to 2005 in Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center. RESULTS: There were 62 cases of bacteremia from 44 patients. Gram-positive organisms(48.3%) were more common than gram-negative organisms(38.7%) or fungi(13%). Among gram-positive organisms, Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common etiologic agent(63.3%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus(16.7%), alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus(16.7%), and Streptococcus mitis(3.3%). Among gram-negative organisms, Alcaligenes xylosoxidans was the most common agent(41.7%) and the other organisms were Klebsiella pneumoniae(20.8%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia(12.5%), Acinetobacter baumanii(8.2%), etc. In febrile neutropenic patients, however, K. pneumoniae was the most common cause of gram-negative bacteremia. All of the isolated K. pneumoniae in our center produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and were related with high mortality. S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and Streptococcus species were all susceptible to vancomycin and teicoplanin. Most staphylococci were resistant to penicillin and oxacillin. Most of the gram-negative organisms were susceptible to imipenem. CONCLUSION: Gram-positive organisms were more commonly isolated than gram-negative organisms in pediatric cancer patients like other studies. We could obtained valuable information on the choice of proper antibiotics in our institution. Further studies will be needed to explain the prevalence of A. xylosoxidans in our center.
Acinetobacter ; Alcaligenes ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteremia* ; beta-Lactamases ; Child ; Humans ; Imipenem ; Klebsiella ; Medical Records ; Mortality ; Oxacillin ; Penicillins ; Pneumonia ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Staphylococcus ; Staphylococcus epidermidis ; Stenotrophomonas ; Streptococcus ; Teicoplanin ; Vancomycin

The aim of this study was to examine the association between serum apolipoprotein B (apoB) and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) using Framingham risk score (FRS) in healthy Korean men. A total of 13,523 men without medication history of diabetes and hypertension were enrolled in this study. The FRS is based on six coronary risk factors. FRS > or = 10% was defined as more-than-a-moderate risk group and FRS > or = 20% as high risk group, respectively. The logistic regression analyses were conducted. When quartile 1 (Q1) set as a reference, in unadjusted analyses, the Q2, Q3, Q4 of apoB level had increased odds ratio (OR) for the risk of CHD in both more-than-a-moderate risk and high risk group, respectively. After adjusting for confounding variables, multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analyses showed a strong relationship between the quartiles of apoB level and more-than-a-moderate risk and high risk group, respectively. These associations were attenuated, but still remained statistically significant. ApoB is found to be independently related to the risk of CHD using FRS in healthy Korean men, and the link between apoB and the risk of CHD is dose-depedent.
Adult ; Apolipoproteins B/*blood ; Coronary Disease/*blood/*diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Men's Health ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Republic of Korea ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors

PURPOSE: We have examined the expression of c-erbB-2 oncogene in sera and tissues of non-small cell lung cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serum levels of c-erbB-2 protein were measured by an enzyme im munoassay in 55 patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Sera from patients with surgical therapy were evaluated again after surgery. Immunohistochemical staining was performed in 47 of these tumors. RESULTS: Elevated levels (> or =45 U/mL, control mean 2SD) were observed in 15% of 55 non-small cell lung cancer patients, as compared with none of control subjects (p<0.05). The incidence of elevated level was higher in the adenocarcinoma than squamous cell carcinoma (22% vs 4%, p<0.01). The serum levels of c-erbB-2 protein decreased significantly after surgical tumor ablation (p<0.01). Tissue overexpression was obtained in 23/47 cases (49%). The incidence of c-erbB-2 overexpression was higher in the adenocarcinoma (73% vs 29%, p<0.005). No relationship was found between c-erbB-2 protein expression in serum and tumor tissue and clinicopathologic feature. Elevated serum c-erbB-2 levels predicted tissue overexpression with sensitivity 30% and specificity 96%. There was relationship between serum level and expression in tumor tissue of c-erbB-2 protein. CONCLUSION: Serum and tissue levels of c-erbB-2 correlate in patients with non-small cell carcinoma. Serum c-erbB-2 protein may be a useful indicator of tumor burden in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Humans ; Incidence ; Oncogenes ; Receptor, erbB-2* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tumor Burden

Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common tumor affecting the lower urinary tract of children, and is highly malignant with a tendency to involve local structure early and eventually metastasize to distant sites. Although about 15% of all juvenile rhabdomyosarcoma involve the urogenital tract most often the prostate, bladder, only a small number begin in the paratesticular tissues. Paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma usually presents as a large intrascrotal mass that compresses the testis and epididymis, sometimes reaching the external inguinal ring. None case of paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma has previously been reported in literature yet in Korea. We fist report a case of this tumor developed in a 6 years old boy and the relevant literature has been reviewed.
Child ; Epididymis ; Humans ; Inguinal Canal ; Korea ; Male ; Prostate ; Rhabdomyosarcoma* ; Testis ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Tract

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and the correlates of social factors and life stress in an urban population. METHODS: 932 residents of Yangcheongu, Seoul were selected using multi-phasic cluster sampling method to represent each district. Trained interviewers visited each separate household individually and collected self-reported questionnaires, which represent socio-demographic characteristics of community residents. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to evaluate depressive symptoms (CES-D score over 21). Global Assessment of Recent stress (GARS) was used to evaluate life stress level. RESULTS: The prevalence of depressive symptoms in men was 11.8%, while in women it was 14.1%. Depressive symptoms were higher in divorced or separated persons, those with lower family incomes, high self-assessed level of stress scores, and frequent alcohol drinking patterns. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, high level of stress scores was independently associated with depressive symptoms. Sudden changes in relationship, sickness/injury and ordinary daily stress subscales were significantly associated with depressive symptoms when other subscales were controlled. CONCLUSION: Compared with point prevalence of depressive disorder, the prevalence of depressive symptoms in an urban population is relatively higher. The assessment of life stress level, especially for sudden changes in relationship, sickness/injury or ordinary daily stress, can be used as an effective screening tool for detection and prevention of depressive disorder.
Alcohol Drinking ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder ; Divorce ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Stress, Psychological ; Urban Population

Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease by Trichomonas vaginalis infection that may be associated with preterm delivery and low birth weight in the newborn infants. T. vaginalis may be transmitted to neonates during passage through an infected birth canal and neonatal infection is usually self-limiting course, but rare cases of symptomatic neonatal infection such as vaginitis, urinary tract infection and respiratory infection have been reported. We experienced a case of symptomatic neonatal trichomoniasis which was confirmed by wet mount examination of vaginal discharge and urine specimens in premature baby with intrauterine growth retardation. The patient had complete resolution of symptoms such as vaginal discharge and pyuria after treatment with ornidazole (tiberalR). We report this case with a brief review of the related literatures.
Fetal Growth Retardation ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Ornidazole ; Parturition ; Pyuria ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; Trichomonas vaginalis ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Vaginal Discharge ; Vaginitis